The effect of the ethanolic extract of Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. on the inflammatory, proliferative and maturation stages of wound healing of an acute injury using a rat model

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 81 - 90

Dwi Novrianty Busaeri Yulia Yusrini Djabir , Rina Agustina Gemini Alam , Djulfikri Mewar Syaadatun Nadiah

Abstract

Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. is a plant that is traditionally used for its analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial purposes. This study aimed to determine the wound-healing effects of fractionated L. decumana ethanol extract ointment on the inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases in a rat model of acute injury. L. decumana leaves were extracted with 70% ethanol and then fractionated with n-hexane with a centrifuge. The polar fraction was used in the animal model. Acute injury was induced in four areas on male rats (n=15), which were assigned to receive either Vaseline, 2% L. decumana extract, 4% L. decumana extract, or Myrhax ointment (control). The wound histological assessments during the inflammatory, proliferation, and maturation phases were conducted on day 1, day 4, and day 9 after injury, respectively. The results show that the wound diameter on Day 9 was significantly lower with 4% L. decumana treatment than with Vaseline and 2% L. decumana treatment and was similar to the results of using Myrhax ointment. Histopathological examination showed that during the inflammatory phase, all wounds exhibited edema, leucocytes, and macrophages; however, during the proliferation phase, 4% L. decumana treatment resulted in significantly more granulation and fibroblasts, as well as thicker collagen and faster reepithelialization during the maturation phase compared to Vaseline-only treatment. In conclusion, 4% L. decumana demonstrated a potent wound-healing effect in the rat acute injury model, especially hastening the proliferation and maturation phases of wound healing.

Keywords

Laportea decumana, wound healing, inflammation, proliferation, maturation

References

• [1] Flanagan M. Wound healing and skin integrity: Principles and practice, first ed., John-Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken 2013.
• [2] Laberge A, Arif S, Moulin VJ. Microvesicles: Intercellular messengers in cutaneous wound healing. J Cell Physiol. 2018; 233(8): 5550-5563. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.26426.
• [3] Rex JRS, Muthukumar NMSA, Selvakumar PM. Phytochemicals as a potential source for anti-microbial, anti oxidant and wound healing-a review. MOJ Biorg Org Chem. 2018; 2(2): 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojboc.2018.02.0058.
• [4] Simaremare ES, Tolip MRY, Pratiwi RD. Formulation and effectiveness of analgesic patch from itchy leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd). Curr Appl Sci Technol. 2022; 22(3): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.22.008.
• [5] La Basy L, Santosa D, Murwanti R, Hertiani T. Uncover itchy leaves ethnomedicine usage: A preliminary study on characterization and bioactivity of Laportea Spp. Pharmacogn J. 2022; 14(4): 286-295. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2022.14.98.
• [6] Prabawati R, Putro WAS, La Goa Y, Hardia L, Utami DP. The effectiveness of wound healing Daun Gatal (Laportea Decumana) against mice (Mus Musculus L). Proceedings of the International Colloqium on Environmental Education. 2021; https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hz8be.
• [7] Mewar D, Djabir YY, Alam G. Topical anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Laportea decumana (Roxb) Wedd extract cream in rats. J Res Pharm. 2023; 27(5): 2026–2034. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.482.
• [8] Simaremare ES, Gunawan E, Yarangga I, Satya MD, Yabansabra YR. Antibacterial and toxicity activities itchy leaves (Laportea decumana, Roxb. Wedd) extract. J Phys Conf Ser. 2020; 1503(1): 012041 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1503/1/012041.
• [9] Cañedo-Dorantes L, Cañedo-Ayala M. Skin acute wound healing: a comprehensive review. Int J Inflam. 2019; 2019:3706315. https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2019%2F3706315.
• [10] Tottoli EM, Dorati R, Genta I, Chiesa E, Pisani S, Conti B. Skin wound healing process and new emerging technologies for skin wound care and regeneration. Pharmaceutics. 2020; 12(8): 735. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080735.
• [11] Wilkinson HN, Hardman MJ. Wound healing: Cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes. Open Biol. 2020; 10(9): 200223. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200223.
• [12] Shukla SK, Sharma AK, Gupta V, Yashavarddhan MH. Pharmacological control of inflammation in wound healing. J Tissue Viability. 2019; 28(4): 218–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2019.09.002.
• [13] Jørgensen LB, Sørensen JA, Jemec GBE, Yderstræde KB. Methods to assess area and volume of wounds – a systematic review. Int Wound J. 2016; 13(4): 540–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12472.
• [14[ Yuliana B, Sartini ND, Djabir YY. Wound healing effect of snakehead fish (Channa striata) mucus containing transdermal patch. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2022; 12(07): 171-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2022.120717.
• [15] Raziyeva K, Kim Y, Zharkinbekov Z, Kassymbek K, Jimi S, Saparov A. Immunology of acute and chronic wound healing. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(5): 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11050700.
• [16] Van De Vyver M, Boodhoo K, Frazier T, Hamel K, Kopcewicz M, Levi B, Maartens M, Machcinska S, Nunez J, Pagani C, Rogers E, Walendzik K, Wisniewska J, Gawronska-Kozak B, Gimble JM. Histology scoring system for murine cutaneous wounds. Stem Cells Dev. 2021; 30(23): 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2021.0124.
• [17] Aubdool AA, Brain SD. Neurovascular aspects of skin neurogenic inflammation. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2011; 15(1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2011.8.
• [18] Rosa AC, Fantozzi R. The role of histamine in neurogenic inflammation. Br J Pharmacol. 2013; 170(1): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12266.
• [19] Kim SY, Nair MG. Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity. Immunol Cell Biol. 2019; 97(3): 258 267. https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12236.
• [20] Krzyszczyk P, Schloss R, Palmer A, Berthiaume F. The role of macrophages in acute and chronic wound healing and interventions to promote pro-wound healing phenotypes. Front Physiol. 2018; 9: 419. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00419.
• [21] Dipietro LA, Wilgus TA, Koh TJ. Macrophages in healing wounds: Paradoxes and paradigms. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(2): 950. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020950.
• [22] Van Damme N, Van Hecke A, Remue E, Van den Bussche K, Moore Z, Gefen A, Verhaeghe S, Beeckman D. Physiological processes of inflammation and edema initiated by sustained mechanical loading in subcutaneous tissues: A scoping review. Wound Repair Regen. 2020; 28(2): 242-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12777.
• [23] Reinke JM, Sorg H. Wound repair and regeneration. Eur Surg Res. 2012; 49(1):35-43. https://doi.org/10.1159/000339613.
• [24] Eming SA, Martin P, Tomic-Canic M. Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms, signaling, and translation. Sci Transl Med. 2014; 6(265): 265sr6. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009337.
• [25] Landén NX, Li D, Ståhle M. Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016; 73(20): 3861-3885. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00018-016-2268-0.
• [26] La Basy L, Hertiani T, Murwanti R, Damayanti E. Investigation of Cox-2 inhibition of Laportea decumana (Roxb). Wedd extract to support its analgesic potential. J Ethnopharmacol. 2024; 318(PtA): 116857. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.jep.2023.116857.
• [27] Desjardins-Park HE, Foster DS, Longaker MT. Fibroblasts and wound healing: An update. Regen Med. 2018; 13(5): 491–495. https://doi.org/10.2217/rme-2018-0073.
• [28] Arif S, Attiogbe E, Moulin VJ. Granulation tissue myofibroblasts during normal and pathological skin healing: The interaction between their secretome and the microenvironment. Wound Repair Regen. 2019; 29(4): 563–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/wrr.12919.
• [29] Jiang D, Scharffetter-Kochanek K. Mesenchymal stem cells adaptively respond to environmental cues thereby improving granulation tissue formation and wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020; 8: 697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00697.
• [30] Kim SY, Nair MG. Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity. Immunol Cell Biol. 2019; 97(3): 258 267. https://doi.org//10.1111/imcb.12236.
• [31] Bowden LG, Byrne HM, Maini PK, Moulton DE. A morphoelastic model for dermal wound closure. Immunol Cell Biol. 2016; 15(3): 663–681. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-015-0716-7.
• [32] Nussbaum EL, Mazzulli T, Pritzker KPH, Las Heras F, Jing F, Lilge L. Effects of low intensity laser irradiation during healing of skin lesions in the rat. Lasers Surg Med. 2009; 41(5): 372–381. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20769.