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Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 852 - 870

Mimoza Basholli Salihu , Entela Haloci , Toskë Kryeziu , Jehona Ahmeti , Blerta Zogjani , Ufuk Bağcı , Venesa Lupci , Xhevat Jakupi , Andreas Zimmer , Aida Shala

https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1617992

Abstract

This research focuses on the assessment of cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of Thymus capitatus essential oil (TEO) and Origanum vulgare essential oil (OEO), before and after encapsulation in nanoemulsions, prepared utilizing high-pressure homogenization. These plants, indigenous to northern Albania and Mediterranean regions, produce EO with notable biological and cytotoxic activities. However, volatility, poor solubility, and chemical instability limit their practical application. Incorporating these oils into NE aims to enhance their stability and biological activity.
The antimicrobial efficacy of the EO exhibited variability against different strains, showing particular effectiveness against E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 29213, and C. albicans ATCC 10231, with no effect was observed against P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The EO-loaded NE exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF7, DU 145, and HT-29 cancer cell lines compared to the free oil. Encapsulation was found to augment the bioactivity of these volatile oils, with TEO-NE demonstrating superior cytotoxic effects than OEO-NE. Following encapsulation, OEO exhibited superior antimicrobial efficacy relative to TEO against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans.
Our results suggest that NE may enhance the cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential of the EOs, in different manner among EO used. The encapsulation of TEO and OEO in NE shows promising therapeutic potential, although further studies are required. However, these conclusions are drawn from in vitro analyses, underscoring the need for subsequent in vivo studies to ascertain this innovative clinical safety and efficacy.

Keywords

Thymus capitatus Origanum vulgare nanoemulsion MTT Cell Viability Assay antimicrobial activity

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Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 852 - 870

Mimoza Basholli Salihu , Entela Haloci , Toskë Kryeziu , Jehona Ahmeti , Blerta Zogjani , Ufuk Bağcı , Venesa Lupci , Xhevat Jakupi , Andreas Zimmer , Aida Shala

https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1617992

Abstract

References

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There are 75 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mimoza Basholli Salihu

Entela Haloci 0000-0003-2992-8307

Toskë Kryeziu 0000-0002-5591-2520

Jehona Ahmeti 0009-0005-2008-8745

Blerta Zogjani 0009-0006-6766-8808

Ufuk Bağcı

Venesa Lupci 0009-0005-9618-846X

Xhevat Jakupi 0000-0001-9453-596X

Andreas Zimmer

Aida Shala 0000-0003-2640-4356

Publication Date
Submission Date January 23, 2025
Acceptance Date March 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Basholli Salihu, M., Haloci, E., Kryeziu, T., Ahmeti, J., et al. (n.d.). Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 29(2), 852-870. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1617992
AMA Basholli Salihu M, Haloci E, Kryeziu T, Ahmeti J, Zogjani B, Bağcı U, Lupci V, Jakupi X, Zimmer A, Shala A. Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. J. Res. Pharm. 29(2):852-870. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1617992
Chicago Basholli Salihu, Mimoza, Entela Haloci, Toskë Kryeziu, Jehona Ahmeti, Blerta Zogjani, Ufuk Bağcı, Venesa Lupci, Xhevat Jakupi, Andreas Zimmer, and Aida Shala. “Nanoemulsion of Thymus Capitatus and Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil: Stability, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 2 n.d.: 852-70. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1617992.
EndNote Basholli Salihu M, Haloci E, Kryeziu T, Ahmeti J, Zogjani B, Bağcı U, Lupci V, Jakupi X, Zimmer A, Shala A Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29 2 852–870.
IEEE M. Basholli Salihu, “Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 852–870, doi: 10.12991/jrespharm.1617992.
ISNAD Basholli Salihu, Mimoza et al. “Nanoemulsion of Thymus Capitatus and Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil: Stability, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29/2 (n.d.), 852-870. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1617992.
JAMA Basholli Salihu M, Haloci E, Kryeziu T, Ahmeti J, Zogjani B, Bağcı U, Lupci V, Jakupi X, Zimmer A, Shala A. Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. J. Res. Pharm.;29:852–870.
MLA Basholli Salihu, Mimoza et al. “Nanoemulsion of Thymus Capitatus and Origanum Vulgare Essential Oil: Stability, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 852-70, doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1617992.
Vancouver Basholli Salihu M, Haloci E, Kryeziu T, Ahmeti J, Zogjani B, Bağcı U, Lupci V, Jakupi X, Zimmer A, Shala A. Nanoemulsion of Thymus capitatus and Origanum vulgare essential oil: stability, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. J. Res. Pharm. 29(2):852-70.