Formulation, characterization Research Article www.jrespharm.com and antidepressant evaluation of phyto-assisted selenium nanoparticles synthesized using Tinospora cordifolia aqueous extract

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 352 - 359

Surya Prakash Gupta Radhika Chaurasia

Abstract

Tinospora cordifolia extracts are extensively used in various herbal preparations for the treatment of
different ailments for its anti-periodic, anti-spasmodic, anti-microbial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic,
anti-allergic, and anti-diabetic properties. In the present investigation the aqueous extract of leaf of Tinospora cordifolia
was used as reducing agent for the synthesis of Selenium nanoparticles. The total phenolic content of the extract was
determined by derivatization with Folin-ciocalteu reagent and measuring the absorbance in UV-visible
spectrophotometer at 765 nm. The SeNPs prepared by reduction of sodium selenite by the extract were assessed in terms
of FTIR, UV absorption, size, and form and antidepressant action using forced swim test in mice. The extract solution
was dark green in color and contained 1.3 ± 0.003 GAE/mg of phenolics. Se NP was produced rapidly with ascorbic acid
as well as Tinospora cordifolia extract. The formation of Se NP is indicated by an absorbance at 226.0 nm in the ultraviolet
spectrum. The FTIR spectrum revealed the stretching and bending vibrations of O-H, C-H, C-C, N-O, C-N, and other
groups due to the presence of phytoconstituent composition. It was discovered that the concentration of the extract, or
reducing agent, had an impact on the size of the Se NP nanoparticles, which ranged in size from 46 to 137 nm. The SEM
images showed smooth particles with a spherical structure. The Se NPs synthesized using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract
exhibited antidepressant action in a concentration dependent manner. The lowest immobility time was depicted by Se
NPE4 (1.115 ± 0.0213 min)..

Keywords

Selenium nanoparticles, Tinospora cordifolia, Biogenic reduction, sodium selenite

References

• [1] Bisht N, Phalswal P, Khanna PK. Selenium nanoparticles: A review on synthesis and biomedical applications. Mater Adv. 2022; 3: 1415-1431. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00639H.
• [2] Nile SH, Thombre D, Shelar A, Gosavi K, Sangshetti J, Zhang W, Sieniawska E, Patil R, Kai G. Antifungal properties of biogenic selenium nanoparticles functionalized with nystatin for the ınhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation. Molecules. 2023; 28(4): 1836. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041836. Se-nanoparticles
• [3] Escobar-Ramírez MC, Castañeda-Ovando A, Pérez-Escalante E, Rodríguez-Serrano GM, Ramírez-Moreno E, Quintero-Lira A, Contreras-López E, Añorve-Morga J, Jaimez-Ordaz J, González-Olivares LG. Antimicrobial activity of from bacterial https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030130.
• [4] Pyrzynska K, Sentkowska A. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using plant extracts. J Nanostruct Chem. 2022; 12: 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00435-4.
• [5] Shahabadi N, Zendehcheshm S, Khademi F. Selenium nanoparticles: Synthesis, in-vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and interaction studies with ct-DNA and HSA, HHb and Cyt c serum proteins. Biotechnol Rep. 2021; 30: e00615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00615.
• [6] Cittrarasu V , Kaliannan D, Dharman K, Maluventhen V, Easwaran M, Liu WC, Balasubramanian B, Arumugam M. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles mediated from Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb extract and its cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, mosquitocidal and photocatalytic activities. Sci Rep. 2021; 11: 1032. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598 020-80327-9.
• [7] Alipour S, Kalari S, Morowvat MH, Sabahi Z, Dehshahri A. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles by Cyanobacterium spirulinaplatensis (abdf2224): Cultivation condition quality controls. BioMed Res Int. 2020; 6635297. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635297.
• [8] Vahdati M, Moghadam VT. Synthesis and characterization of Selenium nanoparticles-lysozyme nanohybrid system with synergistic antibacterial properties. Sci Rep. 2020; 10: 510. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57333-7.
• [9] Boroumand S, Safari M, Shaabani E, Shirzad M, Faridi-Maji R. Selenium nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and study of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Mater Res Express. 2019; 6: 0850d8. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab2558.
• [10] Shubharani R, Mahesh M, YoganandaMurth VN. Biosynthesis and characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of selenium nanoparticles from ethanol extract of bee propolis. J Nanomed Nanotechnol. 2019; 10: 1. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000522.
• [11] Verma P, Maheshwari SK. Preparation of sliver and selenium nanoparticles and ıts characterization by dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2018; 6(4): 182-187. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_3_18.
• [12] Tugarova AV, Mamchenkova PV, Dyatlova YA, Kamnev AA. FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies of selenium nanoparticles synthesised by the bacterium Azospirillum thiophilum. SpectrochimicaActa A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018; 192: 458-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.050.
• [13] Nguyen THD, Vardhanabhuti B, Lin M, Mustapha A. Antibacterial properties of selenium nanoparticles and their toxicity to Caco-2 cells. Food Control. 2017; 77: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.018.
• [14] Yazdi MH, Mahdavi M, Faghfuri E, Faramarzi MA, Sepehrizadeh Z, Hassan ZM, Gholami M, Shahverdi AR. Th1 ımmune response ınduction by biogenic selenium nanoparticles in mice with breast cancer: preliminary vaccine model. Iran J Biotech. 2015; 13(2): e1056. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijb.1056.
• [15] Sharma G, Sharma AR, Bhavesh R, Park J, Ganbold B, Nam J-S, Lee S-S. Biomolecule-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using dried Vitis vinifera (Raisin) extract. Molecules. 2014; 19(3): 2761-2770. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19032761.
• [16] Prasad KS, Selvaraj K. Biogenic synthesis of selenium nanoparticles and their effect on As(III)-ınduced toxicity on human lymphocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014; 157(3): 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9891-0.
• [17] Yazdi MH, Mahdavi M, Setayesh N, Esfandyar M, Shahverdi AR. Selenium nanoparticle-enriched Lactobacillus brevis causes more efficient immune responses in vivo and reduces the liver metastasis in metastatic form of mouse breast cancer. DARU J Pharm Sci 2013; 21: 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-2231-21-33.
• [18] Sharma P, Dwivedee BP, Bisht D, Dash AK, Kumar D. The chemical constituents and diverse pharmacological importance of Tinospora cordifolia. Heliyon 2019; 5(9): e02437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02437.
• [19] Mikhailova EO. Selenium nanoparticles: Green synthesis and biomedical applications. Molecules 2023; 28(24): 8125. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248125.
• [20] Nazir I, Chauhan RS. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera. The Pharm Innov J. 2018; 7(10): 333-336.
• [21] Premnath R, Lakshmidevi N. Studies on Anti-oxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Miers.) leaves using in vitro models. J Am Sci. 2010; 6(10): 736-743.
• [22] Sentkowska A, Pyrzynska K. The ınfluence of synthesis conditions on the antioxidant activity of selenium nanoparticles. Molecules. 2022; 27: 2486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082486.
• [23] Lin ZH, Chris-Wang CR. Evidence on the size-dependent absorption spectral evolution of selenium nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys. 2005; 92: 591–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.02.023.
• [24] Mutalik M, Mutalik M. Tinospora cordifolia: Role in depression, cognition and memory. Aust J Med Herbalism. 2011; 23(4): 168-173
• [25] Singh J, Narwaria US. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory action of Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell. leaf extract. J Pharmacol Biomed. 2021; 5(3):319-325.
• [26] Malviya M, Mishra B, Korde B. Antidepressant molecules: Synthesis and evaluation of novel azetidinone compounds. J Pharmacol Biomed. 2021; 5(2): 286-294.