Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 5, 1972 - 1977, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1764904

Abstract

References

  • [1] Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, Piltonen T, Norman RJ. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(3):364-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004
  • [2] Rocha AL, Oliveira FR, Azevedo RC, Silva VA, Peres TM, Candido AL, Gomes KB, Reis FM. Recent advances in the understanding and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-565. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15318.1
  • [3] Bizzarri M, Carlomagno G. Inositol: history of an effective therapy for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(13):1896-1903.
  • [4] Bevilacqua A, Dragotto J, Giuliani A, Bizzarri M. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol (40:1) reverse histological and functional features of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6):9387-9398. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27623
  • [5] Unfer V, Porcaro G. Updates on the myo-inositol plus D-chiro-inositol combined therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014;7(5):623-631. https://doi.org/10.1586/17512433.2014.925795
  • [6] Bevilacqua A, Bizzarri M. Inositols in Insulin Signaling and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:1968450. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1968450
  • [7] Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Orrù B, Giordani B, Nestler J. Myo-inositol effects in women with PCOS: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(8):647-658. https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0243
  • [8] Kalra B, Kalra S, Sharma JB. The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(5):720- 724. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.189231
  • [9] Cabrera-Cruz H, Oróstica L, Plaza-Parrochia F, Torres-Pinto I, Romero C, Vega M. The insulin-sensitizing mechanism of myo-inositol is associated with AMPK activation and GLUT-4 expression in human endometrial cells exposed to a PCOS environment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(2):E237-e248. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00162.2019
  • [10] Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, Piltonen T, Norman RJ. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1602-1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004
  • [11] Merviel P, James P, Bouée S, Le Guillou M, Rince C, Nachtergaele C, Kerlan V. Impact of myo-inositol treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in assisted reproductive technologies. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01073-3.
  • [12] Greff D, Juhász AE, Váncsa S, Váradi A, Sipos Z, Szinte J, Park S, Hegyi P, Nyirády P, Ács N, Várbíró S, Horváth EM. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01055-z
  • [13] Concerto C, Chiarenza C, Di Francesco A, Natale A, Privitera I, Rodolico A, Trovato A, Aguglia A, Fisicaro F, Pennisi M, Bella R, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, Lanza G. Neurobiology and Applications of Inositol in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023;45(2):1762-1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020113
  • [14] López-Gambero AJ, Sanjuan C, Serrano-Castro PJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. The biomedical uses of ınositols: A nutraceutical approach to metabolic dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomedicines. 2020;8(9):295. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090295
  • [15] Özturan A, Arslan S, Kocaadam B, Elibol E, İmamoğlu İ, Karadağ MG. Effect of inositol and its derivatives on diabetes: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(7):1124-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392926
  • [16] Kamenov Z, Gateva A. Inositols in PCOS. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235566
  • [17] Dinicola S, Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Soulage CO, Greene ND, Bizzarri M, Laganà AS, Chan SY, Bevilacqua A, Pkhaladze L, Benvenga S, Stringaro A, Barbaro D, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bezerra Espinola MS, Cantelmi T, Cavalli P, Chiu TT, Copp AJ, D'Anna R, Dewailly D, Di Lorenzo C, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Hernández Marín I, Hod M, Kamenov Z, Kandaraki E, Monastra G, Montanino Oliva M, Nestler JE, Nordio M, Ozay AC, Papalou O, Porcaro G, Prapas N, Roseff S, Vazquez-Levin M, Vucenik I, Wdowiak A. Inositols: From Established knowledge to novel approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10575. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms221910575
  • [18] Caputo M, Bona E, Leone I, Samà MT, Nuzzo A, Ferrero A, Aimaretti G, Marzullo P, Prodam F. Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside. J Tradit Complement Med. 2020;10(3):252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.005
  • [19] Dinicola S, Minini M, Unfer V, Verna R, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Nutritional and Acquired Deficiencies in Inositol Bioavailability. Correlations with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10):2187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102187
  • [20] Siracusa L, Napoli E, Ruberto G. Novel chemical and biological ınsights of ınositol derivatives in Mediterranean plants. Molecules. 2022;27(5):1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051525
  • [21] Cantelmi T, Lepore E, Unfer VR, Unfer V. Safety of inositol supplementation in patients taking lithium or valproic acid: a pilot clinical study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(19):7269-7276. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202210_29920
  • [22] Regidor PA, Schindler AE, Lesoine B, Druckman R. Management of women with PCOS using myo-inositol and folic acid. New clinical data and review of the literature. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;34(2):/j/hmbci.2018.34.issue- 2/hmbci-2017-0067/hmbci-2017-0067.xml. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2017-0067
  • [23] Haghighi M, Mehdizadeh M, Amjadi F, Zandieh Z, Najafi M, Artimani T, Mohammadi F, Mehdizadeh R. Effects of myo-inositol plus folic acid on ovarian morphology and oocyte quality in PCOS mouse model. Zygote. 2023;31(2):111-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199422000557
  • [24] Gudović A, Bukumirić Z, Milincic M, Pupovac M, Andjić M, Ivanovic K, Spremović-Rađenović S. The comparative effects of myo-ınositol and metformin therapy on the clinical and biochemical parameters of women of normal weight suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomedicines. 2024;12(2):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020349
  • [25] Al-Shammari AH, Abbood ZA, Lateef HF. Assessing the impacts of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2023;14(3):226-228. https://doi.org/10.4103%2FJAPTR.JAPTR_225_23
  • [26] Aldafaay AAA, Abdulamir HA, Abdulhussain HA, Badry AS, Abdulsada AK. The use of urinary α-amylase level in a diagnosis of chronic renal failure. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14(3):1597-1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974- 360X.2021.00283.3

Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role

Year 2025, Volume: 29 Issue: 5, 1972 - 1977, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1764904

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting females of reproductive age. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness among Iraqi doctors regarding the potential role of inositol as a treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in a questionnaire-based study that include 14 specialists in Al-Ameerat Hospital and Al-Bilad Hospital, and 11 board students in the Medical City in Baghdad-Iraq in the duration between November 2022 to April 2023 which revealed that 23 of them (92%) were aware and 20 of them (80%) prescribed inositol for PCOS and 13 of subjects (52%) have reported a response rate of 51-75 toward inositol treatment while 9 participant (36%) reported 26-50% and 3 doctors (36 %) reported a rate of 0-25%. Nine participants (36%) think that the major cause that limits inositol use is the lack of enough studies while 8 participant (32%) have thought that the price is the cause, whereas seven participant (28%) have thought that the undetectable effect of inositol is the cause. Majority of participants (64%) prescribed the normal dose of inositol whereas four participants (16%) have prescribed dose lower than the normal dose firstly that become increased according to the patients’ response and tolerance. It was concluded that majority of the Iraqi doctors were aware of the importance and the significance role of Inositol, and they were prescribing it to their patients who showed a high rate of response but participants also thought that there are many reasons that limit inositol usage widely for PCOS, that include mainly the lack of supporting evidence and the price.

References

  • [1] Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, Piltonen T, Norman RJ. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(3):364-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004
  • [2] Rocha AL, Oliveira FR, Azevedo RC, Silva VA, Peres TM, Candido AL, Gomes KB, Reis FM. Recent advances in the understanding and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. F1000Res. 2019;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-565. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15318.1
  • [3] Bizzarri M, Carlomagno G. Inositol: history of an effective therapy for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014;18(13):1896-1903.
  • [4] Bevilacqua A, Dragotto J, Giuliani A, Bizzarri M. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol (40:1) reverse histological and functional features of polycystic ovary syndrome in a mouse model. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6):9387-9398. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27623
  • [5] Unfer V, Porcaro G. Updates on the myo-inositol plus D-chiro-inositol combined therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014;7(5):623-631. https://doi.org/10.1586/17512433.2014.925795
  • [6] Bevilacqua A, Bizzarri M. Inositols in Insulin Signaling and Glucose Metabolism. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:1968450. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1968450
  • [7] Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Orrù B, Giordani B, Nestler J. Myo-inositol effects in women with PCOS: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocr Connect. 2017;6(8):647-658. https://doi.org/10.1530/ec-17-0243
  • [8] Kalra B, Kalra S, Sharma JB. The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(5):720- 724. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.189231
  • [9] Cabrera-Cruz H, Oróstica L, Plaza-Parrochia F, Torres-Pinto I, Romero C, Vega M. The insulin-sensitizing mechanism of myo-inositol is associated with AMPK activation and GLUT-4 expression in human endometrial cells exposed to a PCOS environment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2020;318(2):E237-e248. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00162.2019
  • [10] Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, Piltonen T, Norman RJ. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1602-1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.004
  • [11] Merviel P, James P, Bouée S, Le Guillou M, Rince C, Nachtergaele C, Kerlan V. Impact of myo-inositol treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in assisted reproductive technologies. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01073-3.
  • [12] Greff D, Juhász AE, Váncsa S, Váradi A, Sipos Z, Szinte J, Park S, Hegyi P, Nyirády P, Ács N, Várbíró S, Horváth EM. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-023-01055-z
  • [13] Concerto C, Chiarenza C, Di Francesco A, Natale A, Privitera I, Rodolico A, Trovato A, Aguglia A, Fisicaro F, Pennisi M, Bella R, Petralia A, Signorelli MS, Lanza G. Neurobiology and Applications of Inositol in Psychiatry: A Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2023;45(2):1762-1778. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020113
  • [14] López-Gambero AJ, Sanjuan C, Serrano-Castro PJ, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. The biomedical uses of ınositols: A nutraceutical approach to metabolic dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomedicines. 2020;8(9):295. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8090295
  • [15] Özturan A, Arslan S, Kocaadam B, Elibol E, İmamoğlu İ, Karadağ MG. Effect of inositol and its derivatives on diabetes: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2019;59(7):1124-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392926
  • [16] Kamenov Z, Gateva A. Inositols in PCOS. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5566. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235566
  • [17] Dinicola S, Unfer V, Facchinetti F, Soulage CO, Greene ND, Bizzarri M, Laganà AS, Chan SY, Bevilacqua A, Pkhaladze L, Benvenga S, Stringaro A, Barbaro D, Appetecchia M, Aragona C, Bezerra Espinola MS, Cantelmi T, Cavalli P, Chiu TT, Copp AJ, D'Anna R, Dewailly D, Di Lorenzo C, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Hernández Marín I, Hod M, Kamenov Z, Kandaraki E, Monastra G, Montanino Oliva M, Nestler JE, Nordio M, Ozay AC, Papalou O, Porcaro G, Prapas N, Roseff S, Vazquez-Levin M, Vucenik I, Wdowiak A. Inositols: From Established knowledge to novel approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10575. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms221910575
  • [18] Caputo M, Bona E, Leone I, Samà MT, Nuzzo A, Ferrero A, Aimaretti G, Marzullo P, Prodam F. Inositols and metabolic disorders: From farm to bedside. J Tradit Complement Med. 2020;10(3):252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.005
  • [19] Dinicola S, Minini M, Unfer V, Verna R, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Nutritional and Acquired Deficiencies in Inositol Bioavailability. Correlations with Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10):2187. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102187
  • [20] Siracusa L, Napoli E, Ruberto G. Novel chemical and biological ınsights of ınositol derivatives in Mediterranean plants. Molecules. 2022;27(5):1525. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051525
  • [21] Cantelmi T, Lepore E, Unfer VR, Unfer V. Safety of inositol supplementation in patients taking lithium or valproic acid: a pilot clinical study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022;26(19):7269-7276. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202210_29920
  • [22] Regidor PA, Schindler AE, Lesoine B, Druckman R. Management of women with PCOS using myo-inositol and folic acid. New clinical data and review of the literature. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 2018;34(2):/j/hmbci.2018.34.issue- 2/hmbci-2017-0067/hmbci-2017-0067.xml. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2017-0067
  • [23] Haghighi M, Mehdizadeh M, Amjadi F, Zandieh Z, Najafi M, Artimani T, Mohammadi F, Mehdizadeh R. Effects of myo-inositol plus folic acid on ovarian morphology and oocyte quality in PCOS mouse model. Zygote. 2023;31(2):111-122. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199422000557
  • [24] Gudović A, Bukumirić Z, Milincic M, Pupovac M, Andjić M, Ivanovic K, Spremović-Rađenović S. The comparative effects of myo-ınositol and metformin therapy on the clinical and biochemical parameters of women of normal weight suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomedicines. 2024;12(2):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020349
  • [25] Al-Shammari AH, Abbood ZA, Lateef HF. Assessing the impacts of L-carnitine and modafinil on fatigue in Iraqi multiple sclerosis patients. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2023;14(3):226-228. https://doi.org/10.4103%2FJAPTR.JAPTR_225_23
  • [26] Aldafaay AAA, Abdulamir HA, Abdulhussain HA, Badry AS, Abdulsada AK. The use of urinary α-amylase level in a diagnosis of chronic renal failure. Res J Pharm Technol. 2021; 14(3):1597-1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974- 360X.2021.00283.3
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmacognosy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Haider M Badea Albadri This is me 0009-0006-5225-3095

Yasir Sj Alrubaye This is me 0000-0001-8452-0465

Haidar A Abdulamir 0000-0003-3262-3061

Publication Date September 1, 2025
Submission Date August 21, 2024
Acceptance Date September 17, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 29 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Albadri, H. M. B., Alrubaye, Y. S., & Abdulamir, H. A. (2025). Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 29(5), 1972-1977. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1764904
AMA Albadri HMB, Alrubaye YS, Abdulamir HA. Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role. J. Res. Pharm. September 2025;29(5):1972-1977. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1764904
Chicago Albadri, Haider M Badea, Yasir Sj Alrubaye, and Haidar A Abdulamir. “Inositol Role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the Awareness of Iraqi Doctors Regarding This Role”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 5 (September 2025): 1972-77. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1764904.
EndNote Albadri HMB, Alrubaye YS, Abdulamir HA (September 1, 2025) Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29 5 1972–1977.
IEEE H. M. B. Albadri, Y. S. Alrubaye, and H. A. Abdulamir, “Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1972–1977, 2025, doi: 10.12991/jrespharm.1764904.
ISNAD Albadri, Haider M Badea et al. “Inositol Role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the Awareness of Iraqi Doctors Regarding This Role”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29/5 (September2025), 1972-1977. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1764904.
JAMA Albadri HMB, Alrubaye YS, Abdulamir HA. Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;29:1972–1977.
MLA Albadri, Haider M Badea et al. “Inositol Role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the Awareness of Iraqi Doctors Regarding This Role”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 29, no. 5, 2025, pp. 1972-7, doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1764904.
Vancouver Albadri HMB, Alrubaye YS, Abdulamir HA. Inositol role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the awareness of Iraqi doctors regarding this role. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;29(5):1972-7.