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ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA TEKNOFOBİ VE TEKNOFİLİ: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2024, , 422 - 453, 06.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1461945

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Martínez-Corcoles vd. (2017) tarafından geliştirilen, Teknofobi ve Teknofili Ölçeği-TTQ (Technofobia and Technophilia Scales-TTQ)’nun Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı ise aktif olarak çalışma yaşamında rol alan bireylerin teknofobi ve teknofili davranışlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklemi 389 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Güncel ölçeğin Türkçe’ye uyarlanmasında öncelikle çeviri, geri çeviri, uzman görüşlerinin alınarak güncel ölçeğin oluşturulması aşamaları yer almaktadır. Ardından veriler toplanarak pilot uygulama ve ana uygulama aşamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçek geçerliliğinin sağlanmasının tespitinde madde toplam korelasyonları hesaplanmıştır. Ardından açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri yardımıyla yapı geçerliliği analiz edilmiştir. Ölçek güvenilirliği için Cronbach alfa değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer teknofobi ölçeği için (0,953) bulunmuştur. Teknofili ölçeğinde, tüm ölçek için (0,889), teknolojik itibar boyutunda (0,909), coşku boyutunda (0,820), teknoloji bağımlılığı boyutunda (0,844) bulunmuştur. Teknofobi ölçeği için KMO değeri 0,942 bulunmuş olup tek faktörlü ölçeğin toplam varyansın %66,833’ün açıkladığı saptanmıştır. Teknofili ölçeği için KMO değeri 0,875 bulunmuş olup üç faktörlü ölçeğin toplam varyansın %64,481’ini açıkladığı saptanmıştır. Teknofobi ile teknofili ölçekleri arasında yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda, teknofobi ve teknofili arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Çalışanların demografik özelliklerine ve çalıştıkları işletmelerin özelliklerine göre detaylı fark analizleri yapılarak sonuç kısmında yorumlanmıştır.

References

  • Abbasi, F., & Tabatabaee-Yazdi, M. (2021). EFL teachers’ personality traits and their sense of technophobia and technophilia. Journal of Research in Techno-based Language Education, 1(2), 1-14.
  • Ajlouni, A., & Rawadieh, S. (2022). Technophobia and technophilia among undergraduates: Cross-national research in Jordan, Qatar, and Egypt. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 13(4), 24-55.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı (6. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Anthony, L. M., Clarke, M. C., & Anderson, S. J. (2000). Technophobia and personality subtypes in a sample of South African university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0747-5632(99)00050-3
  • Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modeling technophobia: A case for word processing. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(2), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(98)00020-X
  • Browne, M.W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K.A. & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.136–162). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/004.912.41 92021002005
  • Çakir, F. S. (2020). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-SEM) ve bir uygulama. Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Chan, D. W. (2003). Hardiness and its role in the stress–burnout relationship among prospective Chinese teachers in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(4), 381-395.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Sekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Dehon, C., Weems, C. F., Stickle, T. R., Costa, N. M., & Berman, S. L. (2005). A cross-sectional evaluation of the factorial invariance of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents and young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(6), 799-810.
  • Drengson, A. (2010). Four philosophies of technology. In C. Hanks (Ed.), Technology and values: Essential readings (pp. 26-37). Wiley-Blackwell
  • Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers Erefe, İ. (Ed.). (2002). Veri toplama araçlarının niteliği. In Erefe, İ (Ed.), Hemşirelikte araştırma ilke süreç ve yöntemleri (pp. 169-188). Odak Ofset.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (17.0 update, 10/e.). Pearson.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
  • Hannan, A., Hussain, A., & Tab, M. A. (2023). Towards a more general theory of blockchain technology adoption–investigating the role of mass media, social media and technophilia. Technology in Society, 73(102225), 1-9.
  • Jay, T. B. (1981). Computerphobia: what to do about it. Educational Technology, 21(1), 47 – 48.
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. & Bellamy, A. (2014). Technophobia scale. Unpublished work.
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. (2015). The impact of technophobia on technology acceptance and the moderating influence of transformational leadership, organizational climate, and emotional intelligence. (Doctoral Dissertations), The College of Technology, Eastern Michigan University, USA. Erişim adresi: http://commons.emich.edu/theses/773
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. (2018). Technophobia without boarders: The influence of technophobia and emotional intelligence on technology acceptance and the moderating influence of organizational climate. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.007
  • Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of psychological testing (2. baskı). Routledge.
  • Korukonda, A. R. (2005). Personality, individual characteristics, and predisposition to technophobia: some answers, questions, and points to ponder about. Information Sciences, 170(2-4), 309-328. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ins.2004.03.007
  • Kotze, T. G., Anderson, O., & Summerfield, K. (2016). Technophobia: Gender differences in the adoption of high-technology consumer products. South African Journal of Business Management, 47(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i1.49
  • Küçükvardar, M., & Tıngöy, Ö. (2018). Teknoloji bağımlılığının semptomlar temelinde incelenmesi. AJIT-e: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 9(35), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.5824/1309- 1581.2018.5.008.x
  • Marescotti, M. E., Demartini, E., Filippini, R., & Gaviglio, A. (2021). Smart farming in mountain areas: Investigating livestock farmers’ technophobia and technophilia and their perception of innovation. Journal of Rural Studies, 86, 463-472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.015
  • Martínez-Córcoles, M., Teichmann, M., & Murdvee, M. (2017). Assessing technophobia and technophilia: Development and validation of a questionnaire. Technology in Society, 51, 183-188. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2017.09.007
  • Moston, S. (1996). Consumer attitudes and new technologies. London Business School, Centre for Marketing Working Paper, (96-807), 1-16.
  • Nimrod, G. (2018). Technophobia among older internet users. Educational Gerontology, 44(2-3), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601.277.2018.1428145
  • Norman, D. (1990). The design of everyday things. Doubleday Currency.
  • Osiceanu, M. E. (2015). Psychological implications of modern technologies: “technofobia” versus “technophilia”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1137-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.229
  • Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research-principles and methods (7. basım). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Psailla, G., & Wagner, R. (Eds.). (2007). E-commerce and web technologies: 8th International conference, EC￾Web 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-7, 2007, Proceedings (Vol. 4655). Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-540-74563-1
  • Rosen, L. D., & Weil, M. M. (1990). Computers, classroom instruction, and the computerphobic university student. Collegiate Microcomputer, 8(4), 275-83.
  • Rosen, L. D., Sears, D. C., & Weil, M. M. (1992). Measuring technophobia. A manual for the administration and scoring of three instruments: Computer anxiety rating scale (form C), general attitudes toward computers scale (form C) and computer thoughts survey (form C). Computerphobia Reduction Program. Available to order from: http://www. technostress. com/WRmeasorder. htm.
  • Seebauer, S., Stolz, R., & Berger, M. (2015). Technophilia as a driver for using advanced traveler information systems. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 60, 498-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. trc.2015.10.009
  • Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C., & Härter, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00584.x
  • Sinha, N., Singh, P., Gupta, M., & Singh, P. (2020). Robotics at workplace: An integrated Twitter analytics–SEM based approach for behavioral intention to accept. International Journal of InformationManagement, 55(102210), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102210
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (4. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tekinarslan, E. (2008). Computer anxiety: A cross-cultural comparative study of Dutch and Turkish university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1572-1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.05.011
  • Uymaz, A. O. (2020). Beklenen güven ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 5(1), 45-58.
  • Xi, W., Zhang, X., & Ayalon, L. (2022). When less intergenerational closeness helps: The influence of intergenerational physical proximity and technology attributes on technophobia among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107234
  • Yeloğlu, H. O. (2020). Teknofobi. In S. Polatçı (Ed.), Kuramsal temelleriyle örgütsel davranış ölçekleri rehberi (pp. 791-799). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Wasti, S. A. (2000). Meyer ve Allen’ in üç boyutlu örgütsel bağlılık ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizi, 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 401 – 410.
  • Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1995). The psychological impact of technology from a global perspective: A study of technological sophistication and technophobia in university students from twenty-three countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(1), 95-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(94)00026-E.

TECHNOPHOBIA AND TECHNOPHILIA IN WORKPLACE: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY

Year 2024, , 422 - 453, 06.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1461945

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to adapt the Technophobia and Technophilia Scales-TTQ, developed by Martínez-Córcoles et al. (2017), into Turkish. Another aim of the study is to investigate the technophobic and technophilic behaviours of individuals actively engaged in professional workplaces. The sample of the current study comprises 389 individuals. In the adaptation process of the current scale to Turkish, the initial stages involve translation, back-translation, and solicitation of expert opinions to establish the current scale. Subsequently, data collection was conducted, followed by pilot testing and main application phases. Item-total correlations were calculated to ascertain the validity of the scale. Then, construct validity was analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated for scale reliability. This value was found to be (0.953) on the technophobia scale. In the technophilia scale, it was found for the whole scale (0.889), in the technoreputation dimension (0.909), in the enthusiasm dimension (0.820), and the dependency dimension (0.844). The KMO value for the technophobia scale was found to be 0.942, and it was determined that the single-factor scale explained 66.833% of the total variance. The KMO value for the technophilia scale was found to be 0.875, and it was determined that the three-factor scale explained 64.481% of the total variance. The correlation analysis between the technophobia and technophilia scales indicated no significant relationship between technophobia and technophilia (p > 0.05). Lastly, detailed difference analyses (comparing means) were performed based on the demographic characteristics of the employees and the features of the firms they work for. These results were then interpreted in the results and discussion section.

Ethical Statement

Bu makale, Beykent Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’nun 16.02.2023 tarihli ve 74966756 - 331 sayılı kararı ile etik olarak uygun bulunmuştur.

References

  • Abbasi, F., & Tabatabaee-Yazdi, M. (2021). EFL teachers’ personality traits and their sense of technophobia and technophilia. Journal of Research in Techno-based Language Education, 1(2), 1-14.
  • Ajlouni, A., & Rawadieh, S. (2022). Technophobia and technophilia among undergraduates: Cross-national research in Jordan, Qatar, and Egypt. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 13(4), 24-55.
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri SPSS uygulamalı (6. baskı). Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Anthony, L. M., Clarke, M. C., & Anderson, S. J. (2000). Technophobia and personality subtypes in a sample of South African university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0747-5632(99)00050-3
  • Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modeling technophobia: A case for word processing. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(2), 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(98)00020-X
  • Browne, M.W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K.A. & Long, J.S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.136–162). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/004.912.41 92021002005
  • Çakir, F. S. (2020). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (PLS-SEM) ve bir uygulama. Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Chan, D. W. (2003). Hardiness and its role in the stress–burnout relationship among prospective Chinese teachers in Hong Kong. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(4), 381-395.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Sekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • Dehon, C., Weems, C. F., Stickle, T. R., Costa, N. M., & Berman, S. L. (2005). A cross-sectional evaluation of the factorial invariance of anxiety sensitivity in adolescents and young adults. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43(6), 799-810.
  • Drengson, A. (2010). Four philosophies of technology. In C. Hanks (Ed.), Technology and values: Essential readings (pp. 26-37). Wiley-Blackwell
  • Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers Erefe, İ. (Ed.). (2002). Veri toplama araçlarının niteliği. In Erefe, İ (Ed.), Hemşirelikte araştırma ilke süreç ve yöntemleri (pp. 169-188). Odak Ofset.
  • George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (17.0 update, 10/e.). Pearson.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis. Prentice Hall.
  • Hannan, A., Hussain, A., & Tab, M. A. (2023). Towards a more general theory of blockchain technology adoption–investigating the role of mass media, social media and technophilia. Technology in Society, 73(102225), 1-9.
  • Jay, T. B. (1981). Computerphobia: what to do about it. Educational Technology, 21(1), 47 – 48.
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. & Bellamy, A. (2014). Technophobia scale. Unpublished work.
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. (2015). The impact of technophobia on technology acceptance and the moderating influence of transformational leadership, organizational climate, and emotional intelligence. (Doctoral Dissertations), The College of Technology, Eastern Michigan University, USA. Erişim adresi: http://commons.emich.edu/theses/773
  • Khasawneh, O. Y. (2018). Technophobia without boarders: The influence of technophobia and emotional intelligence on technology acceptance and the moderating influence of organizational climate. Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.007
  • Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of psychological testing (2. baskı). Routledge.
  • Korukonda, A. R. (2005). Personality, individual characteristics, and predisposition to technophobia: some answers, questions, and points to ponder about. Information Sciences, 170(2-4), 309-328. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ins.2004.03.007
  • Kotze, T. G., Anderson, O., & Summerfield, K. (2016). Technophobia: Gender differences in the adoption of high-technology consumer products. South African Journal of Business Management, 47(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v47i1.49
  • Küçükvardar, M., & Tıngöy, Ö. (2018). Teknoloji bağımlılığının semptomlar temelinde incelenmesi. AJIT-e: Academic Journal of Information Technology, 9(35), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.5824/1309- 1581.2018.5.008.x
  • Marescotti, M. E., Demartini, E., Filippini, R., & Gaviglio, A. (2021). Smart farming in mountain areas: Investigating livestock farmers’ technophobia and technophilia and their perception of innovation. Journal of Rural Studies, 86, 463-472.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.015
  • Martínez-Córcoles, M., Teichmann, M., & Murdvee, M. (2017). Assessing technophobia and technophilia: Development and validation of a questionnaire. Technology in Society, 51, 183-188. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2017.09.007
  • Moston, S. (1996). Consumer attitudes and new technologies. London Business School, Centre for Marketing Working Paper, (96-807), 1-16.
  • Nimrod, G. (2018). Technophobia among older internet users. Educational Gerontology, 44(2-3), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601.277.2018.1428145
  • Norman, D. (1990). The design of everyday things. Doubleday Currency.
  • Osiceanu, M. E. (2015). Psychological implications of modern technologies: “technofobia” versus “technophilia”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1137-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.229
  • Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research-principles and methods (7. basım). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Psailla, G., & Wagner, R. (Eds.). (2007). E-commerce and web technologies: 8th International conference, EC￾Web 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-7, 2007, Proceedings (Vol. 4655). Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-540-74563-1
  • Rosen, L. D., & Weil, M. M. (1990). Computers, classroom instruction, and the computerphobic university student. Collegiate Microcomputer, 8(4), 275-83.
  • Rosen, L. D., Sears, D. C., & Weil, M. M. (1992). Measuring technophobia. A manual for the administration and scoring of three instruments: Computer anxiety rating scale (form C), general attitudes toward computers scale (form C) and computer thoughts survey (form C). Computerphobia Reduction Program. Available to order from: http://www. technostress. com/WRmeasorder. htm.
  • Seebauer, S., Stolz, R., & Berger, M. (2015). Technophilia as a driver for using advanced traveler information systems. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 60, 498-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. trc.2015.10.009
  • Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C., & Härter, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API). Health Expectations, 13(3), 234-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00584.x
  • Sinha, N., Singh, P., Gupta, M., & Singh, P. (2020). Robotics at workplace: An integrated Twitter analytics–SEM based approach for behavioral intention to accept. International Journal of InformationManagement, 55(102210), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102210
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2010). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi (4. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Tekinarslan, E. (2008). Computer anxiety: A cross-cultural comparative study of Dutch and Turkish university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(4), 1572-1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.05.011
  • Uymaz, A. O. (2020). Beklenen güven ölçeği Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 5(1), 45-58.
  • Xi, W., Zhang, X., & Ayalon, L. (2022). When less intergenerational closeness helps: The influence of intergenerational physical proximity and technology attributes on technophobia among older adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, 107234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107234
  • Yeloğlu, H. O. (2020). Teknofobi. In S. Polatçı (Ed.), Kuramsal temelleriyle örgütsel davranış ölçekleri rehberi (pp. 791-799). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Wasti, S. A. (2000). Meyer ve Allen’ in üç boyutlu örgütsel bağlılık ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizi, 8. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 401 – 410.
  • Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1995). The psychological impact of technology from a global perspective: A study of technological sophistication and technophobia in university students from twenty-three countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(1), 95-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(94)00026-E.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration, Business Systems in Context (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Derya Çelik 0000-0002-7985-9787

Ülkü Uzunçarşılı 0000-0001-7855-2268

Publication Date December 6, 2024
Submission Date April 11, 2024
Acceptance Date July 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Çelik, D., & Uzunçarşılı, Ü. (2024). ÇALIŞMA YAŞAMINDA TEKNOFOBİ VE TEKNOFİLİ: BİR ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI. Journal of Research in Business, 9(2), 422-453. https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1461945