The Structure of Eggshell and Factors Affecting Shell Quality in Chickens

Abstract

Eggs have the highest quality protein in animal products and are rich in A, D, E, K and B vitamins and mineral substances such as iron and phosphorus. The most important factors that cause the egg to lose its nutritional value are broken egg problems due to the deterioration of the shell quality. Eggshell quality is important for both producer and consumer. The deterioration of the eggshell quality results in increased fracture rate, microbial contamination and shorter shelf life. Eggshell quality is determined by many factors such as genotype, age, oviposition time, ration, water quality, rearing system, stress, temperature and diseases. Knowing the structure of the eggshell and the factors affecting it are important in terms of both reducing economic loss and ensuring healthier egg consumption. In this review, the structure of the chicken eggshell and factors affecting shell quality are summarized.

Keywords

• Chicken,Egg,Shell structure,Shell quality,Calcification

Tavuklarda Yumurta Kabuğunun Yapısı ve Kabuk Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörler

Abstract

Yumurta hayvansal ürünler içerisinde en kaliteli proteine sahip olup A, D, E, K ve B grubu vitaminler ile demir ve fosfor gibi mineral maddeler bakımından da zengindir. Yumurtanın besin değerini kaybetmesine sebep olan önemli faktörlerin başında kabuk kalitesinin bozulmasına bağlı olan kırık yumurta problemleri gelmektedir. Yumurtanın kabuk kalitesi, hem üretici hem de tüketici yönünden oldukça önemlidir. Kabuk kalitesinin kötüleşmesi kırık oranının artmasına bağlı olarak mikrobiyel bulaşmanın artmasına ve raf ömrünün kısalmasına neden olmaktadır. Yumurtanın kabuk kalitesini genotip, yaş, yumurtlama zamanı, rasyon, su kalitesi, yetiştirme sistemi, stres, sıcaklık, nem ve hastalıklar gibi birçok faktör etkilemektedir. Kabuğun yapısı ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin bilinmesi hem ekonomik kaybın azaltılması hem de insanlar tarafından daha sağlıklı yumurta tüketiminin sağlanması açısından önemlidir. Bu derlemede tavuk yumurta kabuğunun yapısı ve kabuk kalitesini etkileyen faktörler özetlenmiştir. 

Keywords

• Tavuk,Yumurta,Kabuk yapısı,Kabuk kalitesi.,Kalsifikasyon

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