Geriatrik Bireylerde Fiziksel Aktivite ve Egzersizin Aktif Yaşlanmadaki Rolünün Etkinlik Kuramı Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Artan ömür beklentisi ile günümüzde daha fazla insan yaşlılık dönemine ulaşmaktadır. Bu noktada yaşlanma paradigmalarına ve yaşlanma/yaşlılık bilimi olan gerontoloji perspektifine ihtiyaç artmaktadır. Gerontolojik kuramlar çatısı altında sınıflanan etkinlik teorisi bireyi yaşamın getirdiği kayıp ve kazançlara karşı üretkenlik zırhıyla dengede tutmayı amaçlamaktadır. Aktif bir yaşam biçiminin benimsenmesiyle bireyin hayatın akışında, dinamikliğinde yer alması gerekliliğini savunur. Aktif yaşlanmanın sağlanması noktası WHO’ ya göre sağlık, güven, katılım ve hayat boyu öğrenme yer almaktadır. Tüm bileşenler kendi içinde farklı gerekliler barındırsa da FA varlığının neredeyse tüm bileşen basamaklarında olumlu etki yaratması muhtemeldir. Bu bağlamda FA tüm yaş grupları için önemli bir müdahaleyken geriatrik bireylerin değişen vücut fonksiyonlarındaki meydana gelebilecek azalmaları ve gerilemeleri önlemekte ya da geciktirebilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; aktif yaşlanma sürecinde FA müdahalelerinin geriatrik bireylerin yaşam kaliteleri açısından önemine değinmek ve ek olarak aktif yaşlanma kavramının yalnızca belirli bir dönemle ilişkilendirilmesinin yerinde bir söylem olmadığına, aksine dinamik bir süreci içerdiğini belirterek uygulanacak aktif yaşlanma politika ve programlarının kapsayıcılığını çocukluk/gençlik çağlarına uzanması gerekliliğine dikkat çekmektir.

Keywords

• FA
• aktivite kuramı
• aktif yaşlanma
• yaşlanma
• gerontoloji

Evaluation of the Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Active Ageing in Geriatric Individuals in the Context of Activity Theory

Abstract

With increasing life expectancy, more people today are reaching old age. At this point, the need for aging paradigms and the perspective of gerontology, the science of aging/old age, increases. Activity theory, classified under the umbrella of gerontological theories, aims to keep the individual in balance with the armor of productivity against the losses and gains that life brings. It advocates that the individual should take part in the flow and dynamism of life by adopting an active lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the key to active aging includes health, trust, participation and lifelong learning. Although all components have different requirements, the presence of physical activity (PA) is likely to have a positive effect on almost all component steps. In this context, while PA is an important intervention for all age groups, it can prevent or delay the decreases and regressions that may occur in the changing body functions of geriatric individuals. The purpose of this review; It is to touch upon the importance of PA interventions in the active aging process in terms of the quality of life of geriatric individuals and, in addition, to point out that it is not appropriate to associate the concept of active aging only with a certain period, on the contrary, it involves a dynamic process and that the comprehensiveness of active aging policies and programs to be implemented should extend to childhood/adolescence.

Keywords

• Active aging
• gerontology
• activity theory

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