Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis

Jegan Nallamadan; Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam; Chidambaranathan Natarajan; Marihrishnaa Krishnan; Natarajan Parathesia Pillai; Long Chiau Ming; Kai Bin Liew; Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah; Wen Han Chooi

Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis

Abstract

Emesis, a multifaceted physiological response, presents significant challenges in clinical scenarios such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Novel antiemetic interventions are imperative to enhance patient care and well-being. This study investigated the antiemetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract using a comprehensive approach involving phytochemical analysis and animal models of emesis. Using chick model of emesis, male chicks aged 4 days were assigned to groups receiving different treatments, including copper sulfate, clove extract and metoclopramide. The effectiveness of treatments were assessed by monitoring retching frequency and changes in feed intake. Similarly, albino Wistar rats were used modelling emesis in rat and were categorized into groups receiving cisplatin, clove extract and metoclopramide as a standard control. Emetic responses were evaluated through pica behaviour assessment. In the chick model, a single dose of the following drugs was administered, either orally (p.o) or intra-peritoneally (i.p) as following: Copper sulfate at 50mg/kg p.o., Clove extract at 50mg/kg p.o, and Metoclopramide at 100mg/kg i.p. For the rat animal model, a once-daily dosage of cisplatin at 3 mg/kg i.p, metoclopramide at 2.5 mg/kg i.p., and clove extract at 100 mg/kg p.o. for three consecutive days were administered. Phytochemical analysis unveiled the intricate composition of clove extract, with eugenol standing out as a prominent constituent (71.56%). In the chick model, clove extract reduced copper sulfate-induced retching, displaying an impressive 84.63% inhibition rate. Similarly, in the rat model, the extract significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced pica behavior, with a statistically significant reduction in retching instances (P < 0.05). Clove extract's multifaceted antiemetic effects, attributed to eugenol and other bioactive components, provide promising insights for managing emesis. The study's findings hold translational significance, suggesting clove extract's potential as a complementary antiemetic therapy alongside conventional treatments. The identification of eugenol as a key contributor warrants further investigation into molecular mechanisms, offering hope for effectively managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Jegan Nallamadan ^* This is me
0000-0002-7420-0123
India

Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam ^* This is me
0000-0002-6422-8798
Malaysia

Chidambaranathan Natarajan This is me
0000-0003-2491-4651
India

Marihrishnaa Krishnan This is me
0009-0008-8642-9356
India

Natarajan Parathesia Pillai This is me
0000-0002-4450-7220
India

Long Chiau Ming
0000-0002-6971-1383
Malaysia

Kai Bin Liew This is me
0000-0002-3643-3882
Malaysia

Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah This is me
0000-0001-9393-6032
Malaysia

Wen Han Chooi This is me
0000-0003-0937-4351
Malaysia

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

October 7, 2023

Acceptance Date

March 22, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 28 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Nallamadan, J., Kalusalingam, A., Natarajan, C., Krishnan, M., Pillai, N. P., Ming, L. C., Liew, K. B., Abdullah, A. D. I., & Chooi, W. H. (2025). Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(4), 1231-1243. https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE

AMA

1.Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, et al. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(4):1231-1243. https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE

Chicago

Nallamadan, Jegan, Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, Chidambaranathan Natarajan, et al. 2025. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 (4): 1231-43. https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE.

EndNote

Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH (July 1, 2025) Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 4 1231–1243.

IEEE

[1]J. Nallamadan et al., “Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1231–1243, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE

ISNAD

Nallamadan, Jegan - Kalusalingam, Anandarajagopal - Natarajan, Chidambaranathan - Krishnan, Marihrishnaa - Pillai, Natarajan Parathesia - Ming, Long Chiau - Liew, Kai Bin - Abdullah, Amar Daud Iskandar - Chooi, Wen Han. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/4 (July 1, 2025): 1231-1243. https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE.

JAMA

1.Nallamadan J, Kalusalingam A, Natarajan C, Krishnan M, Pillai NP, Ming LC, Liew KB, Abdullah ADI, Chooi WH. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:1231–1243.

MLA

Nallamadan, Jegan, et al. “Evaluation of Anti-Emetic Activity of Syzygium Aromaticum Extracts in Chick and Rat Models of Emesis”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 4, July 2025, pp. 1231-43, https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE.

Vancouver

1.Jegan Nallamadan, Anandarajagopal Kalusalingam, Chidambaranathan Natarajan, Marihrishnaa Krishnan, Natarajan Parathesia Pillai, Long Chiau Ming, Kai Bin Liew, Amar Daud Iskandar Abdullah, Wen Han Chooi. Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;28(4):1231-43. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA29HL76NE