Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study

Aslı Aktan; Umut Ulaş Tosun; Sema Tuğçe Aydın; Dilruba Baykara; Ayşegül Tiryaki; Canan Ekinci Doğan; Turgut Taşkın; Oğuzhan Gündüz; Ömer Birkan Ağralı

doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1802902

Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study

Abstract

This pilot investigation aimed to examine the impact of different concentrations of indigo naturalis on the cellular viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells. For experimental application on cells, indigo naturalis solutions were prepared at seven varying concentrations (0.025, 0.0375, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.1125 and 0.15 µg/mL) for the purpose of cellular treatment. To evaluate cell viability, cells were seeded in 96-well plates in triplicate for each concentration. Following a 24-hour treatment period with indigo naturalis, cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. The MTT assay revealed no significant difference in the viability of hPDLF cells between the control group and the indigo naturalis-treated groups (P>0.05). While indigo naturalis did not affect cell viability in this study, it provides important insights into the interactions between herbal compounds and hPDLF cells. This study is limited by the use of a single assay and a 24-hour observation period, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings. Further research is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions, investigate potential synergistic effects, and evaluate longer-term impacts on periodontal conditions.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

As this study was conducted using cell cultures, approval from an ethics committee was not required.

Thanks

We would like to thank all the participants. The findings of this study were presented as a poster at the EuroPerio 11 Congress (14-17 May 2025). This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the 2224-A Program for participation in international scientific events.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical Botany

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aslı Aktan
0000-0002-5657-1422
Türkiye

Umut Ulaş Tosun
0000-0002-6494-3054
Türkiye

Sema Tuğçe Aydın
0000-0003-2362-4951
Türkiye

Dilruba Baykara
0000-0003-4451-7960
Türkiye

Ayşegül Tiryaki
0009-0002-1784-9425
Türkiye

Canan Ekinci Doğan
0000-0002-6817-3392
Türkiye

Turgut Taşkın
0000-0001-8475-6478
Türkiye

Oğuzhan Gündüz
0000-0002-9427-7574
Türkiye

Ömer Birkan Ağralı ^*
0000-0003-4472-8370
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 15, 2026

Submission Date

October 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 3, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 30 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1802902

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34UB36GH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Aktan, A., Tosun, U. U., Aydın, S. T., Baykara, D., Tiryaki, A., Ekinci Doğan, C., Taşkın, T., Gündüz, O., & Ağralı, Ö. B. (2026). Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 30(2), 427-433. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1802902

AMA

1.Aktan A, Tosun UU, Aydın ST, et al. Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study. J. Res. Pharm. 2026;30(2):427-433. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1802902

Chicago

Aktan, Aslı, Umut Ulaş Tosun, Sema Tuğçe Aydın, et al. 2026. “Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30 (2): 427-33. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1802902.

EndNote

Aktan A, Tosun UU, Aydın ST, Baykara D, Tiryaki A, Ekinci Doğan C, Taşkın T, Gündüz O, Ağralı ÖB (March 1, 2026) Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30 2 427–433.

IEEE

[1]A. Aktan et al., “Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 427–433, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.12991/jrespharm.1802902.

ISNAD

Aktan, Aslı - Tosun, Umut Ulaş - Aydın, Sema Tuğçe - Baykara, Dilruba - Tiryaki, Ayşegül - Ekinci Doğan, Canan - Taşkın, Turgut - Gündüz, Oğuzhan - Ağralı, Ömer Birkan. “Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30/2 (March 1, 2026): 427-433. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1802902.

JAMA

1.Aktan A, Tosun UU, Aydın ST, Baykara D, Tiryaki A, Ekinci Doğan C, Taşkın T, Gündüz O, Ağralı ÖB. Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study. J. Res. Pharm. 2026;30:427–433.

MLA

Aktan, Aslı, et al. “Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 30, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 427-33, doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1802902.

Vancouver

1.Aslı Aktan, Umut Ulaş Tosun, Sema Tuğçe Aydın, Dilruba Baykara, Ayşegül Tiryaki, Canan Ekinci Doğan, Turgut Taşkın, Oğuzhan Gündüz, Ömer Birkan Ağralı. Assessing the Effect of Indigo Naturalis on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Viability: A Pilot In Vitro Study. J. Res. Pharm. 2026 Mar. 1;30(2):427-33. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1802902