Research Article
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The Effect of Positive Future Expectations on Life Satisfaction Among Physical Education Teacher Candidates: The Mediating Role of Happiness

Year 2026, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 131 - 141, 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1879444
https://izlik.org/JA28ZY24YC

Abstract

Teacher burnout and high turnover rates are significant public health issues that threaten the quality of education and teacher well-being. While current interventions often focus on teachers already in the profession, preventive strategies that strengthen psychological resources before entering the profession are critically important. How-ever, the role of positive psychological structures, such as positive future expectations, in supporting the well-being of teacher candidates remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between positive future expectations and life satisfaction among physical education teacher candidates, as well as the potential mediating role of happiness in this relationship. The study employed a cross-sectional research design with 208 physical education teacher candidates (137 male, 71 female) selected using an appropriate sampling method. Participants completed the Positive Future Expectations Scale, the Oxford Happiness Scale Short Form, and the Satisfac-tion with Life Scale. The hypothesized mediation model was tested using regres-sion-based mediation analysis with the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Model 4). The re-sults show that positive future expectations are a meaningful and positive predictor of life satisfaction. Mediation analysis revealed that positive future expectations are posi-tively related to happiness, and that happiness is also a meaningful and positive pre-dictor of life satisfaction. The statistical significance of the indirect effect confirms that happiness plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between positive future expectations and life satisfaction. The findings suggest that positive future expecta-tions are related to teacher candidates' life satisfaction both directly and indirectly through increased happiness. Encouraging a positive future outlook and happiness experiences during teacher training may be a valuable approach to supporting psy-chological well-being. Integrating evidence-based positive psychology interventions into teacher training programs may be a practical preventive strategy that helps build psychological resilience and potentially reduce the risk of long-term professional burnout.

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Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarında Olumlu Gelecek Beklentisinin Yaşam Doyumuna Etkisi: Mutluluğun Aracılık Rolü

Year 2026, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 131 - 141, 30.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1879444
https://izlik.org/JA28ZY24YC

Abstract

Öğretmenlerin tükenmişliği ve yüksek işten ayrılma oranları, eğitim kalitesini ve öğretmenlerin refahını tehdit eden önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarıdır. Mevcut müdahaleler genellikle mesleğe zaten girmiş öğretmenlere odaklanırken, mesleğe girmeden önce psikolojik kaynakları güçlendiren önleyici stratejiler kritik öneme sahiptir. Ancak, olumlu gelecek beklentileri gibi olumlu psikolojik yapıların öğretmen adaylarının refahını desteklemedeki rolü hala yeterince anlaşılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, beden eğitimi öğretmen adayları arasında olumlu gelecek beklentileri ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu ilişkide mutluluğun potansiyel aracılık rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, uygun bir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 208 beden eğitimi öğretmen adayı (137 erkek, 71 kadın) ile kesitsel bir araştırma tasarımı kullanmıştır. Katılımcılar, Olumlu Gelecek Beklentileri Ölçeği, Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Ölçeği'ni doldurmuştur. Hipotezlenen aracılık modeli, SPSS için PROCESS makrosu ile regresyon tabanlı aracılık analizi kullanılarak test edilmiştir (Model 4). Sonuçlar, olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin yaşam memnuniyetinin anlamlı ve olumlu bir öngörücüsü olduğunu göstermektedir. Aracılık analizi, olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin mutlulukla pozitif ilişkili olduğunu ve mutluluğun da yaşam memnuniyetinin anlamlı ve pozitif bir öngörücüsü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Dolaylı etkinin istatistiksel önemi, mutluluğun olumlu gelecek beklentileri ile yaşam memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkide kısmi bir aracılık rolü oynadığını doğrulamaktadır. Bulgular, olumlu gelecek beklentilerinin öğretmen adaylarının yaşam memnuniyetiyle hem doğrudan hem de artan mutluluk yoluyla dolaylı olarak ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Öğretmen eğitimi sırasında olumlu bir gelecek bakış açısı ve mutluluk deneyimlerini teşvik etmek, psikolojik iyilik halini desteklemek için değerli bir yaklaşım olabilir. Kanıta dayalı olumlu psikoloji müdahalelerini öğretmen eğitim programlarına entegre etmek, psikolojik dayanıklılık oluşturmaya ve potansiyel olarak uzun vadeli mesleki tükenmişlik riskini azaltmaya yardımcı olan pratik bir önleyici strateji olabilir.

References

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  • Bal, P. N., & Gülcan, A. (2014). Genç yetişkinlerde iyimserliğin mutluluk ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Asian Journal of Instruction (E-AJI), 2(1), 41-52.
  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of structural equation modeling in marketing and consumer research: A review. International journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161.https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0
  • Bennie, A., Peralta, L., Gibbons, S., Lubans, D., & Rosenkranz, R. (2016). Physical education teachers’ perceptions about the effectiveness and acceptability of strategies used to increase relevance and choice for students in physical education classes. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 45(3), 302–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2016.1207059
  • Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & MacDonald, H. (1997). The role of motivated reasoning in optimistic time predictions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(3), 238-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/014616729723300
  • Burić, I., & Kim, L. E. (2020). Teacher self-efficacy, instructional quality, and student motivational beliefs: An analysis using multilevel structural equation modeling. Learning and Instruction, 66, 101302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2019.101302
  • Byrne, BM (2016). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications and Programming. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
  • Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2014). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(6), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.02.003
  • Cha, K. H. (2003). Subjective well-being among college students. Social Indicators Research, 62(1), 455-477. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022669906470
  • Cohen, S., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203224342
  • Corbett, L., Phongsavan, P., Okely, A. D., Bauman, A., & Peralta, L. R. (2025). Teachers’ experience, needs and recommendations for promoting their health and wellbeing in Australia: A reflexive thematic analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 155, 104897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104897
  • De Juan, R., Mochón, F., & Rojas, M. A. R. I. A. N. O. (2014). Expectations and happiness: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Social Research & Policy, 5(2), 89-102.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6
  • Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., & Williams, G. C. (1996). Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8(3), 165-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90013-8
  • Demirkol, A. Y. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının psikolojik özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Electronic Turkish Studies, 7(4).
  • Deveci, A., & Yıldız, M. (2022). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin beden eğitimi ve spor etkinliklerinde değer beklentilerine yönelik görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 53-80. https://doi.org/10.33468/sbsebd.268
  • Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with lifescale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Doğan, T., & Çötok, N. A. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of the short form of the Oxford happiness questionnaire into Turkish: A validity and reliability study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.17066/pdrd.94477
  • Durak, M., Senol-Durak, E., & Gencoz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of the satisfaction with life scale among Turkish university students, correctional officers, and elderly adults. Social Indicators Research, 99(3), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9589-4
  • Durmuşoğlu, M. V. (2023). Beden eğitimi öğretmenleri ile diğer branş öğretmenlerinin duygusal emek ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. ROL Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 683-697. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037502
  • Efklides, A., & Moraitou, D. (2012). Introduction: Looking at quality of life and well-being from a positive psychology perspective. In A positive psychology perspective on quality of life (pp. 1-14). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4963-4_1
  • Eryılmaz, A. (2011). Ergen Öznel İyi Oluşu ile Olumlu Gelecek Beklentisi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences, 24(3). https://10.5350/DAJPN2011240306
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  • Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological science, 18(3), 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.0188
  • Grolnick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. Parenting and children’s internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory, 44, 135-161.
  • Gulliford, L. (2022). Happiness and well-being in positive psychology: An evaluation and examination with a focus on the virtues of gratitude and hope. In Religious and Non-Religious Perspectives on Happiness and Wellbeing (pp. 17-34). Routledge.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2021). Aracı ve Düzenleyici Etki Analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. London: Pearson Education Limited.
  • Harju, B. L., & Bolen, L. M. (1998). The effects of optimism on coping and perceived quality of life of students. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00358.x
  • Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression Based Approach. New York, NY: Guilford Publications.
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ahmet Yavuz Mallı 0000-0001-6478-4893

Submission Date February 1, 2026
Acceptance Date March 29, 2026
Publication Date March 30, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1879444
IZ https://izlik.org/JA28ZY24YC
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mallı, A. Y. (2026). The Effect of Positive Future Expectations on Life Satisfaction Among Physical Education Teacher Candidates: The Mediating Role of Happiness. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 8(1), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1879444

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