Assessment of serum Cystatin-C, Cortisol and Aldosterone hormone as markers for early detection of nephropathy among Iraqi patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 469 - 475

Refaa B Al-temimi Amer Hasan Abdullah Noor Thair Tahir

Abstract

Biomarkers which identify Diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients could allow early, more efficient
intervention and management, decreasing patient morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the predictive
value of cystatin-c protein, and the hormones cortisol and aldosterone in detecting DN in a study including 60 patients
with DN under hemodialysis (HD) and other 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were recruited from
AL-Yarmouk, AL-Kindy and AL- Karama Teaching Hospitals’ dialysis center. Serum levels of cystatin-c, cortisol, and
aldosterone were measured for both groups. Serum cystatin-c protein, cortisol and aldosterone hormones levels were
significantly higher in patients with DN under HD when it compared with T2DM patients. Receiver operating
characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to test the cut off values of these biomarkers to predict DN results revealed that
serum cystatin-c, cortisol and aldosterone levels were significantly higher in patients with DN under HD when it
compared with T2DM patients. ROC analysis revealed that the cystatin-C level had the best predictive value in
detecting of DN compared with serum cortisol and aldosterone which indicate that cystatin-C could be used to predict
DN development and progression in patients with T2DM

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic nephropathy, Cystatin-c, Cortisol, Aldosterone

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