Determination of Diltiazem Hydrochloride using Paperbased ECL sensor

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 5, 1472 - 1483, 28.06.2025

Hilal Torul

Abstract

In this study, a paper-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was developed for the determination
of diltiazem hydrochloride (DTZ-HCl), which is a vasodilator of the calcium channel blocker. Herein, the ability of DTZ
to act as a co-reactant for Ru(bpy)32+ in the ECL system was utilized. The pharmaceutical dosage forms were studied to
verify the applicability of the developed ECL method. A paper electrode was fabricated by mimicking commercial
screen-printed electrodes (SPE) and decorated with gold nanoparticles by using an electrodeposition technique in order
to enhance the ECL signals. To generate the excited states of the Ru-(bpy)32+/DTZ-HCl pair, the potential in a range
from -0.5 to 1.3 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s was applied by utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) to the gold nanoparticle
decorated paper electrode (AuNPs@PE). The ECL signals were recorded using the μStat ECL potentiostat, which is
controlled by DropView 8400 Software, concurrently. The coefficient of determination and limit of detection obtained
from the standard addition method were found as 0.997 and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the usage of
conventional SPE electrodes confirmed that the results obtained by the developed method were acceptable with the
similarity of 97.2% in terms of average recovery value, for the detection of DTZ-HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
This study is a startup method to develop highly selective paper-based ECL sensors in routine drug analysis that is fast
and low cost.

Keywords

electrochemiluminescence , ECL , paper electrode , diltiazem , pharmaceutical

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