TheEffects of Pilates Exercise as a Recreational Activity on Quality of Life andPsychology in Women

Abstract

Theaim of thestudywastoexaminetheeffects of Pilates exercises on women'squality of life andpsychologicalresiliencelevels. Thesamplegroup of thisstudyconsisted of 315 femaleindividualsbetweentheages of 18-54. Demographicinformation form, BriefPsychologicalResilienceScaleandQuality of Life Scale (SF-12) wereused as data collectiontools. Instatisticaltests, it wasdeterminedthatthe data did not show normal distributionandthedifferencesbetweenthegroupswereanalyzedwith Mann-Whitney U andKruskal-Wallis tests. TherelationshipsweredeterminedbySpearmancorrelationanalysis. Theresults of thestudyrevealedthatpracticing Pilates had a significanteffect on quality of life (p<0.05), but did not make a significantdifference on psychologicalresilience (p>0.05). Inaddition, thefrequency of pilates wasdetermined as an importantfactoraffectingthequality of life of theparticipants (p<0.05). Significantdifferenceswerefound on psychologicalresilienceaccordingtoageandeducationlevel, and it wasfoundthatworkingindividualsandindividualsliving in thecity had higherlevels of psychologicalresilience (p<0.05). Although a lowlevelrelationshipwasfoundbetween Pilates participationandpsychologicalresilience, thisrelationshipwas not statisticallysignificant (p>0.05). Inconclusion, while Pilates exercisesimprovequality of life, they havelesspronouncedeffects on psychologicalresilience.

Keywords

• Pilates Exercise
• Psychological Resilience
• Recreational Activity
• Quality of Life

References

1. Akarsu, G., Bayrakdar, A., Yıldırım, Y., Aygüney, Y., & Meriçeri, S. (2023). Lifelong Fitness Camp: Effects on Anthropometric Characteristics and Obesity Awareness in Obese People. IJPANH, 1(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10447198
2. Aykın, A. G. (2018). Physical activity and quality of life. (1st Ed.). Okur Academy.
3. Başkan, A. H., Zorba, E., & Bayrakdar, A. (2017). Impact of the population density on quality of life. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(1), 506-518.
4. Bayrakdar, A., Demirhan, B., & Zorba, E. (2019). The Effect of Calisthenics Exercises of Performed on Stable and Unstable Ground on Body Fat Percentage and Performance in Swimmers. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(3), 2979-2992. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.541847
5. Bayrakdar, A., Kılınç, H., Kayantaş, İ., & Günay, M. (2020). 12 haftalık düzenli zumba egzersizlerinin antropometrik özellikler üzerine etkisi. Journal of Human Sciences, 17(1), 154-161. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i1.5913
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2020). Scientific Research Methods: Design and Practice (23rd ed.). Pegem Academy.
7. Canuzakov, K., Zorba, E., Günay, M., Demirhan, B., Bayrakdar, A., & Geri, S. (2018). Seasonal Changes in Body Fat Ratios of Elite Athletes. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(3), 723-731.
8. Cengiz, Ş. Ş., & Delen, B. (2019). Physical activity level in youth. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 5(2), 110-122.

9. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
10. Demir, İ. C., & Çilli, M. (2018). Examination of the effect of 12 weeks Pilates mat exercises on some biomotor characteristics and technical performance of 14-15 years old female volleyball students. Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences, 3(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26453/otjhs.364026
11. Demirtaş, Ş., Güngör, C., & Demirtaş, R. N. (2017). Healthy Aging and Physical Activity: the Contribution of İndividual, Psychosocial and Environmental Features to This. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine 2017, 39(100-108). https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.292504
12. Dinç, N. Güzel, P., & Özbey, S. (2018). The relationship between recreational physical activities and quality of life. Celal Bayar University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 5(4), 181-186.
13. Doğan, T. (2015). Adaptation of the Brief Resilience Scale into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 3(1), 93-102.
14. Durhan, T. A., Türkmen, E., & Akgül, B. M. (2022). Examining the Strategies of Coping with Leisure Barriers of Individuals Who Do Pilates. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 5(1), 86-98. https://doi.org/10.55142/jogser.1100882
15. Eruzun, C., & Türkmen, M. (2018). The Effects of Women’s Participation in Sports Activities on Their Leisure Time Satisfaction and Quality of Life: The Sample of Private Sports Centers. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(3), 196-203. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000387
16. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical transactions of the royal society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512 Gökmen, N. E. (2015). Kronik bel ağrısı olan hastalarda pilates ve lomber stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması [Unpublished Master's thesis]. Bursa Uludag University.
17. Hassan, E.A.H., & Amin, M. A. (2011). Pilates exercises influence on the serotonin hormone, some physical variables and the depression degree in battered women. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(2), 89-100. Isacowitz, R. (2022). Pilates (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics.
18. Karasar, N. (2016). Scientific Research Method: Concepts, Principles, Techniques (30th ed). Nobel Academic Publishing.
19. Matsalla, G., & Warners, K. (2012). Physical activity and mental health: A holistic approach. Research and Education for the Promotion of Physical Activity, 23(2), 1-5.
20. Mokhtaria, M., Nezakatalhossaini, M., & Esfarjani, F. (2013). The effect of 12-week pilates exercises on depression and balance associated with falling in the elderly. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1714-1723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.246
21. Özdemir, Ö. Ç., & Uysal, M. F. (2018). Postmenopozal dönemde pilates egzersizlerinin yaşam kalitesi ve depresyon üzerine etkisi. Acibadem University Health Sciences Journal, 9(1), 25–32.
22. Rushing, J. R., D’Antonio, A., & Needham, M. D. (2022). Spatial patterns of constraints to park visitation among urban populations. Leisure Sciences, 44(8), 1033-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2019.1696258
23. Rydeard, R., Leger, A., & Smith, D. (2006). Pilates-based therapeutic exercise: effect on subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain and functional disability: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(7), 472-484. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2006.2144
24. Saltan, A. (2018). Investigation of the effects of pilates-based exercise on posture, quality of life, depression symptoms and pain in women. Fırat University Journal of Health Sciences Medicine, 32(1), 31-36.
25. Sanioğlu, G., & Maçkalı, Z. (2021). The Psychological Health Effects of Pilates-Mat Exercises on Women. International Journal of Exercise Psychology, 3(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.51538/intjourexerpsyc.8483 04
26. Shim, S. Y., Jang, M. K., Johnson, B. D., Hong, S. J., Kim, Y. M., Bae, K. J., & Ko, S. K. (2010). The effects of Pilates on cholesterol, CRP and leptin in obese adult’s men. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(5), 568-569.
27. Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Jennifer Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972
28. Smith, R. L. (2006). Pilates for rehab: A guidebook to integrating pilates in patient care. Physical Therapy, 86(10), 1451-1451.
29. Soylu, C., & Kütük, B. (2022). Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of SF-12 Health Survey. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 33(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5080/u25700
30. Şimşek, D., & Katırcı H. (2011). The influence of pilates exercises on postural stability and sports performance: A systematic review of the literature. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 5(2), 58-70.
31. Tükel, Y. (2021). Investigation of Psychological Resilience Levels of Individuals in Participating Recreative Activities during the Covid-19. Başkent University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 6(1), 91-104.
32. Ulukan, M. (2020). Öğretmenlerin mutluluk ile psikolojik sağlamlik düzeyleri arasindaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Journal of International Social Research, 13(73), 620-631.
33. Vancini, R.L., Rayes, A. B. R., Lira, C.A.B.D., Sarro, K.J., & Andrade, M. S. (2017). Pilates and aerobic training improve levels of depression, anxiety and quality of life in overweight and obese individuals. Arquivos De Neuro-Psiquiatria, 75, 850-857. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20170149
34. Vergili, Ö. (2012). The Effects of Calisthenic and Pilates Exercises on Health-Related Quality of Life for Healthy Sedantry Women. Journal of Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, 14(3), 14-20.
35. Vural, Ö. Eler, S., & Güzel, N. A. (2010). The relation of physical activity level and life quality at sedentary profession. Spormetre Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 8(2), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000178
36. Ware, J.E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S.D. (1995). SF-12: How to score the sf-12 physical and mental health summary scales. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center.
37. Wells, C., Kolt, G. S., & Bialocerkowski, A. (2012). Defining Pilates exercise: a systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 20(4), 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2012.02.005
38. Yakut, E., Yağlı, V. N., Akdoğan, A., & Kiraz, S. (2006). The role of Pilates exercises in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a pilot study. Physiotherapy Rehabilitation, 17(2), 51-60.