Effect of Different Dietary Vitamin–Mineral Premixes, Housing Systems and Duration of Storage on Physical Characteristics and Proximate Compositions of Eggs at the Late Laying Stage

Abstract

Effect of the different dietary proprietary vitamin–mineral premixes (PVMP) and housing systems (HS) on physical characteristics and proximate compositions of egg in the duration of storage (DOS) at the late laying phase were investigated in this study. Bovan Nera Black pullets (n=240) at week 71 of life were equally allotted to battery cage (BC) and deep litter (DL) HS. Pullets were further allotted in each HS to five dietary treatments. Each treatment was in triplicate of eight birds. The isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet formulated was supplemented with one of the five PVMP. Eggs (n=75) were sampled from each HS and stored at ambient conditions (temperature: 27.1-32.8°C and relative humidity: 41-76%). Egg indices were assessed at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The trial was a '2 × 5 × 5' factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Effect of HS on weight, length, width, Haugh unit, yolk height, shape index and weight loss of eggs was not significant (p>0.05). Yolk index of eggs from hens fed diet containing PVMP 1 group (20.41±2.73) and 4 group (20.53±2.42) differed significantly (p<0.05) from those on supplemental PVMP 2 group (18.49 ± 2.43), 3 group (19.66 ± 2.64) and 5 group (20.02 ± 2.64). Eggs weight reduced with increased DOS. Ether extract and ash of eggs from hens in DL were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to those from BC while crude protein in egg from BC was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those from DL. Interactions of BC, PVMP and DOS on egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and weight loss differed, significantly (p˂0.05). Relationships of yolk index and moisture content relative to DOS were negative (R² = 0.908 and R² = 0.631, respectively) and highly significant (p<0.01). Egg qualities were affected by the different HS, dietary PVMP used in layer diets as well as the eggs DOS. 

Keywords

• Vitamin-mineral premixes,Egg quality characteristics,Days of storage

References

1. 1. Patricio, I.S., 2003. Manejo do ovo incubável da grandja ao incubatório. In: Macari M, Gonzales: Facta. Pp. 163-179.
2. 2. Leeson, S., Caston, L., 2003. Vitamin enrichment of eggs. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research; 12:24-26.
3. 3. Asaduzzman, M., Jahan, M.S., Mondol, M.R., Islam, M.A., Sarkar, A.K., 2005. Efficacy of different commercial vitamin-mineral premixes on productive performance of caged laying pullets. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 5889-595.
4. 4. Jones, D. R., Tharrington, J. B., Curtis, P. A., Anderson, K. E., Deener, K. M., Jones, F.T., 2002. Effect of cryogenic cooling of shell eggs on egg quality. Poultry Science. 81: 727- 733.
5. 5. Jacob, J.P., Miles, R.D., Mather, F.B., 2000. Egg quality. University of Florida. http//:edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/PS/PS02000.PDF
6. 6. Ogunwole, O.A., Ojelade, A.Y.P., Oyewo, M.O., Essien, E.A., 2015. Proximate Composition and Physical Characteristics of Eggs from Laying Chickens Fed Different Proprietary Vitamin-Mineral Premixes Under Two Rearing Systems During Storage. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, 5(1) 59-67. doi: 10.5923/j.food.20150501.08.
7. 7. Ogunwole, O. A. 2018. Effects of supplementing laying hens diets with different proprietary vitamin-mineral premixes and housing systems on egg properties and shelf life stability. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45(1): 279-295.
8. 8. Lopez-bote, C.J., Arias, R.S., Rey, A.I., Castano, A., Isabel, B., Thos, J., 1998. Effect of free range feeding on omega-3 fatty acid and alpha-tocopherol content and oxidative stability of eggs. Animal Feed Science Technology, 72:33-40.

9. 9. Van Den Bran, H., Parmentier, H. K., Kemp, B., 2004. Effects of housing systems (outdoor Vs cages) and age of laying hen on egg characteristics. British Poultry Science, 45, 745-752.
10. 10. Basmacioglu, H., Ergul, M., 2005. Research on the factors affecting cholesterol content and some other characteristics of eggs in laying hens. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 29: 157-164.
11. 11. Ojedapo, L.O., 2013. Effect of two housing systems (cages vs deep litters) on external and internal egg characteristics of commercial laying birds reared in derived savanna zone of Nigeria. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology 3(7),1857-8047.
12. 12. Sauver, B., 1991. Effect of method of rearing of fowls on egg characters. Production Animales, 4, 123-130.
13. 13. Kouba, M., 2003. Quality of oraganic products. Livestock Production Science, 80, 33-40.
14. 14. Ogunwole, O.A., Ojelade, A.Y.P., Asuquo, C.E., 2016. Effect of proprietary Vitamin-Mineral Premix and housing systems on deposition of selected vitamins and selenium in chicken eggs at late laying phase. Tropical Veterinarian, 36(3) (Accepted)
15. 15. A0AC. 2000. Official Method of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Int. 17th Edition. 2nd Revision. Gaithersburg,USA.
16. 16. Tyler, C., 1961. Studies on egg shells. XVI. Variations in shell thickness over different parts of the same shell. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 12, 459-470.
17. 17. Bhale, S., No, H.K., Prinyawiwatkul, W., Farr, A.J., Nadarajah, K., Meyers, S.P., 2003. Chitosan coating improves shelf-life of eggs. Journal of Food Science, 68(7): 2378-2383.
18. 18. Haugh, R.R., 1937. The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality. US Egg Poultry Magazine 43:522-555, 572-573.
19. 19. SAS, 1999. SAS/ STAT User’s guide Version 8 for Windows SAS Institute Inc.SAS.
20. 20. Walsh, T.J., Rizk, R.E., Barke, J., 1995. Effect of temperature and carbondioxide on albumen characteristics, weight loss and long stored hatching eggs. Poultry Science. 74: 1003-1010
21. 21. Latshaw, J.D., 1999. Ovomucin content and composition in chicken eggs with different interior quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 79(12): 1666-1670
22. 22. Tabidi, M.H., 2011. Impact of storage period and quality on composition of table egg. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5:856-861.