Yumurta Ağırlığını Etkileyen Faktörler

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 39 - 47, 31.12.2019

Hüseyin Göger

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.595162

Abstract

Yumurta tavukçuluğu
sektöründe, yumurta ağırlığı her zaman ekonomik olarak önemli bir özelliktir ve
çeşitli tercihler nedeniyle tüketim üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu
makalenin amacı; yumurta ağırlığını etkileyen faktörler üzerinde yapılmış bazı
araştırmaları gözden geçirmektir. Yumurtacı tavuklar genetik olarak ortalama
bir yumurta ağırlığına sahiptir fakat bu ağırlık üzerinde; canlı ağırlık,
besleme ve aydınlatma programlarının da önemli etkisi olmaktadır. Optimum
yumurta ağırlığını sağlayabilmek için, genetik olmayan faktörler yumurta
üreticileri tarafından kontrol edilebilir.  Cinsel olgunluk ağırlığı ile
yumurta ağırlığı arasında pozitif genetik korelasyon olduğundan, yumurta
ağırlığını etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biri, tavukların cinsel olgunluk
ağırlığıdır. Cinsel olgunluk ağırlığı belirli seviyenin altında olan tavukların
yumurtaları küçük olmaktadır. Tavuklar aydınlığa ve karanlığa karşı duyarlıdır
ve bunun yumurta sayısı ve yumurta ağırlığı üzerinde önemli etkisi vardır.
Yumurta ağırlığı üzerinde rasyonun enerji, yağ,  protein ve amino asit
düzeyleri de etkili olmaktadır. Günümüzde moleküler genetikteki gelişmelere
bağlı olarak, yumurta ağırlığının genetik temelini aydınlatmak amacıyla
araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu derleme, tavukların yumurta ağırlığı ile genetik
yapısı arasındaki ilişkileri araştıran çalışmaları da içermektedir.

Keywords

Canlı ağırlık, Genom, Tavuk, Yumurta ağırlığı, Seleksiyon

Affecting Factors of Egg Weight

Abstract

In layer sector, egg weight is always an
economically important feature and has a critical impact on consumption due to
various preferences. The purpose of this article is to review some researches
on the factors affecting egg weight. Laying hens genetically have an average
egg weight, but on this trait live weight, feeding and lighting programs also
have an important effect. In order to achieve optimal egg weight, non-genetic
factors can be controlled by egg producers. Because there is a positive genetic
correlation between body weight at first egg and egg weight, one of the
important factors that affects egg weight is the hen’s body weight at first
egg. Hens had low body weight at first egg produce small eggs. Hens are
sensitive to light and dark; this phenomenon has a significant effect on number of
produced egg and egg weight. Energy, lipid, protein and amino acid levels of
feed have effects on egg weight. As a result of the advances in molecular
genetics recently, researches have been carried out to elucidate the genetic
basis of egg weight. In addition, this review is including information which
researches on the relationship between egg weight and genetic structure of
chickens.

Keywords

Body weight, Genom, Chicken, Egg weight, Selection

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