Ultrastructure of the Tongue of Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo-hybrid breed) Reared in Türkiye Using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Year 2024, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 120 - 125, 31.12.2024

Fatma İşbilir , Banu Kandil , İhsan İşbilir , Barış Can Güzel

Abstract

The tongue is one of the organs involved in the digestive and sensory system, which plays an important role in feeding strategies in birds. In our study, macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the tongue were determined in turkeys raised in Türkiye. For this purpose, 5 turkey tongues cut for consumption were used. The tongue was divided into apex, corpus, and radix sections and fixed with formaldehyde. After fixation, sections were taken by embedding in paraffin wax using routine histological tissue procedures. The sections were stained with the Masson trichrome staining method and histological features were determined. For scanning electron microscopy, tissue samples fixed by glutaraldehyde solution were coated with gold after the routine procedure and examined under a scanning electron microscope. As a result of the study, the tongue was triangular and conical papillae were observed between the corpus and radix. Two cornified epithelial structures were determined in histological and electron microscopic findings. Microscopic papillae extending from the connective tissue to the epithelial layer on the dorsal surface of the tongue in different directions were quite prominent. Anterior and posterior lingual glands were present in the corpus and radix of the tongue. Electron microscopic examination showed the opening holes of these glands and conic papillae. Although slight differences were observed, the tongue structure was generally similar to that of Galliform birds.

Keywords

Morphology, scanning electron microscopy, tongue, turkey

Ethical Statement

With the ethics committee report numbered 2024/05/27, the Siirt University Experimental Animals Application and Research Center approved the procedures used in our investigation.

References

• 1. Erdoğan S, Pérez W. Anatomical and Scanning Electron Microscopic Characteristics of the Oropharyngeal Cavity (Tongue, Palate and Laryngeal Entrance) in the Southern Lapwing (Charadriidae: Vanellus chilensis, Molina 1782). Acta Zool. 2015;96(2):264-272.
• 2. Demirci B, Kandil B, Yüksel S, et al. Morphological structure of rat tongue using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 2023;86(1):75-83. doi:10.1002/jemt.24260.
• 3. Kooloos JGM. A conveyor belt model for pecking in the mallard. Anas Platyrhynchos. Journal Zool. 1986;36:47-87.
• 4. Zweers GA, Gerritsen AFC, van Kranenburg–Voogd PJ. Mechanics of feeding of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos L.; Aves, Anseriformes). New York: Basel; 1997.
• 5. Van Der Leeuw AHJ, Kurk K, Snelderwaard PC, et al. Conflicting demands on the trophic system of Anseriformes and their evolutionary implications. Anim Biol. 2003;53:259–301.
• 6. Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Godynicki S, et al. Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Domestic Goose (Anser Anser f. Domestica). Anat Rec. 2011;294:1574–1584.
• 7. Jackowiak H, Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Kwiecinski Z, et al. Functional Morphology of the Tongue in the Nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes). Zool Sci. 2010;27:589–594.
• 8. Jackowiak H, Godynicki S. Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Tongue in the White Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetusalbicilla, Accipitridae, Aves). Ann Anat. 2005;187:251–259.
• 9. Skieeresz-Szewczyk K, Prozorowska E, Jackowiak H. The Development of the Tongue of the Domestic Goose from 9th To 25th Day of Incubation as Seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Microsc Res Tech. 2012;75:1564–1570.
• 10. McLelland J. A colour atlas of avian anatomy. 1990:127.
• 11. Vollmerhaus B, Sinowatz F, Verdauungsapparat. In: Nickel R, Schummer E, Seiferle E. ed. Anatomie der Vögel Bd. 5, Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere. Parey, Berlin. 1992.
• 12. Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. Scanning electron microscopic study of the tongue in the oriental scops owl (Otusscops). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2009;86(1):1-6.
• 13. Guimarães JP, de Britto Mari R, de Carvalho HS et al., Fine structure of the dorsal surface of ostrich's (Struthio camelus) tongue. Zoolog Sci. 2009;26(2):153-6.
• 14. Abou-Zaid DFA, Al-Jalaud NA. The structural adaptations of the lingual apparatus of the grey heron, ardea cinerea. Egypt J Exp Biol (Zool). 2010;6(2):307-17.
• 15. Mahmoud AM, Gadel-Rab AG, Shawki NA. Effect of different feeding behaviors on the roof of buccal cavity of two bird species. Egypt J Zool. 2017;67:175-90.
• 16. Kobayashi K, Kumakura M, Yoshimura K, et al. Fine structure of the tongue and lingual papillae of the penguin. Archives of histology and cytology. 1998;61(1):37–46. https://doi.org/10.1679/aohc.61.37
• 17. Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Jackowiak H. Morphofunctional study of the tongue in the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica, Anatidae): LM and SEM study. Zoomorphology. 2016;135:255–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-016-0302-2
• 18. Skieresz-Szewczyk K, Plewa B, Jackowiak H. Functional morphology of the tongue in the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo var. domesticus). Poultry science. 2021;100(5),101038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101038
• 19. Crawford RD. Introduction to Europe and the diffusion of domes-ticated turkeys from the Americas. Archivos de zootecnia. 1992;41:307–314.
• 20. Thornton EK. Introduction to the special issue - Turkey husbandryand domestication: recent scientific advances. J Archaeol Sci Rep. 2016;10:514–519.
• 21. Konca Y. Hindi Besiciliği. Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Koordinasyonu (TAYEK/TYUAP), 2001 Yılı Hayvancılık Grubu Bilgi Alış Veriş Toplantısı Bildirileri. 2001.
• 22. Crossman G. A modification of Mallory’s connective tissue stain with a discussion of the principles involved. Anat Rec. 1937;69:33-38.
• 23. Baygeldi S, Güzel B, Ilgün R, et al. Macroanatomy of Cecum in German Mast Geese (Anser Anser) and Investigation with Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem). Braz J Poult Sci. 2023;25(1):001-004.
• 24. Baumel JJ, King SA, Breazile JE, Evans HE, Berge JCV. Handbook of avian anatomy: Nomina Anatomica avium ( 2nd ed.). Nuttall Ornithological Club. 1993:22–23.
• 25. Erdoğan S, Iwasaki S. Function-related Morphological Characteristics and Specialized Structures of the Avian Tongue. Ann Anat. 2014;196:75–87.
• 26. Parchami A, Dehkordi RAF, Bahadoran S. Fine Structure of the Dorsal Lingual Epithelium of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix). World Appl Sci J. 2010;10:1185–1189.
• 27. Ertaş TD, Erdoğan S. Investigation of Chicken (Gallus domesticus) Tongue by Morphometric and Scanning Electron Microscopic Methods. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;12(1):8-12.
• 28. Pourlis AF. Morphological features of the tongue in the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Morphol Sci. 2014;31:177–181.
• 29. Emura S, Okumura T, Chen H. SEM Studies on the Connective Tissue Cores of the Lingual Papillae of the Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Acta Anat Nippon. 2008;83:77–80.
• 30. Iwasaki S, Tomoichiro A, Akira C. Ultrastructural Study of the Keratinization of the Dorsal Epithelium of the Tongue of Middendorff’s Bean Goose, Anser fabalis middendorffii (Anseres, Anatidae). Anat Rec. 1997;247: 149–163.
• 31. Homberger DG, Brush AH. Functional-morphological and Biochemical Correlations of the Keratinized Structures in the African Grey Parrot, Pisttacus erithacus (Aves). Zoomorphol. 1986;106:103–114.
• 32. Iwasaki S, Kobayashi K. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopical Studies on the Lingual Dorsal Epithelium of Chickens. Acta Anat Nippon. 1986;61:83–96.
• 33. Homberger DG, Meyers RA. Morphology of the Lingual Apparatus of the Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus) with Special Attention to the Structure of the Fasciae. Am J Anat. 1989;186:217–257.
• 34. Uppal V, Bansal N, Pathak D, et al. Light and scanning electron microscopy studies of quail tongues. Avian Biol Res. 2014;7:167–171.
• 35. Erdoğan S, Sagsöz H, Akbalık ME. Anatomical and Histological Structure of the Tongue and Histochemical Characteristics of the Lingual Salivary Glands in the Chukar Partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830). British Poultry Sci. 2012;53(3):307–315.
• 36. El-Bakary NER. Surface Morphology of the Tongue of the Hoopoe (Upupa epops). J Am Sci. 2011;7:394–399.
• 37. Sağsöz H, Erdoğan S, Akbalik ME. Histomorphological Structure of the Palate and Histochemical Profiles of the Salivary Palatine Glands in the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830). Acta Zool. 2013;94 (4):382–391.
• 38. Nickel R, Schummer A, Seifere E. Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Austiere. Anatomie der V€ogel. Verlag Paul Parey: Berlin und Hamburg: Germany. 1992.
• 39. Kadhim KK, Zukı ABZ, Babjee SMA, et al. Morphological and histochemical observations of the red jungle fowl tongue Gallus gallus. AJB, 2011;1(48): 9969-9977.
• 40. Harrison JG, Tongue. A New Dictionary of Birds. Publishing A.L.Thomson. Nelson, London, UnitedKingdom. 1964.