Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 6, 2027 - 2037, 28.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877
https://izlik.org/JA98NM59AW

Abstract

References

  • [1] Abubakar FI, Abubakar MF, Hassan SHA, Sanusi SB, Kormin F, Sabran SF, Fuzi FZM. Comparison of phytochemicals, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of unripe and ripe fruit of sonneratia caseolaris. Food Res. 2020; 4(2): 507-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).277.
  • [2] Dari DW, Junita D, Arsita Y, Meilina M, Meylani V. Chemical characteristics of juice of mangrove apple (sonneratia caseolaris) sugar. Int http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijflsr.2022.2.1.0023. J Front Life Sci Res. 2022; 02(01): 018-028.
  • [3] Roman-Benn A, Contador CA, Li M, Lam H, Ah-Hen K, Ulloa PE, Ravanal MC. Pectin: an overview of sources, extraction and applications in food products, biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental issues. Food Chem Adv. 2023; 2: 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100192.
  • [4] Liu Y, Dong M, Yang Z, Pan S. Anti-diabetic effect of citrus pectin in diabetic rats and potential mechanism via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.015. J Bio Macromol. 2016; 89: 484-488.
  • [5] Millan-Linares MC, Lapaz SM, Martin ME. Pectins and olive pectins: from biotechnology to human health. Biology. 2021; 10(9): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090860.
  • [6] Chandel V, Biswas D, Roy S, Vaidya D, Verma A, Gupta A. Current advancements in pectin: extraction, properties, and multifunctional applications. Foods. 2022; 11(17): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172683.
  • [7] Patra PA, Basak UC. Physicochemical characterization of pectin extracted from six wild edible fruits in Odisha, India. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2020; 8(2): 402-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.2.05.
  • [8] Munoz-almagro N, Vendrell-Calatayud M, Mendez-Albinana P, Moreno R, Cano MP, Villamiel M. Extraction optimization and structural characterization of pectin from persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki thunb. var. rojo brillante). Carbohyd Polym. 2021; 272: 118411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118411.
  • [9] Jariyah, Murtiningsih, Widyawati A. Optimization of pectin extraction from pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris). J Phys: Conf Ser. 2019; 1569: 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/3/032010.
  • [10] Belkheiri A, Forouhar A, Ursu AV, Dubessay P, Pierre G, Delattre C, Djelveh G, Abdelkafi S, Hamdami N, Michaud P. Extraction, characterization, and applications of pectins from plant by-products. Appl Sci. 2021; 11(14): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146596.
  • [11] Mahmud MM, Belal M, Ahmed S, Hoque MM, Zzaman W. Microwave-assisted extraction and characterization of pectin from citrus fruit wastes for commercial application. Food Res. 2021; 5(5): 80-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).592.
  • [12] Tyagi S, Gupta V, Jain P, Tripathi R. Comparative pharmacognostical and phytochemical account of the peel and pulp of the fruit of C. pepo. Lett Appl NanoBioScience. 2023; 12(4): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/lianbs124.093.
  • [13] Sanadarani MDJC, Prasadi VPN. Value added products from agriculture: extraction of pectin from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) waste. J Food Ind Microbiol. 2018; 4: 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2572-4134.1000125.
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  • [16] Prokhorov P, Luna-Barcenes G, Kumar-Krishnan S, Sanchez RAM, Reyes BEC, Vargas JH. Probing molecular interactions of polysaccharides in the presence of water. J Mol Struct. 2020; 1218: 128531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128531.
  • [17] Susanti S, Legowo AM, Nurwantoro N, Silviana S, Arifan F. Comparing the chemical characteristics of pectin isolated from various indonesian fruit peels. Indones. J Chem. 2021; 21(4): 1057-1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.59799.
  • [18] Lekhuleni I, Kgatla T, Mashau M, Jideani A. Physicochemical properties of south African prickly pear fruit and peel: extraction and characterisation of pectin from the peel. Open Agric. 2021; 6(1): 178-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0216.
  • [19] Jariyah, Kurniati E, Nurherdiana SD. Study of pectin extraction from pedada fruit and kepok banana peel. Adv Food Sci Sustain Agric Agroind Eng. 2022; 5(1): 40-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.4.
  • [20] Mamiru D, Gonfa G. Extraction and characterization of pectin from watermelon rind using acetic acid. Heliyon. 2023; 9(2): e13525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13525.
  • [21] Hamed AARH, Mustafa SE. Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem. 2018; 16(1): 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f160101.
  • [22] Gawkowska D, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Structure-related gelling of pectins and linking with other natural compounds: A review. Polymers(Basel). 2018; 10(7): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070762.
  • [23] Robledo VR, Vazquez LIC. Pectin-extraction, purification, characterization and applications. In: Martin M. (Ed). Pectins-Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications. IntechOpen, London, 2019, pp. 1-19.
  • [24] Dasgupta S, Shah A. A comparative study of functional properties of pectin isolated from different fruit and vagetable source. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2020; 64(2): 141-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v64i02.023.
  • [25] Setyajati E, Prasetyo VK, Husin AS, Ratri MC, Junedi S, Sanjayadi S, Setiawati A. Comparative physicochemical properties of isolated pectin from various tropical fruit peel wastes. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023; 7(2): 2408-2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i2.17.
  • [26] Guzel M, Akpinar O. Valorisation of fruit by-products: production characterization of pectins from fruit peels. Food Bioprod Process. 2019; 115: 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.03.009.
  • [27] Aguilar-Veloz LM, Calderon-Santoyo M, Carvajal-Millan E, Martinez-Robinson K, Ragazzo-Sanchez JA. Artocarpus heterophyllus lam leaf extracts added to pectin-based edible coating for Alternaria sp control in tomato. LWT. 2022; 156: 113022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113022.
  • [28] Konrade D, Gaidukovs S, Vilaplana F, Sivan P. Pectin from fruit-and berry-juice production by-products: determination of physicochemical, antioxidant and reological properties. Foods. 2023; 12(8): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081615.
  • [29] Wathoni N, Shan CY, Shan WY, Rostinawati T, Indradi RB, Pratiwi R, Muchtaridi M. Characterization and antioxidant activity of pectin from Indonesian mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana l.) rind. Heliyon. 2019; 5(8): e02299 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02299.
  • [30] Wathoni N, Yuan Shan C, Yi Shan W, Rostinawati T, Indradi RB, Pratiwi R, Muchtaridi M. Characterization and antioxidant activity of pectin from Indonesian mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) rind. Heliyon. 2019;5(8):e02299. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02299. Erratum in: Heliyon. 2020;6(1):e03074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03074.
  • [31] Koziol A, Sroda-Pomianek K, Gorniak A, Wikiera A, Cyprych, Malik M. Structural determination of pectins by spectroscopy methods. Coatings. 2022; 12(4): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040546.
  • [32] Chen Q, Wang D, Tan C, Hu Y, Sundararajan B, Zhou Z. Profiling of flavonoid and antioxidant activity of fruit tissues from 27 chinese local Citrus cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9(2):196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020196.
  • [33] Zhang Z, He Y, Zhang X. Flavonoid and pectins. In : Martin M. (Ed). Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization And Applications. IntechOpen, London, 2019, pp. 1-17.
  • [34] Ciriminna R, Albanese L, Meneguzzo F, Pagliaro M. Integropectin: a new citrus pectin with uniquely high biological activity. Biol Life Sci Forum. 2021; 6(1): 76-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2021-11199.
  • [35] Chirug P, Nagar EE, Okun Z, Shpigelman. Effect of flavonoid structure and ph on iron-mediated pectin interaction. Food Hydrocoll. 2021; 116: 106654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106654.
  • [36] Gurev A, Cesko T, Cragancea V, Ghendov-Mosanu A, Pintea A, Sturza R. Ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace and its effect on the quality of fruit bars. Foods. 2023; 12(14): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142773.
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  • [38] Bai Y, Gilbert RG. Mechanistic understanding of the effects of pectin on in vivo starch digestion: A review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23): 5107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235107.
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  • [41] Huang Y, Qi J, Liao J, Jiang W, Cao Y, Xiao J, Yang X. Oxalic extraction of high methoxyl pectin and its application as a stabiliser. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2021; 56(10): 5220-5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15135.
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  • [45] Carolina F, Nastiti K, Rizali M. Thin layer chromatography of secondary metabolite profiles and determination of total flavonoid levels of the sawi langit extract that growing on peatlands. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2022; 1(1): 23-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jamaps-0101.427.
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A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 6, 2027 - 2037, 28.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877
https://izlik.org/JA98NM59AW

Abstract

This study investigated pectin's functional properties and bioactivities derived from the peel and the pulp of the mangrove apple fruit, further elucidating its prospective bioactivity against metabolic syndrome through in vitro assessments. The study exhibited a discernible disparity in functional properties and bioactivity between the two pectins (sig < 0.05). The peel and pulp-derived pectins were classified under the high methoxyl pectin category and enriched with flavonoid and phenolic compounds, further showcasing anti-diabetic potential. Such findings underscore the potential of these pectins as therapeutic agents in managing metabolic syndrome.

References

  • [1] Abubakar FI, Abubakar MF, Hassan SHA, Sanusi SB, Kormin F, Sabran SF, Fuzi FZM. Comparison of phytochemicals, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of unripe and ripe fruit of sonneratia caseolaris. Food Res. 2020; 4(2): 507-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).277.
  • [2] Dari DW, Junita D, Arsita Y, Meilina M, Meylani V. Chemical characteristics of juice of mangrove apple (sonneratia caseolaris) sugar. Int http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijflsr.2022.2.1.0023. J Front Life Sci Res. 2022; 02(01): 018-028.
  • [3] Roman-Benn A, Contador CA, Li M, Lam H, Ah-Hen K, Ulloa PE, Ravanal MC. Pectin: an overview of sources, extraction and applications in food products, biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental issues. Food Chem Adv. 2023; 2: 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100192.
  • [4] Liu Y, Dong M, Yang Z, Pan S. Anti-diabetic effect of citrus pectin in diabetic rats and potential mechanism via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.015. J Bio Macromol. 2016; 89: 484-488.
  • [5] Millan-Linares MC, Lapaz SM, Martin ME. Pectins and olive pectins: from biotechnology to human health. Biology. 2021; 10(9): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10090860.
  • [6] Chandel V, Biswas D, Roy S, Vaidya D, Verma A, Gupta A. Current advancements in pectin: extraction, properties, and multifunctional applications. Foods. 2022; 11(17): 2683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11172683.
  • [7] Patra PA, Basak UC. Physicochemical characterization of pectin extracted from six wild edible fruits in Odisha, India. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2020; 8(2): 402-409. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.8.2.05.
  • [8] Munoz-almagro N, Vendrell-Calatayud M, Mendez-Albinana P, Moreno R, Cano MP, Villamiel M. Extraction optimization and structural characterization of pectin from persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki thunb. var. rojo brillante). Carbohyd Polym. 2021; 272: 118411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118411.
  • [9] Jariyah, Murtiningsih, Widyawati A. Optimization of pectin extraction from pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris). J Phys: Conf Ser. 2019; 1569: 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/3/032010.
  • [10] Belkheiri A, Forouhar A, Ursu AV, Dubessay P, Pierre G, Delattre C, Djelveh G, Abdelkafi S, Hamdami N, Michaud P. Extraction, characterization, and applications of pectins from plant by-products. Appl Sci. 2021; 11(14): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146596.
  • [11] Mahmud MM, Belal M, Ahmed S, Hoque MM, Zzaman W. Microwave-assisted extraction and characterization of pectin from citrus fruit wastes for commercial application. Food Res. 2021; 5(5): 80-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(5).592.
  • [12] Tyagi S, Gupta V, Jain P, Tripathi R. Comparative pharmacognostical and phytochemical account of the peel and pulp of the fruit of C. pepo. Lett Appl NanoBioScience. 2023; 12(4): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/lianbs124.093.
  • [13] Sanadarani MDJC, Prasadi VPN. Value added products from agriculture: extraction of pectin from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) waste. J Food Ind Microbiol. 2018; 4: 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2572-4134.1000125.
  • [14] IPPA, Pectin Commercial Production and Pectin In Organic Food Products, International Pectin Producers Association, Brussels, Belgium 2014.
  • [15] Maskey B, Dhakal D, Pradhananga M, Shrestha NK. Extraction and process optimization of beel fruit pectin. Food Sci Nutr. 2018; 6(7): 1927-1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.761.
  • [16] Prokhorov P, Luna-Barcenes G, Kumar-Krishnan S, Sanchez RAM, Reyes BEC, Vargas JH. Probing molecular interactions of polysaccharides in the presence of water. J Mol Struct. 2020; 1218: 128531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128531.
  • [17] Susanti S, Legowo AM, Nurwantoro N, Silviana S, Arifan F. Comparing the chemical characteristics of pectin isolated from various indonesian fruit peels. Indones. J Chem. 2021; 21(4): 1057-1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.59799.
  • [18] Lekhuleni I, Kgatla T, Mashau M, Jideani A. Physicochemical properties of south African prickly pear fruit and peel: extraction and characterisation of pectin from the peel. Open Agric. 2021; 6(1): 178-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2021-0216.
  • [19] Jariyah, Kurniati E, Nurherdiana SD. Study of pectin extraction from pedada fruit and kepok banana peel. Adv Food Sci Sustain Agric Agroind Eng. 2022; 5(1): 40-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.afssaae.2022.005.01.4.
  • [20] Mamiru D, Gonfa G. Extraction and characterization of pectin from watermelon rind using acetic acid. Heliyon. 2023; 9(2): e13525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13525.
  • [21] Hamed AARH, Mustafa SE. Extraction and assessment of pectin from pumpkin peels. Biofarmasi J Nat Prod Biochem. 2018; 16(1): 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f160101.
  • [22] Gawkowska D, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Structure-related gelling of pectins and linking with other natural compounds: A review. Polymers(Basel). 2018; 10(7): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10070762.
  • [23] Robledo VR, Vazquez LIC. Pectin-extraction, purification, characterization and applications. In: Martin M. (Ed). Pectins-Extraction, Purification, Characterization and Applications. IntechOpen, London, 2019, pp. 1-19.
  • [24] Dasgupta S, Shah A. A comparative study of functional properties of pectin isolated from different fruit and vagetable source. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2020; 64(2): 141-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v64i02.023.
  • [25] Setyajati E, Prasetyo VK, Husin AS, Ratri MC, Junedi S, Sanjayadi S, Setiawati A. Comparative physicochemical properties of isolated pectin from various tropical fruit peel wastes. Trop J Nat Prod Res. 2023; 7(2): 2408-2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i2.17.
  • [26] Guzel M, Akpinar O. Valorisation of fruit by-products: production characterization of pectins from fruit peels. Food Bioprod Process. 2019; 115: 126-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2019.03.009.
  • [27] Aguilar-Veloz LM, Calderon-Santoyo M, Carvajal-Millan E, Martinez-Robinson K, Ragazzo-Sanchez JA. Artocarpus heterophyllus lam leaf extracts added to pectin-based edible coating for Alternaria sp control in tomato. LWT. 2022; 156: 113022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113022.
  • [28] Konrade D, Gaidukovs S, Vilaplana F, Sivan P. Pectin from fruit-and berry-juice production by-products: determination of physicochemical, antioxidant and reological properties. Foods. 2023; 12(8): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081615.
  • [29] Wathoni N, Shan CY, Shan WY, Rostinawati T, Indradi RB, Pratiwi R, Muchtaridi M. Characterization and antioxidant activity of pectin from Indonesian mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana l.) rind. Heliyon. 2019; 5(8): e02299 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02299.
  • [30] Wathoni N, Yuan Shan C, Yi Shan W, Rostinawati T, Indradi RB, Pratiwi R, Muchtaridi M. Characterization and antioxidant activity of pectin from Indonesian mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) rind. Heliyon. 2019;5(8):e02299. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02299. Erratum in: Heliyon. 2020;6(1):e03074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03074.
  • [31] Koziol A, Sroda-Pomianek K, Gorniak A, Wikiera A, Cyprych, Malik M. Structural determination of pectins by spectroscopy methods. Coatings. 2022; 12(4): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12040546.
  • [32] Chen Q, Wang D, Tan C, Hu Y, Sundararajan B, Zhou Z. Profiling of flavonoid and antioxidant activity of fruit tissues from 27 chinese local Citrus cultivars. Plants. 2020; 9(2):196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020196.
  • [33] Zhang Z, He Y, Zhang X. Flavonoid and pectins. In : Martin M. (Ed). Pectins - Extraction, Purification, Characterization And Applications. IntechOpen, London, 2019, pp. 1-17.
  • [34] Ciriminna R, Albanese L, Meneguzzo F, Pagliaro M. Integropectin: a new citrus pectin with uniquely high biological activity. Biol Life Sci Forum. 2021; 6(1): 76-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2021-11199.
  • [35] Chirug P, Nagar EE, Okun Z, Shpigelman. Effect of flavonoid structure and ph on iron-mediated pectin interaction. Food Hydrocoll. 2021; 116: 106654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106654.
  • [36] Gurev A, Cesko T, Cragancea V, Ghendov-Mosanu A, Pintea A, Sturza R. Ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace and its effect on the quality of fruit bars. Foods. 2023; 12(14): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142773.
  • [37] Kumar M, Potkule J, Tomar M, Punia S, Singh S, Patil S, Singh S, Ilakiya T, Kaur C, Kennedy JF. Jackfruit seed slimy sheath, a novel source of pectin: studies on antioxidant activity, functional group, and structural morphology. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl. 2021; 2: 100054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100054.
  • [38] Bai Y, Gilbert RG. Mechanistic understanding of the effects of pectin on in vivo starch digestion: A review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(23): 5107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235107.
  • [39] Liang T, Hu J, Song H, Xiong L, Li Y, Zhou Y, Mao L, Tian J, Yan H, Gong E, Fei J, Sun Y, Zhang H, Wang X. Comparative study on physicochemical characteristics, α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, and hypoglycemic activity of pectins from normal and huanglongbing-infected navel orange peels. J Food Biochem. 2022; 46(10): e14280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.14280.
  • [40] Feng Y, Nan H, Zhou H, Xi P, Li B. Mechanism of inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by bavachalcone. Food Sci Technol. 2022; 42: 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.123421.
  • [41] Huang Y, Qi J, Liao J, Jiang W, Cao Y, Xiao J, Yang X. Oxalic extraction of high methoxyl pectin and its application as a stabiliser. Int J Food Sci Technol. 2021; 56(10): 5220-5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15135.
  • [42] AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, eighteenth ed., AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 2005.
  • [43] Tugon TDA, Larasati RD, Adnan S, Sucimilawati E, Agustiani FS, Jaswir I. Characterization of banana peel pectin (musa acuminata colla) as a potential halal pharmaceutical excipient. Indones J Halal Res. 2023; 5(1): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v5i1.21285.
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There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ranisiska Ranisiska This is me 0009-0008-2749-3905

Serti Pare This is me 0009-0006-2294-416X

Embun Sekar Langit This is me 0009-0008-5274-5385

Reni Tri Cahyani This is me 0000-0003-3764-6289

Submission Date December 8, 2023
Acceptance Date February 8, 2024
Publication Date June 28, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877
IZ https://izlik.org/JA98NM59AW
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 28 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Ranisiska, R., Pare, S., Langit, E. S., & Cahyani, R. T. (2025). A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(6), 2027-2037. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877
AMA 1.Ranisiska R, Pare S, Langit ES, Cahyani RT. A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(6):2027-2037. doi:10.29228/jrp.877
Chicago Ranisiska, Ranisiska, Serti Pare, Embun Sekar Langit, and Reni Tri Cahyani. 2025. “A Comparative Study of Pectins from Peel and Pulp of Mangrove Apple Fruit: The Functional Properties and Bioactivities”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 (6): 2027-37. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877.
EndNote Ranisiska R, Pare S, Langit ES, Cahyani RT (July 1, 2025) A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 6 2027–2037.
IEEE [1]R. Ranisiska, S. Pare, E. S. Langit, and R. T. Cahyani, “A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 2027–2037, July 2025, doi: 10.29228/jrp.877.
ISNAD Ranisiska, Ranisiska - Pare, Serti - Langit, Embun Sekar - Cahyani, Reni Tri. “A Comparative Study of Pectins from Peel and Pulp of Mangrove Apple Fruit: The Functional Properties and Bioactivities”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/6 (July 1, 2025): 2027-2037. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.877.
JAMA 1.Ranisiska R, Pare S, Langit ES, Cahyani RT. A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:2027–2037.
MLA Ranisiska, Ranisiska, et al. “A Comparative Study of Pectins from Peel and Pulp of Mangrove Apple Fruit: The Functional Properties and Bioactivities”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 6, July 2025, pp. 2027-3, doi:10.29228/jrp.877.
Vancouver 1.Ranisiska Ranisiska, Serti Pare, Embun Sekar Langit, Reni Tri Cahyani. A comparative study of pectins from peel and pulp of mangrove apple fruit: the functional properties and bioactivities. J. Res. Pharm. 2025 Jul. 1;28(6):2027-3. doi:10.29228/jrp.877