Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

KÜRESEL YENİLİKÇİLİK ENDEKS PUANI GELİRİ NASIL ETKİLER? YENİLİKÇİLİK İÇİN BİR POLİTİKA

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 22.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1022938

Abstract

Yeniliğin rekabet için önemli olduğu bilinmektedir ve ülkelerin yenilikçi sayılabilmesi için birtakım politikaları izlemesi ve adımları atması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin gelirleri ile yenilikçiliğinin bir göstergesi olan Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi'ni (GII) oluşturan faktörlerin ülke geliri ile ilişkisini incelemek ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için bir yol haritası çizmektir. Öncelikle, GII puanını oluşturan ana faktörlerinin ülke geliri üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmek için Basit Doğrusal Regresyon (OLS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra OLS üzerinde anlamlı olmayan faktörlerin, önemli araç değişkenlere sahip olup olmadığını belirlemek için İki Aşamalı En Küçük Kareler (2SLS) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, GII puanını oluşturan tüm ana faktörlerin ülke geliri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak farklı önem seviyelerinde anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Ancak bu faktörlerden sadece yaratıcı çıktı faktörünün gelir ile ters yönde ilişkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, hem gelişmekte olan ülkelere yenilik politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirmeye, hem de yenilikçilik düzeylerini iyileştirmeye yönelik eksikliklerini belirlemede yardımcı olmaktadır. Ülkeler için çok önemli olan faktörlere odaklanma ise onların ekonomik büyümesine daha hızlı ve etkin bir şekilde katkıda bulunmasını sağlayacaktır.

References

  • Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2006). Distance to Frontier, Selection and. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(March), 37–74. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%7B&%7DbtnG=Search%7B&%7Dq=intitle:Distance+to+Frontier,+Selection+and%7B#%7D3
  • Alparslan, A. M., Yastıoğlu, S., & Taş, M. A. (2018). Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. Ege Academic Review, 18(3), 469–481. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.2018341149
  • Amsler, S. S. ., & Bolsmann, C. (2012). University ranking as social exclusion. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(2), 283–301.
  • Bolt, J., Timmer, M., & van Zanden, J. L. (2014). GDP per capita since 1820. In How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820. OECD Publishing.
  • Bravo-Ortega, C., & de Gregorio, J. (2011). The Relative Richness of the Poor? Natural Resources, Human Capital, and Economic Growth. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.648006
  • Brown, R. (2016). Mission impossible? Entrepreneurial universities and peripheral regional innovation systems. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1145575
  • Cornell, INSEAD, & WIPO. (2020). The Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? In and S. W.-V. Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin (Ed.), WIPO.
  • Crenshaw, E., & Robison, K. (2006). Jump-Starting the Internet Revolution: How Structural Conduciveness and Global Connections Help Diffuse the Internet. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00078
  • Cullen, R. (2001). Addressing the digital divide. Online Information Review, 25(5), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520110410517
  • Erkan, B. (2014). the Importance and Determinants of Logistics Performance of Selected Countries. Finance and Banking (JEIEFB) An Online International Monthly Journal, 3(January 2014), 3–6. www.globalbizresearch.comwww.globalbizresearch.com
  • Grassano, N., Hernandez Guevara, H., Tuebke, A., Amoroso, S., Dosso, M., Georgakaki, A. and Pasimeni, F. (2020). The 2020 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, EUR 30519 EN. In Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/203793
  • Gylfason, T., & Zoega, G. (2006). Natural resources and economic growth: The role of investment. World Economy, 29(8), 1091–1115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00807.x
  • Hajek, P., Henriques, R., & Hajkova, V. (2014). Visualising components of regional innovation systems using self-organizing maps-Evidence from European regions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 84, 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.07.013
  • Hargittai, E. (1999). Weaving the Western Web Explaining Differences in Internet Connectivity Among OECD Countries. Telecommunications Policy, 23(10–11), 701–718.
  • Harvie, D., Slater, G., Philp, B., & Wheatley, D. (2009). Economic well-being and british regions: The problem with GDP per capita. Review of Social Economy, 67(4), 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760802245383
  • Heikkila, T., Berardo, R., Weible, C. M., & Yi, H. (2019). A Comparative View of Advocacy Coalitions: Exploring Shale Development Politics in the United States, Argentina, and China. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 21(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2017.1405551
  • Hu, J. L., Yang, C. H., & Chen, C. P. (2014). R&D efficiency and the national innovation system: An international comparison using the distance function approach. Bulletin of Economic Research, 66(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2011.00417.x
  • Jorgenson, D. W., & Vu, K. M. (2013). The emergence of the new economic order: Growth in the G7 and the G20. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(3), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.03.001
  • Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2014). Electricity Consumption, Output, and Trade in Bhutan. ADB South Asia Working Paper Series. ADB South Asia Working Paper Series, 34(December). http://www.adb.org/publications/electricity-consumption-output-and-trade-bhutan
  • Lee, Celia, & Ma, L. (2020). The Role of Policy Labs in Policy Experiment and Knowledge Transfer: A Comparison across the UK, Denmark, and Singapore. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 22(4), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2019.1668657
  • Lee, Chol. (1990). Determinants of National Innovativeness and International Market Segmentation. International Marketing Review, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001534
  • Lee, H., & Park, Y. (2005). An international comparison of R&D efficiency: DEA approach. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 13(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2005.9668614
  • Piketty, T. (2014). Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital(Le Capital Au XXIe Siecle) (A. Berktay (ed.)). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Quibria, M. G., Ahmed, Shamsun N. Tschang, T., Reyes-Macasaquit, & Mari-Len. (2002). Digital Divide: Determinants and Policies with Special Reference to Asia. In ERD Working Paper Series (27, Vol. 36, Issue 4). http://hdl.handle.net/11540/1935
  • Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations (Third Edit). The Free Press.
  • Stern, D. I. (2011). The role of energy in economic growth. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1219(1), 26–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05921.x
  • WEF. (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report 2019. In K. Schwab (Ed.), World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum.
  • White, D. S., Gunasekaran, A., Shea, T. P., & Ariguzo, G. C. (2011). Mapping the global digital divide. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 7(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2011.038512

HOW DOES THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX SCORE AFFECT INCOME? A POLICY FOR INNOVATIVENESS

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 22.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1022938

Abstract

Innovation has been a well-known fact for competition. Countries need to pursue a number of policies and take steps to be considered innovative. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of factors constituting the Global Innovation Index (GII), which serves as an indicator of countries’ innovativeness, to the economic level thereof and to draw a road map for the developing countries. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of the sub-factors that make up the GII score on the countries' GDP per capita. As a result, three factors were found to have a significant effect: Research and development (R&D), the countries' political environments and their general infrastructure have been found to have a significant effect on the economy.
This study not only assists developing countries in determining their innovation policies, but also in identifying their deficiencies in order to improve their innovation levels. Thus, focusing on the factors that contribute the most to the country's economy, it will be possible to contribute to the economic level of the country more quickly and effectively. Since R&D studies are mostly done in universities, universities in particular should provide more resources to this unit. This research is significant because it highlights the need for private universities to develop R&D strategies in order to boost their competitiveness, provide laboratories and infrastructure with the necessary machinery and equipment, and retain outstanding researchers.

References

  • Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P., & Zilibotti, F. (2006). Distance to Frontier, Selection and. Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(March), 37–74. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%7B&%7DbtnG=Search%7B&%7Dq=intitle:Distance+to+Frontier,+Selection+and%7B#%7D3
  • Alparslan, A. M., Yastıoğlu, S., & Taş, M. A. (2018). Ulusal Kültür Özelliklerinin Ülkelerin İnovasyon Düzeylerine Etkisi Üzerine Bir Analiz. Ege Academic Review, 18(3), 469–481. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.2018341149
  • Amsler, S. S. ., & Bolsmann, C. (2012). University ranking as social exclusion. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 33(2), 283–301.
  • Bolt, J., Timmer, M., & van Zanden, J. L. (2014). GDP per capita since 1820. In How Was Life? Global Well-being since 1820. OECD Publishing.
  • Bravo-Ortega, C., & de Gregorio, J. (2011). The Relative Richness of the Poor? Natural Resources, Human Capital, and Economic Growth. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.648006
  • Brown, R. (2016). Mission impossible? Entrepreneurial universities and peripheral regional innovation systems. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1145575
  • Cornell, INSEAD, & WIPO. (2020). The Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? In and S. W.-V. Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin (Ed.), WIPO.
  • Crenshaw, E., & Robison, K. (2006). Jump-Starting the Internet Revolution: How Structural Conduciveness and Global Connections Help Diffuse the Internet. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(1), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00078
  • Cullen, R. (2001). Addressing the digital divide. Online Information Review, 25(5), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/14684520110410517
  • Erkan, B. (2014). the Importance and Determinants of Logistics Performance of Selected Countries. Finance and Banking (JEIEFB) An Online International Monthly Journal, 3(January 2014), 3–6. www.globalbizresearch.comwww.globalbizresearch.com
  • Grassano, N., Hernandez Guevara, H., Tuebke, A., Amoroso, S., Dosso, M., Georgakaki, A. and Pasimeni, F. (2020). The 2020 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, EUR 30519 EN. In Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/203793
  • Gylfason, T., & Zoega, G. (2006). Natural resources and economic growth: The role of investment. World Economy, 29(8), 1091–1115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00807.x
  • Hajek, P., Henriques, R., & Hajkova, V. (2014). Visualising components of regional innovation systems using self-organizing maps-Evidence from European regions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 84, 197–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.07.013
  • Hargittai, E. (1999). Weaving the Western Web Explaining Differences in Internet Connectivity Among OECD Countries. Telecommunications Policy, 23(10–11), 701–718.
  • Harvie, D., Slater, G., Philp, B., & Wheatley, D. (2009). Economic well-being and british regions: The problem with GDP per capita. Review of Social Economy, 67(4), 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760802245383
  • Heikkila, T., Berardo, R., Weible, C. M., & Yi, H. (2019). A Comparative View of Advocacy Coalitions: Exploring Shale Development Politics in the United States, Argentina, and China. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 21(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2017.1405551
  • Hu, J. L., Yang, C. H., & Chen, C. P. (2014). R&D efficiency and the national innovation system: An international comparison using the distance function approach. Bulletin of Economic Research, 66(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2011.00417.x
  • Jorgenson, D. W., & Vu, K. M. (2013). The emergence of the new economic order: Growth in the G7 and the G20. Journal of Policy Modeling, 35(3), 389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2013.03.001
  • Lean, H. H., & Smyth, R. (2014). Electricity Consumption, Output, and Trade in Bhutan. ADB South Asia Working Paper Series. ADB South Asia Working Paper Series, 34(December). http://www.adb.org/publications/electricity-consumption-output-and-trade-bhutan
  • Lee, Celia, & Ma, L. (2020). The Role of Policy Labs in Policy Experiment and Knowledge Transfer: A Comparison across the UK, Denmark, and Singapore. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 22(4), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2019.1668657
  • Lee, Chol. (1990). Determinants of National Innovativeness and International Market Segmentation. International Marketing Review, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000001534
  • Lee, H., & Park, Y. (2005). An international comparison of R&D efficiency: DEA approach. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 13(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2005.9668614
  • Piketty, T. (2014). Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Kapital(Le Capital Au XXIe Siecle) (A. Berktay (ed.)). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Quibria, M. G., Ahmed, Shamsun N. Tschang, T., Reyes-Macasaquit, & Mari-Len. (2002). Digital Divide: Determinants and Policies with Special Reference to Asia. In ERD Working Paper Series (27, Vol. 36, Issue 4). http://hdl.handle.net/11540/1935
  • Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations (Third Edit). The Free Press.
  • Stern, D. I. (2011). The role of energy in economic growth. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1219(1), 26–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05921.x
  • WEF. (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report 2019. In K. Schwab (Ed.), World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum.
  • White, D. S., Gunasekaran, A., Shea, T. P., & Ariguzo, G. C. (2011). Mapping the global digital divide. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 7(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2011.038512
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çiğdem Sıcakyüz 0000-0002-1076-7980

Publication Date June 22, 2023
Submission Date November 12, 2021
Acceptance Date December 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sıcakyüz, Ç. (2023). HOW DOES THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX SCORE AFFECT INCOME? A POLICY FOR INNOVATIVENESS. Journal of Research in Business, 8(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1022938