Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design

Gülşen Yilmaz; Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi; Buket Aksu; Gizem Yeğen; Kevser Özgen Özer

Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design

Abstract

Quality by Design (QbD) emerged with quality guidelines issued by the International Council on Harmonization (ICH); is a concept that suggests the quality of product cannot be secured by the finish product tests; product quality should be ensured by starting from risk and scientific based work in process and product development through the whole product life cycle. Statistical studies, which are done by computer program, have important role in today’s pharmaceutical area. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) and GEP (Gene Expression Programming) are modelling techniques can be used for analyzing big amount of data, in understanding the relations between dependent and independent variables affecting product quality and optimizing the formulation variables and process parameters to get the desired product quality continuously. In this study, different etofenamate emulgel formulations were prepared, the quality characteristics determined to be critical were evaluated separately with the ANN, and GEP modeling techniques for the optimization of the formulations examined. During the modeling, the input values were oil type, oil ratio and polymer ratio and the outputs were pH, conductivity, viscosity and flow properties of the emulgels. According to results of pre-formulation studies both of the programs suggested two optimized formulations. Depending on the further studies, the viscosity and rheological behavior showed that both formulations were could apply on skin.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Basic Pharmacology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gülşen Yilmaz This is me
Türkiye

Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi ^*
Türkiye

Buket Aksu
Türkiye

Gizem Yeğen
Türkiye

Kevser Özgen Özer
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

October 4, 2018

Acceptance Date

August 1, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 23 Number: 6

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yilmaz, G., Tuncay Tanrıverdi, S., Aksu, B., Yeğen, G., & Özer, K. Ö. (2025). Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 23(6), 1033-1039. https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX

AMA

1.Yilmaz G, Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Aksu B, Yeğen G, Özer KÖ. Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23(6):1033-1039. https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX

Chicago

Yilmaz, Gülşen, Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi, Buket Aksu, Gizem Yeğen, and Kevser Özgen Özer. 2025. “Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Etofenamate Emulgels Using Quality by Design”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 (6): 1033-39. https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX.

EndNote

Yilmaz G, Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Aksu B, Yeğen G, Özer KÖ (July 1, 2025) Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 6 1033–1039.

IEEE

[1]G. Yilmaz, S. Tuncay Tanrıverdi, B. Aksu, G. Yeğen, and K. Ö. Özer, “Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1033–1039, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX

ISNAD

Yilmaz, Gülşen - Tuncay Tanrıverdi, Sakine - Aksu, Buket - Yeğen, Gizem - Özer, Kevser Özgen. “Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Etofenamate Emulgels Using Quality by Design”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23/6 (July 1, 2025): 1033-1039. https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX.

JAMA

1.Yilmaz G, Tuncay Tanrıverdi S, Aksu B, Yeğen G, Özer KÖ. Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23:1033–1039.

MLA

Yilmaz, Gülşen, et al. “Preparation and in Vitro Characterization of Etofenamate Emulgels Using Quality by Design”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 23, no. 6, July 2025, pp. 1033-9, https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX.

Vancouver

1.Gülşen Yilmaz, Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi, Buket Aksu, Gizem Yeğen, Kevser Özgen Özer. Preparation and in vitro characterization of etofenamate emulgels using quality by design. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;23(6):1033-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA57DH53LX