Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

Fatemeh Abdi; Monireh Movahedi; Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje; Laleh Ghanei; Sako Mirzaie

Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes, which is one of the most important health challenges for humankind, is associated with impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetes mellitus (DM) includes two major types of diabetes, type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). In this study, in the beginning, interventional and experimental studies were performed on 45 patients with T2DM, and the modulating effects of vitamin D were evaluated on the biochemical parameters of patients with the restricted diet, consuming metformin or insulin. With regard to our experimental results, the combination treatment of metformin/ vitamin D or insulin/ vitamin D can reduce the fasting blood sugar (FBS). A combination of vitamin D with insulin decreases the insulin resistance and raises the insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM. The combination treatment of vitamin D and metformin led to a decrease in the level of mRNA of GLUT4, and also it’s trafficking from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. At the second phase of the present study, molecular dynamics (MD), molecular docking, MM/PBSA, and QM/MM were occupied to examine the structural behavior of VDR, in the free or ligand bound state, during 50 ns. The MD results exhibited that in the presence of metformin, the flexibility of residues comprising helix 12 from vitamin D-bound VDR was decreased. In addition, metformin decreased the radius of gyration of agonist-bound VDR. In addition, QM/MM results showed that metformin diminished the binding free energy between VDR and vitamin D. Our computational data demonstrated that metformin, in the presence of vitamin D, reinforces the interaction between VDR and its co-activator protein.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Fatemeh Abdi This is me
Iran

Monireh Movahedi ^* This is me
Iran

Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje This is me
Iran

Laleh Ghanei This is me
Iran

Sako Mirzaie ^* This is me
Iran

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

September 11, 2018

Acceptance Date

November 11, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 23 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Abdi, F., Movahedi, M., Alavi Nikje, M. M., Ghanei, L., & Mirzaie, S. (2025). Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 23(3), 360-378. https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG

AMA

1.Abdi F, Movahedi M, Alavi Nikje MM, Ghanei L, Mirzaie S. Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23(3):360-378. https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG

Chicago

Abdi, Fatemeh, Monireh Movahedi, Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje, Laleh Ghanei, and Sako Mirzaie. 2025. “Vitamin D As a Modulating Agent of Metformin and Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 (3): 360-78. https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG.

EndNote

Abdi F, Movahedi M, Alavi Nikje MM, Ghanei L, Mirzaie S (June 1, 2025) Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 3 360–378.

IEEE

[1]F. Abdi, M. Movahedi, M. M. Alavi Nikje, L. Ghanei, and S. Mirzaie, “Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 360–378, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG

ISNAD

Abdi, Fatemeh - Movahedi, Monireh - Alavi Nikje, Mir Mohammad - Ghanei, Laleh - Mirzaie, Sako. “Vitamin D As a Modulating Agent of Metformin and Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23/3 (June 1, 2025): 360-378. https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG.

JAMA

1.Abdi F, Movahedi M, Alavi Nikje MM, Ghanei L, Mirzaie S. Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23:360–378.

MLA

Abdi, Fatemeh, et al. “Vitamin D As a Modulating Agent of Metformin and Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 23, no. 3, June 2025, pp. 360-78, https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG.

Vancouver

1.Fatemeh Abdi, Monireh Movahedi, Mir Mohammad Alavi Nikje, Laleh Ghanei, Sako Mirzaie. Vitamin D as a modulating agent of metformin and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;23(3):360-78. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA22CB44LG