Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study

Eskandar Moghimipour; Arash Tajmal; Hossein Heidari Kaydan; Anayatollah Salimi

Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study

Abstract

Propranolol hydrochloride is a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker. Due to extensive first pass metabolism, it shows variable bioavailability. Up to now, several researches has been conducted regarding its effect on wound healing. Hence, transdermal delivery of this drug could be helpful to overcom the first pass metabolism and delivery of the drug into skin. In this study, the effect of different permeation enhancers namely Isopropyl myristate, Labrafac, Labrafil, Olive oil and Plurol oleique on skin permeability of propranolol through rat skin has been analysed through a Franz cell and by evaluating the parameters like Jss, ERflux, ERD and ERp. The effect of enhancers on skin structure was studied by using FT-IR and DSC techniques. Enhancement mechanisms were evaluated through comparing FT-IR peak intensities for asymmetric and symmetric C-H stretching, ester C=O stretching and Amide peaks. Mean transition temperature (T¬m) as well as their enthalpies (H) studied by DSC technique. It was shown that all the permeation enhancers improved permeability of the drug through rat skin. Among them, Labrafac had more effect on flux having ERflux value of 9.24 and plurol oleique had more effect on ERD having value of 13.99 due to the positive effects on skin lipid-protein structure while Isopropyl myristate has shown the least effect. According to the obtained results, the use of chemical permeation enhancers due to changes the structure of the skin to increase the permeability of the drug can be considered as suitable excipients in transdermal delivery of propranolol.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Eskandar Moghimipour
0000-0002-6686-2485
Iran

Arash Tajmal This is me
0009-0007-4306-9322
Iran

Hossein Heidari Kaydan
0000-0003-0497-354X
Iran

Anayatollah Salimi ^*
0000-0003-1505-7969
Iran

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

March 5, 2022

Acceptance Date

July 31, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Moghimipour, E., Tajmal, A., Kaydan, H. H., & Salimi, A. (2025). Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(1), 67-73. https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX

AMA

1.Moghimipour E, Tajmal A, Kaydan HH, Salimi A. Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(1):67-73. https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX

Chicago

Moghimipour, Eskandar, Arash Tajmal, Hossein Heidari Kaydan, and Anayatollah Salimi. 2025. “Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (1): 67-73. https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX.

EndNote

Moghimipour E, Tajmal A, Kaydan HH, Salimi A (June 1, 2025) Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 1 67–73.

IEEE

[1]E. Moghimipour, A. Tajmal, H. H. Kaydan, and A. Salimi, “Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 67–73, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX

ISNAD

Moghimipour, Eskandar - Tajmal, Arash - Kaydan, Hossein Heidari - Salimi, Anayatollah. “Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/1 (June 1, 2025): 67-73. https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX.

JAMA

1.Moghimipour E, Tajmal A, Kaydan HH, Salimi A. Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:67–73.

MLA

Moghimipour, Eskandar, et al. “Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 1, June 2025, pp. 67-73, https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX.

Vancouver

1.Eskandar Moghimipour, Arash Tajmal, Hossein Heidari Kaydan, Anayatollah Salimi. Analysing the Effect of Permeation Enhancers on the In Vitro Skin Permeability of Propranolol: A Mechanistic Study. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;27(1):67-73. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA42GW55JX