Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

In Vitro Antiviral Efficiency of İvermectin Against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) Virus

Year 2021, , 141 - 147, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1010227

Abstract

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) cause significant economic losses in sheep and goat breeding and are listed as notifiable diseases by the World Animal Health Organization. Although vaccination is the most effective solution for control of PPR, there is no antiviral drug that directly affects the PPR virus (PPRV). In recent years, Ivermectin (IVM), a broad-spectrum antiparasitic, has also shown in vitro antiviral activity against several viruses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiviral efficiency of IVM at the stages of viral replication, cell-attachment and cell-entry of PPRV. To evaluate the efficacy of IVM at the viral-replication stage in Vero cells, the viral titers from PPRV infected cultures treated with non-cytotoxic IVM concentrations (1 and 2,5μM) were compared to titers from PPRV infected cultures without IVM by virus titration assay for 8 days. In the presence of 2,5μM IVM, the mean viral titers at the virus replication stage were significantly reduced by 1,12log10 TCID50/0,1ml (P<0,05). To evaluate the antiviral activity of IVM against PPRV at the cell-attachment and penetration stages, the virus titers of the untreated virus and virus treated with 2,5μM IVM were compared by virus titration assay on day 7 post-infection. As a result of the assays, no change in the viral titer was detected at the cell-attachment, while a decrease in viral titer of 0,37log10 TCID50/0,1ml was detected in the penetration stage. As a result of treatment of PPRV infected cells with 2,5μM IVM, the inhibition rates of infectious virions were determined to be 92,50% in the viral replication, 57,83% in the penetration and 0,00% in the cell-attachment stages. Consequently, the antiviral activity of IVM is predicted to be more effective in the late stages of the PPRV replication. This study has demonstrated that IVM can inhibit PPRV replication and may be potential drug for PPR.

Project Number

119 O 571

References

  • OIE. Peste des Petits Ruminants. Cent Food Secur Public Heal. Published online 2015:1-5. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/
  • OIE, FAO. Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR.; 2015.
  • ICTV. Taxonomic Information-International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://talk.ictvonline.org/.
  • Muniraju M, Munir M, Parthiban AR, et al. Molecular evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(12):2023-2033. doi:10.3201/eid2012.140684
  • ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. https://viralzone.expasy.org/.
  • Baron MD, Parida S, Oura CAL. Peste des petits ruminants: A suitable candidate for eradication? Vet Rec. 2011;169(1):16-21. doi:10.1136/vr.d3947
  • Kgotlele T, Chota A, Chubwa CC, et al. Detection of peste des petits ruminants and concurrent secondary diseases in sheep and goats in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. Comp Clin Path. 2019;28(3):755-759. doi:10.1007/s00580-018-2848-5
  • Zhao H, Njeumi F, Parida S, Benfield CTO. Progress towards eradication of peste des petits ruminants through vaccination. Viruses. 2021;13(1):1-15. doi:10.3390/v13010059
  • Campbell WC, Fisher MH, Stapley EO, Albers-Schonberg G, Jacob TA. Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent. Science (80- ). 1983;221(4613):823-828. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/221/4613/823
  • Wagstaff KM, Sivakumaran H, Heaton SM, Harrich D, Jans DA. Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus. Biochem J. 2012;443(3):851-856. doi:10.1042/BJ20120150
  • Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Wang C, et al. The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin α/β1 heterodimer. Antiviral Res. 2020;177(December 2019):104760. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104760
  • Azeem S, Ashraf M, Rasheed MA, Anjum AA, Hameed R. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of ivermectin against Newcastle disease virus. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(2):597-602.
  • Mastrangelo E, Pezzullo M, De burghgraeve T, et al. Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: New prospects for an old drug. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(8):1884-1894. doi:10.1093/jac/dks147
  • Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antivir Res J. 2020;178(January):104787.
  • Afzal S, Raza S, Rabbani M, Firyal S, Altaf I, Naeem Z. Antiviral Potential of Ivermectin against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV). Pakistan J Zool. Published online 2021:1-4. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20200704060712
  • Naeem Z, Raza S, Afzal S, Sheikh AA, Ali MM, Altaf I. Antiviral potential of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype O, A and Asia-1. Microb Pathog. 2021;155(April):104914. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104914
  • Yesilbag K, Toker EB, Ates O. Ivermectin also inhibits the replication of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BPIV-3, BoHV-1, BCoV and BVDV) in vitro. Virus Res. 2021;297(December 2020):198384. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198384
  • Lv C, Liu W, Wang B, et al. Ivermectin inhibits DNA polymerase UL42 of pseudorabies virus entrance into the nucleus and proliferation of the virus in vitro and vivo. Antiviral Res. 2018;159(August):55-62. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.010
  • Raza S, Shahin F, Zhai W, et al. Ivermectin inhibits bovine herpesvirus 1 DNA polymerase nuclear import and interferes with viral replication. Microorganisms. 2020;8(3):1-15. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8030409
  • Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Gläsker S, et al. Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2016;126:117-124. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012

İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği

Year 2021, , 141 - 147, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1010227

Abstract

Küçük ruminant vebası (PPR), koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliğinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan ve Dünya Hayvan Sağlığı Örgütü tarafından bildirimi zorunlu hastalıklar listesinde yer alan bir hastalıktır. Hastalığı kontrol altında tutmanın en etkili çözümü aşı uygulamaları olsa da, enfeksiyonun ortaya çıktığı durumlarda Küçük ruminant vebası virusuna (PPRV) doğrudan etki gösteren bir antiviral ilaç bulunmamaktadır. Nematodlara karşı uygulanan geniş spektrumlu bir antiparaziter ajan olan ivermektinin (IVM) son yıllarda çeşitli viruslara karşı in vitro antiviral aktiviteye sahip olduğu da bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, PPRV’nin hücreye tutunma, giriş ve replikasyon aşamalarında IVM’in antiviral aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Vero hücrelerinde IVM’nin viral replikasyon aşamasındaki etkinliğini değerlendirmek için, IVM ile muamele edilmeyen ve non-sitotoksik IVM konsantrasyonları (1 ve 2,5 μM) ile tedavi edilen PPRV’nin viral titreleri enfeksiyon sonrası 8 gün boyunca karşılaştırıldı. 2,5 μM IVM varlığında PPRV’nin replikasyon aşamasında ortalama viral titre değerlerinde l,12 log10 DKID50/0,1ml düzeyinde düşüş ile önemli oranda azalma görüldü (P<0.05). Hücreye tutunma ve giriş aşamalarında IVM'nin PPRV’ye karşı antiviral aktivitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla, IVM ile muamele edilmeyen ve 2,5 μM IVM ile muamele edilen virusun viral titreleri, virus ekimini takiben 7. günde virus titrasyon testi aracılığıyla karşılaştırıldı. Testler sonucunda hücreye tutunma aşamasında viral titrede bir değişiklik saptanmazken, hücreye giriş (penetrasyon) aşaması testlerinde viral titre değerinde 0,37 log10 DKID50/0,1ml düzeyinde bir düşüş belirlendi. PPRV’nin 2,5 μM IVM ile muamelesi sonucunda enfeksiyöz virionların inhibisyon oranları viral replikasyon aşamasında %92,50, hücreye giriş aşamasında %57,83 ve hücreye tutunma aşamasında %0,00 olarak belirlendi. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, IVM’nin antiviral etkinliğinin PPRV çoğalma siklusunun geç aşamalarında daha etkili olduğu öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışma, IVM’nin PPRV’yi inhibe edebildiğini ve IVM’nin bir anti-PPRV ilacı olma potansiyeline sahip olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu

Project Number

119 O 571

Thanks

Dr. E.B. Toker, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu tarafından doktora sonrası araştırmacı olarak desteklenmektedir (TÜBİTAK, Proje No: 119 O 571). Peste des petits ruminants virusunun temin edilmesi aşamasındaki yardımları için VETAL Hayvan Sağlığı Ürünleri A.Ş.'ye (Adıyaman, Türkiye) teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • OIE. Peste des Petits Ruminants. Cent Food Secur Public Heal. Published online 2015:1-5. https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/
  • OIE, FAO. Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR.; 2015.
  • ICTV. Taxonomic Information-International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://talk.ictvonline.org/.
  • Muniraju M, Munir M, Parthiban AR, et al. Molecular evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(12):2023-2033. doi:10.3201/eid2012.140684
  • ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. https://viralzone.expasy.org/.
  • Baron MD, Parida S, Oura CAL. Peste des petits ruminants: A suitable candidate for eradication? Vet Rec. 2011;169(1):16-21. doi:10.1136/vr.d3947
  • Kgotlele T, Chota A, Chubwa CC, et al. Detection of peste des petits ruminants and concurrent secondary diseases in sheep and goats in Ngorongoro district, Tanzania. Comp Clin Path. 2019;28(3):755-759. doi:10.1007/s00580-018-2848-5
  • Zhao H, Njeumi F, Parida S, Benfield CTO. Progress towards eradication of peste des petits ruminants through vaccination. Viruses. 2021;13(1):1-15. doi:10.3390/v13010059
  • Campbell WC, Fisher MH, Stapley EO, Albers-Schonberg G, Jacob TA. Ivermectin: a potent new antiparasitic agent. Science (80- ). 1983;221(4613):823-828. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/221/4613/823
  • Wagstaff KM, Sivakumaran H, Heaton SM, Harrich D, Jans DA. Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus. Biochem J. 2012;443(3):851-856. doi:10.1042/BJ20120150
  • Yang SNY, Atkinson SC, Wang C, et al. The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin α/β1 heterodimer. Antiviral Res. 2020;177(December 2019):104760. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104760
  • Azeem S, Ashraf M, Rasheed MA, Anjum AA, Hameed R. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of ivermectin against Newcastle disease virus. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2015;28(2):597-602.
  • Mastrangelo E, Pezzullo M, De burghgraeve T, et al. Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: New prospects for an old drug. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(8):1884-1894. doi:10.1093/jac/dks147
  • Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antivir Res J. 2020;178(January):104787.
  • Afzal S, Raza S, Rabbani M, Firyal S, Altaf I, Naeem Z. Antiviral Potential of Ivermectin against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV). Pakistan J Zool. Published online 2021:1-4. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20200704060712
  • Naeem Z, Raza S, Afzal S, Sheikh AA, Ali MM, Altaf I. Antiviral potential of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype O, A and Asia-1. Microb Pathog. 2021;155(April):104914. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104914
  • Yesilbag K, Toker EB, Ates O. Ivermectin also inhibits the replication of bovine respiratory viruses (BRSV, BPIV-3, BoHV-1, BCoV and BVDV) in vitro. Virus Res. 2021;297(December 2020):198384. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198384
  • Lv C, Liu W, Wang B, et al. Ivermectin inhibits DNA polymerase UL42 of pseudorabies virus entrance into the nucleus and proliferation of the virus in vitro and vivo. Antiviral Res. 2018;159(August):55-62. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.010
  • Raza S, Shahin F, Zhai W, et al. Ivermectin inhibits bovine herpesvirus 1 DNA polymerase nuclear import and interferes with viral replication. Microorganisms. 2020;8(3):1-15. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8030409
  • Varghese FS, Kaukinen P, Gläsker S, et al. Discovery of berberine, abamectin and ivermectin as antivirals against chikungunya and other alphaviruses. Antiviral Res. 2016;126:117-124. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.012
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eda Baldan Toker 0000-0003-2468-3945

Özer Ateş 0000-0001-7676-9033

Kadir Yeşilbağ 0000-0003-1793-6879

Project Number 119 O 571
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date December 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Toker, E. B., Ateş, Ö., & Yeşilbağ, K. (2021). İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, 40(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1010227
AMA Toker EB, Ateş Ö, Yeşilbağ K. İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği. J Res Vet Med. December 2021;40(2):141-147. doi:10.30782/jrvm.1010227
Chicago Toker, Eda Baldan, Özer Ateş, and Kadir Yeşilbağ. “İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 40, no. 2 (December 2021): 141-47. https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1010227.
EndNote Toker EB, Ateş Ö, Yeşilbağ K (December 1, 2021) İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 40 2 141–147.
IEEE E. B. Toker, Ö. Ateş, and K. Yeşilbağ, “İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği”, J Res Vet Med, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 141–147, 2021, doi: 10.30782/jrvm.1010227.
ISNAD Toker, Eda Baldan et al. “İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine 40/2 (December 2021), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1010227.
JAMA Toker EB, Ateş Ö, Yeşilbağ K. İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği. J Res Vet Med. 2021;40:141–147.
MLA Toker, Eda Baldan et al. “İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği”. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, vol. 40, no. 2, 2021, pp. 141-7, doi:10.30782/jrvm.1010227.
Vancouver Toker EB, Ateş Ö, Yeşilbağ K. İvermektinin Küçük Ruminant Vebası (PPR) Virusuna Karşı İn Vitro Antiviral Etkinliği. J Res Vet Med. 2021;40(2):141-7.