Comparative Evaluation of EU–Turkey Aquatic Animal Health Legislation in the Context of the EU Animal Health Law

Abstract

This study analyzes the normative transformation in the aquaculture animal health legislation of the European Union (EU) before and after the adoption of Regulation (EU) 2016/429, known as the Animal Health Law (AHL), and presents a comparative evaluation with Turkish legislation. With the adoption of the AHL, the EU moved away from a directive-based and fragmented structure towards a comprehensive normative framework based on risk, scientific evidence, and digital governance principles. In contrast, Turkish legislation largely maintains the administrative permit-based approach derived from Directives 91/67/EEC and 2006/88/EC, along with their secondary legislation. In this context, the comparative analysis conducted across 13 core normative areas indicates that Turkish legislation has not achieved full alignment with the EU system following the AHL. In particular, structural, functional, and governance-related gaps have been identified in areas such as digital traceability, risk-based surveillance, dynamic health status management, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) governance. The study concludes that the recommended roadmap for Türkiye should focus not on producing new legislation, but rather on strengthening the functional alignment of existing regulations with the post-AHL EU normative framework.

Keywords

• Aquatic Animal Health
• EU Legislation
• Turkish Legislation
• AHL
• Risk-Based Governance

Avrupa Birliği Hayvan Sağlığı Kanunu Özelinde AB-Türkiye Sucul Hayvan Sağlığı Mevzuatının, Karşılaştırmalı Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Avrupa Birliği (AB)'nin 2016/429 sayılı Hayvan Sağlığı Kanunu (Animal Health Law – AHL) öncesi ve sonrası dönemlerde sucul hayvan sağlığı mevzuatında yaşanan normatif dönüşümü analiz ederek, Türkiye mevzuatıyla karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. AHL’nin kabulüyle birlikte AB, direktif temelli ve parçalı yapıdan uzaklaşarak; risk-temelli, kanıta dayalı ve dijital yönetişim esasına dayanan bütüncül bir normatif çerçeveye geçmiştir. Türkiye mevzuatı ise büyük ölçüde 91/67/EC ve 2006/88/EC direktifleri ve ikincil mevzuatlarının idari izin temelli yaklaşımını sürdürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada 13 temel normatif alan kapsamında yapılan karşılaştırmalı analiz, Türkiye mevzuatının AHL sonrası AB sistemiyle uyum sağlayamadığını göstermektedir. Özellikle dijital izlenebilirlik, risk-temelli sürveyans, dinamik sağlık statüsü yönetimi ve antimikrobiyal direnç (AMR) yönetişimi gibi alanlarda yapısal, işlevsel ve yönetişimsel boşluklar tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Türkiye için önerilen yol haritası, yeni mevzuat üretiminden ziyade mevcut düzenlemelerin AHL sonrası AB normatif yapısıyla işlevsel uyumunun güçlendirilmesidir.

Keywords

• Sucul Hayvan Sağlığı
• Avrupa Birliği Mevzuatı
• Türkiye Mevzuatı
• AHL
• Risk Temelli Yönetişim

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