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Some Behavioural Characteristics and Social Structure of Chickens

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 34 - 39, 24.07.2018

Abstract

Domestication of poultry is one of the major
developments for humanity, has had a profound effect on to provide protein
needs for humans. Domestication; is a continuous process in which anatomy,
behavior and physiology are modified according to specific needs. Since first domesticated,
chickens have been grown for meat and eggs, and many studies have been done in
recent years on the behavior and welfare of chickens. There are complex
behavioral reactions that chickens have developed against changes in the
physical and sociological environment. Knowing the important behavioral
characteristics of the chickens by the producers will enable the production of
healthier chickens, resulting in higher quality production. In this article,
some behaviors such as nest selection, perching, intra-group relations and
feeding of chicken were discussed.

References

  • 1. Göger, H. 1994. Tavuklarda çeşitli davranım özellikleri ve zorlanım. Teknik Tavukçuluk Dergisi, 81:5-13.
  • 2. Webster, A.B. 2002. Behavior of chickens. In Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production, pp: 71-86, Springer, Boston, MA.
  • 3. Collias, N.E., Collias, E.C., Hunsaker, D., Minning, L. 1966. Locality fixation, mobility and social organization within an unconfined population of Red Jungle Fowl. Anim. Behav., 14: 550-559.
  • 4. Guhl, A.M. 1958. The development of social organisation in the domestic chick. Anim. Behav., 6: 92-111.
  • 5. Krause, E.T., Naguib, M., Trillmich, F., Schrader, L. 2006. The effects of short term enrichment on learning in chickens from a laying strain (Gallus gallus domesticus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 101:318-327.
  • 6. Newberry, R. C., Estevez, I., Keeling, L.J. 2001. Group size and perching behaviour in young domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 73: 117-129.
  • 7. Edgar, J., Held, S., Paul, E., Pettersson, I., Price, R. I. A., Nicol, C. 2015. Social buffering in a bird. Anim. Behav., 105: 11-19.
  • 8. Kent, J.P. 1987. Experiments on the relationship between the hen and chick (Gallus gallus): the role of the auditory mode in recognition and the effects of maternal separation. Behaviour, 102: 1-13.
  • 9. de Haas, E.N., Kemp, B., Bolhuis, J.E., Groothuis, T., Rodenburg, T.B. 2013. Fear, stress, and feather pecking in commercial white and brown laying hen parent-stock flocks and their relationships with production parameters. Poult. Sci., 92: 2259-2269.
  • 10. Gilani, A. M., Knowles, T.G., Nicol, C.J. 2014. Factors affecting ranging behaviour in young and adult laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci., 55: 127-135.
  • 11. Delius, J.D. 1988. Preening and associated comfort behavior in birds. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 525: 40-55.
  • 12. Thuy D.A., Larsen, H., Rault, J.L. 2018. Behavioural repertoire of free‐range laying hens indoors and outdoors, and in relation to distance from the shed. Aust. Vet. J., 96: 99-100.
  • 13. Clayton, D.H., Loye, J.E., Zuk, M. 1991. Coevolution of avian grooming and ectoparasite avoidance bird-parasite interactions, ecology, evolution and behavior. Oxford Oxford University Press, 258-289 pp.
  • 14. Cantarero, A., López-Arrabé, J., Redondo, A.J., Moreno, J. 2013. Behavioural responses to ectoparasites in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca: an experimental study J. Avian Biol., 44: 591-599.
  • 15. Carvalho, R.R., Palme, R., Silva Vasconcellos, A. 2018. An integrated analysis of social stress in laying hens: The interaction between physiology, behaviour, and hierarchy. Behavioural processes, 149: 43-51.
  • 16. Sherwin, C.M., Nicol, C.J., 1993. A descriptive account of the pre-laying behavior of hens housed individually in modified cages with nests. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 38: 49-60.
  • 17. Riber, A.B., 2010. Development with age of nest box use and gregarious nesting in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 123: 24-31.
  • 18. Lentfer, T.L., Gebhardt-Henrich, S.G., Frohlich, E.K.F., von Borell, E., 2011. Influence of nest site on the behaviour of laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 135: 70-77.
  • 19. Perry, G.C., Charles, D.R., Day, P.J., Hartland, J.R., Spencer, P.G., 1971. Egg-laying behaviour in a broiler parent flock. World Poultry Sci. J., 27: 162.
  • 20. Clausen, T., Riber, A.B., 2012. Effect of heterogeneity of nest boxes on occurrence of gregarious nesting in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 142: 168-175.
  • 21. Riber, A.B., Nielsen, B.L., 2013. Changes in position and quality of preferred nest box: Effects on nest box use by laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 148: 185-191.
  • 22. Appleby, M.C., Maguire, S.N., McRae, H.E., 1986. Nesting and floor laying by domestic hens in a commercial flock. Brit. Poultry Sci., 27: 75-82.
  • 23. Appleby, M.C., McRae, H.E., 1986. The individual nest box as a super-stimulus for domestic hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 15: 169-176.
  • 24. Ringgenberg, N., Frohlich, E.K.F., Harlander-Matauschek, A., Toscano, M.J., Wurbel, H., Roth, B.A., 2015. Effects of variation in nest curtain design on pre-laying behaviour of domestic hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 170: 34-43.
  • 25. Riber, A.B., 2012. Gregarious nesting-An anti-predator response in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 138: 70-78.
  • 26. Cooper, J.J., Appleby, M.C., 1994. Individual variation in hens' pre-laying behaviour and the incidence of floor eggs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 41: 271.
  • 27. Cronin, G.M., Barnett, J.L., Storey, T.H., Thomson, P.C., Hemsworth, P.H., 2012. The relationship between pre-laying activity and corticosterone concentrations, and the interpretation for laying hen welfare. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 19-22 February, pp: 168-171.
  • 28. Shimmura, T., Azuma, T., Hirahara, S., Eguchi, Y., Uetake, K., Tanaka, T., 2008. Relation between social order and use of resources in small and large furnished cages for laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 49: 516-524.
  • 29. Appleby, M., Smith, S., Hughes, B., 1993. Nesting, dust bathing and perching by laying hens in cages:effects of design on behaviour and welfare. Brit Poultry Sci., 34: 835-847.
  • 30. Hester, P.Y., Enneking, S.A., Jefferson-Moore, K.Y., Einstein, M.E., Cheng, H.W., Rubin, D.A., 2013. The effect of perches in cages during pullet rearing and egg laying on hen performance, foot health, and plumage. Poultry Sci, 92: 310-320.
  • 31. Appleby, M.C., Duncan, I.J.H., 1989. Development of perching in hens. Biol. Behav, 14: 157-168.
  • 32. Emmans, G.C. 1977. The nutrition intake of laying hens given a choice of diets in relation to their protein requirement. Brit Poultry Sci., 18: 227-236.
  • 33. Forbes, J.M. and Covasa, M. 1995. Aplication of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World Poultry Sci. J., 51: 150-165.
  • 34. Hughes, B.O. 1984. The principle underlying choice feeding behavior in fowls-with special reference to production experiments. World Poultry Sci. J., 40: 141-150.
  • 35. Yenice, E. 2003. Broylerlerin performansı üzerine seçmeli yemlemenin etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 67 s. Ankara.
  • 36. Fanatico, C., Owens-Hanning, C.M., Gunsaulis, V.B., Donoghue, A.M. 2016. Choice feeding of protein concentrate and grain to organic meat chickens, J. Appl. Poultry Res., 25:156-164.
  • 37. Hughes, B. O. 1979. Appetites for specific nutrients. Brit. Poultry Sci., 141-169.
  • 38. Forbes, J. M. 1995. Valuntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. CAB International, Wallingford. Oxon. OX108DE, 520 p., UK.
  • 39. Portella, F.J., Caston, L.J., Leeson, S. 1988. Apparent feed particle size preference by broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 68: 923-930.
  • 40. Kutlu, H.R. 1993. Kanatlı hayvanlarda yem seçimi tekniğine dayalı besleme uygulamaları. Teknik Tavukçuluk Dergisi, Ekim-Aralık 1993: 8-12.
  • 41. Çadırcı, Ş. 2014. Prerequisites for Diet Selection in Poultry. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 18: 53-65.
  • 42. Hughes, B.O., Wood-Gush, D.G.M. 1971. Investigations into specific appetites for sodium and thiamine in domestic fowls. Physiol. Behav., 6: 331-339.
  • 43. Forbes, J.M. 2007. Learning about food: Conditioned Preferences and aversions. In: Voluntary Food Intake and Diet Selection in Farm Animals, 117-143. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon.
  • 44. Kare, M.R., Mason, J.R. 1986. The chemical senses in birds. In: Avian Physiology, edn. 4th. Ed. P. D. Sturkie, pp: 59-73. Springer Verlag, New York.
  • 45. Forbes, J.M., 2010. Palatability: principles, methodology and practice for farm animals. In: Animal Science Reviews, Eds. David Hemming, 229-243. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon.
  • 46. Balog, J.M. and Millar, R.I., 1989. Influence of the sense of taste on broiler chick feed consumption. Poult. Sci., 68: 1519-1526.
  • 47. Jones, R.B., Gentle, M.J. 1985. Olfaction and behavioural modification in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus). Physiol. Behav., 34: 917-924.
  • 48. Hughes, B.O., 1971. Allelomimetic feeding in the domestic fowl. Brit Poultry Sci., 12: 359-366.
  • 49. Covasa, M., Forbes, J.M., 1994. Performance of broiler chickens as affected by split time feeding and wheat-diluted diet. Proceedings of the 9th European Poultry Conference, Vol. 1, 457-458. World Poultry Science Association.
  • 50. Joshua, I.G., Mueller, W.J., 1979. The development of a specific appetite for calcium in growing broiler chicks. Brit. Poultry Sci., 20: 481-490.

Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 34 - 39, 24.07.2018

Abstract

Kümes hayvanlarının evcilleştirilmesi, insanlık için önemli gelişmelerden
biridir ve insanlar için protein ihtiyacı sağlamada büyük etkisi olmuştur.
Evcilleştirme; anatomi, davranış ve fizyolojinin spesifik ihtiyaçlara göre
modifiye edildiği süreklilik arz eden bir süreçtir. İlk evcilleştirilmesinden
beri, tavuklar eti ve yumurtası için yetiştirilmiş ve son yıllarda tavukların
davranışı ve refahı konusunda çok sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Tavukların
fiziksel ve sosyolojik ortamdaki değişimlere karşı geliştirdiği karmaşık
davranışsal tepkiler vardır. Üreticiler tarafından tavuklarının önemli davranış
özelliklerinin bilinmesi, daha sağlıklı tavukların yetiştirilmesini sonuçta
daha fazla ve kaliteli üretim yapılmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu makalede tavuklarda
folluk seçimi, tüneme, grup içi ilişkiler ve beslenme gibi bazı davranış
özellikleri ele alınmıştır. 

References

  • 1. Göger, H. 1994. Tavuklarda çeşitli davranım özellikleri ve zorlanım. Teknik Tavukçuluk Dergisi, 81:5-13.
  • 2. Webster, A.B. 2002. Behavior of chickens. In Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production, pp: 71-86, Springer, Boston, MA.
  • 3. Collias, N.E., Collias, E.C., Hunsaker, D., Minning, L. 1966. Locality fixation, mobility and social organization within an unconfined population of Red Jungle Fowl. Anim. Behav., 14: 550-559.
  • 4. Guhl, A.M. 1958. The development of social organisation in the domestic chick. Anim. Behav., 6: 92-111.
  • 5. Krause, E.T., Naguib, M., Trillmich, F., Schrader, L. 2006. The effects of short term enrichment on learning in chickens from a laying strain (Gallus gallus domesticus). Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 101:318-327.
  • 6. Newberry, R. C., Estevez, I., Keeling, L.J. 2001. Group size and perching behaviour in young domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 73: 117-129.
  • 7. Edgar, J., Held, S., Paul, E., Pettersson, I., Price, R. I. A., Nicol, C. 2015. Social buffering in a bird. Anim. Behav., 105: 11-19.
  • 8. Kent, J.P. 1987. Experiments on the relationship between the hen and chick (Gallus gallus): the role of the auditory mode in recognition and the effects of maternal separation. Behaviour, 102: 1-13.
  • 9. de Haas, E.N., Kemp, B., Bolhuis, J.E., Groothuis, T., Rodenburg, T.B. 2013. Fear, stress, and feather pecking in commercial white and brown laying hen parent-stock flocks and their relationships with production parameters. Poult. Sci., 92: 2259-2269.
  • 10. Gilani, A. M., Knowles, T.G., Nicol, C.J. 2014. Factors affecting ranging behaviour in young and adult laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci., 55: 127-135.
  • 11. Delius, J.D. 1988. Preening and associated comfort behavior in birds. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, 525: 40-55.
  • 12. Thuy D.A., Larsen, H., Rault, J.L. 2018. Behavioural repertoire of free‐range laying hens indoors and outdoors, and in relation to distance from the shed. Aust. Vet. J., 96: 99-100.
  • 13. Clayton, D.H., Loye, J.E., Zuk, M. 1991. Coevolution of avian grooming and ectoparasite avoidance bird-parasite interactions, ecology, evolution and behavior. Oxford Oxford University Press, 258-289 pp.
  • 14. Cantarero, A., López-Arrabé, J., Redondo, A.J., Moreno, J. 2013. Behavioural responses to ectoparasites in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca: an experimental study J. Avian Biol., 44: 591-599.
  • 15. Carvalho, R.R., Palme, R., Silva Vasconcellos, A. 2018. An integrated analysis of social stress in laying hens: The interaction between physiology, behaviour, and hierarchy. Behavioural processes, 149: 43-51.
  • 16. Sherwin, C.M., Nicol, C.J., 1993. A descriptive account of the pre-laying behavior of hens housed individually in modified cages with nests. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 38: 49-60.
  • 17. Riber, A.B., 2010. Development with age of nest box use and gregarious nesting in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 123: 24-31.
  • 18. Lentfer, T.L., Gebhardt-Henrich, S.G., Frohlich, E.K.F., von Borell, E., 2011. Influence of nest site on the behaviour of laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 135: 70-77.
  • 19. Perry, G.C., Charles, D.R., Day, P.J., Hartland, J.R., Spencer, P.G., 1971. Egg-laying behaviour in a broiler parent flock. World Poultry Sci. J., 27: 162.
  • 20. Clausen, T., Riber, A.B., 2012. Effect of heterogeneity of nest boxes on occurrence of gregarious nesting in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 142: 168-175.
  • 21. Riber, A.B., Nielsen, B.L., 2013. Changes in position and quality of preferred nest box: Effects on nest box use by laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 148: 185-191.
  • 22. Appleby, M.C., Maguire, S.N., McRae, H.E., 1986. Nesting and floor laying by domestic hens in a commercial flock. Brit. Poultry Sci., 27: 75-82.
  • 23. Appleby, M.C., McRae, H.E., 1986. The individual nest box as a super-stimulus for domestic hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 15: 169-176.
  • 24. Ringgenberg, N., Frohlich, E.K.F., Harlander-Matauschek, A., Toscano, M.J., Wurbel, H., Roth, B.A., 2015. Effects of variation in nest curtain design on pre-laying behaviour of domestic hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 170: 34-43.
  • 25. Riber, A.B., 2012. Gregarious nesting-An anti-predator response in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 138: 70-78.
  • 26. Cooper, J.J., Appleby, M.C., 1994. Individual variation in hens' pre-laying behaviour and the incidence of floor eggs. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 41: 271.
  • 27. Cronin, G.M., Barnett, J.L., Storey, T.H., Thomson, P.C., Hemsworth, P.H., 2012. The relationship between pre-laying activity and corticosterone concentrations, and the interpretation for laying hen welfare. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 19-22 February, pp: 168-171.
  • 28. Shimmura, T., Azuma, T., Hirahara, S., Eguchi, Y., Uetake, K., Tanaka, T., 2008. Relation between social order and use of resources in small and large furnished cages for laying hens. Brit. Poultry Sci., 49: 516-524.
  • 29. Appleby, M., Smith, S., Hughes, B., 1993. Nesting, dust bathing and perching by laying hens in cages:effects of design on behaviour and welfare. Brit Poultry Sci., 34: 835-847.
  • 30. Hester, P.Y., Enneking, S.A., Jefferson-Moore, K.Y., Einstein, M.E., Cheng, H.W., Rubin, D.A., 2013. The effect of perches in cages during pullet rearing and egg laying on hen performance, foot health, and plumage. Poultry Sci, 92: 310-320.
  • 31. Appleby, M.C., Duncan, I.J.H., 1989. Development of perching in hens. Biol. Behav, 14: 157-168.
  • 32. Emmans, G.C. 1977. The nutrition intake of laying hens given a choice of diets in relation to their protein requirement. Brit Poultry Sci., 18: 227-236.
  • 33. Forbes, J.M. and Covasa, M. 1995. Aplication of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World Poultry Sci. J., 51: 150-165.
  • 34. Hughes, B.O. 1984. The principle underlying choice feeding behavior in fowls-with special reference to production experiments. World Poultry Sci. J., 40: 141-150.
  • 35. Yenice, E. 2003. Broylerlerin performansı üzerine seçmeli yemlemenin etkisi. Doktora Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 67 s. Ankara.
  • 36. Fanatico, C., Owens-Hanning, C.M., Gunsaulis, V.B., Donoghue, A.M. 2016. Choice feeding of protein concentrate and grain to organic meat chickens, J. Appl. Poultry Res., 25:156-164.
  • 37. Hughes, B. O. 1979. Appetites for specific nutrients. Brit. Poultry Sci., 141-169.
  • 38. Forbes, J. M. 1995. Valuntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. CAB International, Wallingford. Oxon. OX108DE, 520 p., UK.
  • 39. Portella, F.J., Caston, L.J., Leeson, S. 1988. Apparent feed particle size preference by broilers. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 68: 923-930.
  • 40. Kutlu, H.R. 1993. Kanatlı hayvanlarda yem seçimi tekniğine dayalı besleme uygulamaları. Teknik Tavukçuluk Dergisi, Ekim-Aralık 1993: 8-12.
  • 41. Çadırcı, Ş. 2014. Prerequisites for Diet Selection in Poultry. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 18: 53-65.
  • 42. Hughes, B.O., Wood-Gush, D.G.M. 1971. Investigations into specific appetites for sodium and thiamine in domestic fowls. Physiol. Behav., 6: 331-339.
  • 43. Forbes, J.M. 2007. Learning about food: Conditioned Preferences and aversions. In: Voluntary Food Intake and Diet Selection in Farm Animals, 117-143. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon.
  • 44. Kare, M.R., Mason, J.R. 1986. The chemical senses in birds. In: Avian Physiology, edn. 4th. Ed. P. D. Sturkie, pp: 59-73. Springer Verlag, New York.
  • 45. Forbes, J.M., 2010. Palatability: principles, methodology and practice for farm animals. In: Animal Science Reviews, Eds. David Hemming, 229-243. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon.
  • 46. Balog, J.M. and Millar, R.I., 1989. Influence of the sense of taste on broiler chick feed consumption. Poult. Sci., 68: 1519-1526.
  • 47. Jones, R.B., Gentle, M.J. 1985. Olfaction and behavioural modification in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus). Physiol. Behav., 34: 917-924.
  • 48. Hughes, B.O., 1971. Allelomimetic feeding in the domestic fowl. Brit Poultry Sci., 12: 359-366.
  • 49. Covasa, M., Forbes, J.M., 1994. Performance of broiler chickens as affected by split time feeding and wheat-diluted diet. Proceedings of the 9th European Poultry Conference, Vol. 1, 457-458. World Poultry Science Association.
  • 50. Joshua, I.G., Mueller, W.J., 1979. The development of a specific appetite for calcium in growing broiler chicks. Brit. Poultry Sci., 20: 481-490.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Hüseyin Göger This is me

Engin Yenice

Publication Date July 24, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Göger, H., & Yenice, E. (2018). Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı. Journal of Poultry Research, 15(1), 34-39.
AMA Göger H, Yenice E. Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı. JPR. July 2018;15(1):34-39.
Chicago Göger, Hüseyin, and Engin Yenice. “Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri Ve Sosyal Yapı”. Journal of Poultry Research 15, no. 1 (July 2018): 34-39.
EndNote Göger H, Yenice E (July 1, 2018) Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı. Journal of Poultry Research 15 1 34–39.
IEEE H. Göger and E. Yenice, “Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı”, JPR, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 34–39, 2018.
ISNAD Göger, Hüseyin - Yenice, Engin. “Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri Ve Sosyal Yapı”. Journal of Poultry Research 15/1 (July 2018), 34-39.
JAMA Göger H, Yenice E. Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı. JPR. 2018;15:34–39.
MLA Göger, Hüseyin and Engin Yenice. “Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri Ve Sosyal Yapı”. Journal of Poultry Research, vol. 15, no. 1, 2018, pp. 34-39.
Vancouver Göger H, Yenice E. Tavuklarda Bazı Davranış Özellikleri ve Sosyal Yapı. JPR. 2018;15(1):34-9.

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