Macroscopic and Microscopic Development of the Stomach in Hamdani Crossbred Sheep Fetuses (Ovis aries)

Abstract

The ruminant stomach is a critical digestive department in terms of converting low-quality feed into high nutrient-value substances. In these animals, there is a compound stomach structure with 4 compartments. Understanding the developmental structure of the stomach at macroscopic and microscopic levels is especially important in terms of nutrition. Türkiye can be considered one of the leading countries in the world in terms of sheep breeding. Our study aimed to investigate macroscopically and microscopically the developmental structures of the stomach of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses collected at different gestation periods. For this purpose, a total of 15 fetuses, 5 fetuses each from 3 different periods of pregnancy, were included in the study. The stomachs of the fetuses were dissected simultaneously and their topographic and macroscopic features were determined. After routine histological procedures, the stomachs separated from the body cavities were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson Trichrome stains. As a result of the study, macroscopic and microscopic information about fetal development of the stomach was obtained. It was revealed macroscopically and microscopically that the rumen was the largest part of the stomach until the middle of the 2nd period of gestation, and that the abomasum grew rapidly at the end of this period and showed similar characteristics to the adult sheep stomach. The data of the study will contribute to macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrasonographic studies on the stomach in ruminant animals.

Keywords

• Fetus
• Hamdani sheep
• histology
• morphology
• stomach

References

1. 1. Lombardi G. Optimum management and quality pastures for sheep and goat in mountain areas. Cah Options Mediterr. 2005;67:19–29.
2. 2. Kalenberg CA, Stoffel MH. The embryonic development of the bovine stomach revisited. Anat Histol Embryol. 2020;49(2):270-280. doi:10.1111/ahe.12525
3. 3. Schummer A, Nickel R. Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere. 3th edn Vol II. Verlag. pp. 149–173. Paul Parey: Berlin. 1975.
4. 4. Teixeira A, Wedel T, Krammer H, Kuhnel W. Structural differences of the enteric nervous system in the cattle forestomach revealed by whole mount immunohistochemistry. Ann Anat. 1998;180:393-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(98)80099-X
5. 5. Membrive CMB. Anatomy and Physiology of the Rumen. In Rumenology. Springer, Cham. pp. 1-38. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_1
6. 6. Relling AE, Mattioli GA. Fisiologia Digestive y Metabolica de los Rumiantes. EDUL (ed.). Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires. 2002.
7. 7. Wojtasiak N, Stankiewicz T. Prenatal development of the stomach in the goat (Capra hircus). Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego. 2021;1:23-32. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0014.8044
8. 8. Knott KK, Barboza PS, Bowyer RT, Blake JE. Nutritional development of feeding strategies in arctic ruminant: digestive morphometry of reindeer, Rangifer torandus and muskosen, Ovibos moschatus. Zoology. 2004;107:315–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2004.07.005

9. 9. Franco A, Rodriguez PL, Mayoral AI, Guillen MT, Robina A. Modelos matemáticos aplicados al crecimiento gástrico ovino durante la vida intrauterina. Anat Histol Embryol. 1993;22:160-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.1993.tb00353.x
10. 10. David AL, Abi-Nader KN, Weisz B, et al. Ultrasonographic development of the fetal sheep stomach and evaluation of early gestation ultrasound-guided in utero intragastric injection. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;49(1):23-29. doi:10.1016/S1028-4559(10)60004-6
11. 11. Koyuncu M, Taşkın T. Ekolojik Koyun ve Keçi Yetiştiriciliği. Hayvansal Üretim. 2016;57(1);56-62.
12. 12. Al-Barzınji YMS. Molecular Analysıs Of Fecghgene In Hamdanı Sheep Breed In Iraqı Kurdıstan Regıon. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2022;53(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1498
13. 13. Turgut AO, Gülendağ E, Koca D, Üner S. Milk Composition Traits of Hamdani Crossbreed Sheep Raised Under Extensive Management. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2023;7(2):271–279. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8020354
14. 14. Garcia A, Rodriguez P, Masot J, Franco A, Redondo E. Histomorphometric study of the goat stomach during prenatal development. Anim Sci J. 2014;85:951-962. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12231
15. 15. Harvey EB. Aging and foetal development. Reprod Domest Anim. 1959;1:461-466.
16. 16. Richardson C. (1972). Diagnosis of pregnancy in the ewe by vaginal biopsy. British Veterinary Journal. 1972;128(6):316-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1935(17)36937-3
17. 17. Becsek A, Tzanidakis N, Blanco M, Bollwein H. Transrectal three-dimensional fetal volumetry and crown-rump length measurement during early gestation in mares: Intra-and inter-observer reliability and agreement. Theriogenology. 2019;126:266-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.11.012
18. 18. Şeker U, Güzel BC, Şener D, Baygeldi SB, Yüksel M, Unay Demirel Ö, Soker S. Nephroprotectıve Effect of Aloe Vera Extract Wıth Regulatıon of Oxıdatıve Stress, Apoptosıs and Aquaporın 3 Expressıon Levels in Streptozotocın Induced Dıabetıc Rats. J Fac Pharm Ankara. 2023;47(2):438-449. doi:10.33483/jfpau.1225760
19. 19. Seker U, Kavak DE, Guzel BC, et al. Targeting soluble guanylate cyclase with Riociguat has potency to alleviate testicular ischaemia reperfusion injury via regulating various cellular pathways. Andrologia. 2022;54(11):e14616. doi:10.1111/and.14616
20. 20. Seker U, Aktas A, Nergiz Y, Zincircioglu SB, Ketani MA. Investigation of the protective effects of melatonin, amifostine (WR-2721), and N-acetylcysteine on radiotherapy-induced uterine tissue injury in rats. Int J Radiat Res. 2020;18(4):791-798. Doi: 10.52547/ijrr.18.4.791
21. 21. Işbilir F, Özgüden Akkoç CG, Kirman G, et al. Seasonal investigation of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the sinus interdigitalis in Hamdani crossbred sheep (Ovis aries). Vet Med Sci. 2024;10(3):e1450. doi:10.1002/vms3.1450
22. 22. İşbilir F, Avcı Küpeli Z, İşbilir İ, Arıcan İ, Özyiğit Ö. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of uropygial gland of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). TJVR. 2024;8(1):43-51. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1393777
23. 23. Green WW, Winters LM. Prenatal development of the sheep. Tech Bull Minn Agric Exp Stn. 1945;169:1–36. 24. Bryden MM, Evans HE, Binns W. Embryology of the sheep II. The alimentary tract and associated glands. J Morphol. 1972;138:187–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051380205
24. 25. Hejazi S, Erik-aghaji H. Study of stomach morphogenesis in sheep fetus. Life Sci. 2013;10(5s):659-663.
25. 26. Gupta V, Farooqui MM, Prakash A, Verma A. Gestational variations in the macro anatomy of the fore stomach of goat (Capra hircus). Indian J Anim Res. 2017;52:974-982.
26. 27. Franco A, Redondo E, Masot AJ. Morphometric and immunohistochemical study of the reticulum of red deer during prenatal development. J Anat. 2004;205(4):277–289. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00329.x
27. 28. Franco A, Masot AJ, Redondo E. Ontogenesis of the rumen: A comparative analysis of the Merino sheep and Iberian red deer. Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho. 2011;82(1):107–116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00814.x
28. 29. García A, Masot AJ, Franco A, Gázquez A, Redondo E. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study of the goat rumen during prenatal development. Anat Rec. 2012;295(5):776–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22431
29. 30. Becker RB, Dix Arnold PT, Marshall SP. Development of the bovine stomach during fetal life. JDS. 1951;34(4):329–332. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(51)91715-8
30. 31. Gupta V, Farooqui MM, Archana M, Kumar P. Morphogenesis of rumen in goat (Capra hircus). JVA. 2015;8:37-48. DOI:10.21608/jva.2015.44851
31. 32. Gupta V, Farooqui MM, Ajay P, Rakesh G. Morphological changes in foetal goat abomasum (Capra hircus). Indian J Vet Anat. 2016;28:61-65.
32. 33. Okpe GC, Chukwudi CU. Histogenesis of the forestomach of red Sokoto goats. Anim Res Int. 2016;13:2428-2435.
33. 34. Soni T, Goswami H, Panchal K. Prenatal Development of Fore-Stomach In Small Ruminants. Advances Life Sci. 2016;5:10209-10215. DOI:10.5604/01.3001.0014.8044
34. 35. Lee JH, Huh CK, Kim CS, Kwak SD. Development on the abomasum of fetuses and neonates in Korean native goats. Korean J Vet Res. 1994;34:219-227.
35. 36. García A, Masot AJ, Franco A, Gazquez A, Redondo E. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study of the goat reticulum during prenatal development. Histol Histopathol. 2013c;28:1369–1381. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-28.1369