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Pliometrik Antrenmanın 13-14 Yaş Grubu Hentbolcularda Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Bazı Motorik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 34 - 41, 28.06.2020

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, 8 hafta uygulanan pliometrik antrenman programının 13-14 yaş arası hentbolcularda vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı motorik özelliklere etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya pliometrik antrenman grubu (PAG) (n=7), yaş ortalaması (x̄ =13,28+0,45 yıl), vücut ağırlığı (VA) ortalaması (x̄ =59,85+7,12 kg), boy uzunluğu (BU) ortalaması (x̄ =163,28+6,84 cm); kontrol grubu (KG) (n=7), yaş ortalaması (x̄ =13,71+0,48 yıl), VA ortalaması (x̄=62,57+19,44 kg), BU ortalaması (x̄ =163,14+11,69 cm) olmak üzere lisanslı aktif olarak hentbol antrenmanına devam eden 14 erkek hentbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. PAG 8 hafta, haftada 3 gün pliometrik antrenman programı hentbol antrenmanı ile birlikte uygulamış; KG ise düzenli bir şekilde hentbol antrenmanlarına devam etmiştir. Çalışmada katılımcılara antrenmanlar öncesi ve sonrası fiziksel ölçümlerden BU, VA, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY) ve biyomotorik ölçümlerden dikey sıçrama (DS), durarak uzun atlama (DUA), sağ ayak yıldız denge testi (SAYDT), sol ayak yıldız denge testi (SOYDT), 10-20 m sprint testi ve koşu temelli anaerobik sprint testi (RAST) uygulanmıştır. Hentbolcuların antrenman öncesi ve sonrası ölçümlerinden elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 22 istatistik programında analiz edilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler tüm hentbolculara ve gruplara göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Değişkenlerin test öncesi ve sonrası dağılımları gruplara göre incelendi, dağılımların normalliği ve varyansın homojenliği Shapiro Wilk testi ve Mauchly's Sphericity testi ile belirlendi. Gruplararası, grup içi ve antrenmanın etkisi Tekrarlanan Ölçümlerde ANOVA ile tespit edimiştir. Post-hoc karşılaştırmalar için Bonferroni testi kullanıldı ve anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak kabul edildi. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre, fiziksel ölçümler incelendiğinde BU özelliğinde hem PAG hem de KG’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış, VA, VKİ, VYY parametrelerinde ise sadece PAG’da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşüş tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Motorik özellikler incelendiğinde DS, DUA, SAYDT, SOYDT ve RAST olmak üzere tüm parametrelerde PAG’da istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı yükseliş tespit edilirken (p<0,05); KG’de ise değişkilik tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). Elde edilen verilere göre BU parametresinde her iki grupta görülen artışın büyümenin doğal sonucu olduğu; çalışmada diğer özelliklerde PAG’da tespit edilen olumlu gelişmelerin uygulanan pliometrik antrenmanlar sonucunda olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Sonuç olarak; 13-14 yaş grubu erkek hentbolculara uygulanan sekiz haftalık pliometrik antrenman programının sporcularda vücut kompozisyonu ve seçili motorik özellikler üzerinde olumlu değişimlere yol açtığı söylenilebilir.

References

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Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 34 - 41, 28.06.2020

Abstract

References

  • Açıkada C., Ergen, E. (1985). Kuvvetin Fizyolojisi. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi, 28,29.
  • Adams, K., O’Shea, J. P., O’Shea, K. L., and Climstein, M. (1992). The effect of six weeks of squat, plyometric and squat-plyometric training on power production. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, 6(1), 36–41.
  • Akbari, H., Sahebozamani, M., Daneshjoo, A., & Amiri-Khorasani, M. (2018). Effect of the FIFA 11+ programme on vertical jump performance in elite male youth soccer players. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(2), 17-22.
  • Arazi, H., & Asadi, A. The effect of aquatic and land plyometric training on strength, sprint, and balance in young basketball players. 2011. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 6(1).
  • Arslan, Ö. (2004). Sekiz haftalık pliometrik antrenman programının 14–16 yaş grubu bayan kısa mesafe koşucularının bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Asadi, A., Saemi, E., Sheikh, M., & Takhtaei, M. (2018). The effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump. Acta Gymnica, 48(3), 103-108.
  • Balciunas, M., Stonkus, S., Abrantes, C., and Sampaio, J. (2006). Long term effects of different training modalities on power, speed, skill and anaerobic capacity in young male basketball players. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 5(1), 163-170.
  • Bompa, T.O., Haff, G. (2017). Periodization: Training Theory and Method. T. Bağırgan (Trans). Ankara: Bağırgan Publishing House.
  • Boraczynski T., Urniaz, J. (2008). The effect of plyometrıc traınıng on strength – speed abilities of basketball players. Research Yearbook, 14(1); 14-19.
  • Chelly, M. S., Hermassi, S., Aouadi, R., & Shephard, R. J. (2014). Effects of 8-week in-season plyometric training on upper and lower limb performance of elite adolescent handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1401-1410.
  • Chtara, M., Rouissi, M., Haddad, M., Chtara, H., Chaalali, A., Owen, A., & Chamari, K. (2017). Specific physical trainability in elite young soccer players: efficiency over 6 weeks’ in-season training. Biology of sport, 34(2), 137-148.
  • Chu, D. (2003). Plyometric Exercises With The Medicine Ball. (2nd edition), California Bittersweet Publishing Company.
  • Chu, D.A., Chu, D. (1998) Jumping İnto Plyometrics, Human Kinetics Pub, Dimension, İllionois, August.
  • Cigerci, A. E. (2017). Ekstra Ağırlıkla Uygulanan Su İçi ve Kara Pliometrik Antrenmanlarının 15-17 Yaş Grubu Basketbolcuların Bazı Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Cronin, J.B., Mcnair, P.J., Marshall, R.N. (2000). The role of maximal strength and load on intial power production. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32: 17631769. Çakmak E. (2001). Yıldız Erkek Voleybolcularda Pliometrik Antrenmanların Dikey Sıçrama ile Bazı Fiziksel ve Fizyolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi.Yüksek lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Ankara.
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  • De Villarreal, E. S. S., Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J., and Izquierdo, M. (2008). Low and moderate plyometric training frequency produces greater jumping and sprinting gains compared with high frequency. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 715–725.
  • Diallo O.Dore E. Duche P. Van PE. (2001). Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training programme on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness; 41(3), 342- 348.
  • Dodd, D. J. and Alvar, B. A. (2007). Analysis of acute explosive training modalities to improve lower-body power in baseball players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1177–1182.
  • Gabbett, T., King, T., & Jenkins, D. (2008). Applied physiology of rugby league. Sports medicine, 38(2), 119-138.
  • Gribble, P. A., & Hertel, J. (2003). Considerations for normalizing measures of the Star Excursion Balance Test. Measurement in physical education and exercise science, 7(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327841MPEE0702_3
  • Gür, E. (2001). Pliometrik Antrenmanların Genç Futbolcuların Anaerobik Güç Performanslarına Etkisi. Elazığ, Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 53-56.
  • Harbili, S. (1999). Kuvvet antrenmanın vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı hormonlar üzerine etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Konya.
  • Hermassi, S., Gabbett, T. J., Ingebrigtsen, J., Van Den Tillaar, R., Chelly, M. S., & Chamari, K. (2014). Effects of a short-term in-season plyometric training program on repeated-sprint ability, leg power and jump performance of elite handball players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9(5), 1205-1216.
  • Holcomb, W. R., Lander, J. E., Rutland, R. M., and Wilson, G. D. (1996). The effectiveness of a modified plyometric program on power and the vertical jump. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 10(2), 89–92.
  • Karadenizli İ, (2013). Pliometrik Eğitim Çalışmalarının Seçilmiş Antropometrik ve Motorik Özelliklere Olan Etkisini Araştırılması. 5. Antrenman Bilimleri Kongresi. Hcettepe-Beytepe, 2-4 Temmuz.
  • Kartal R, Günay M (1994). Sezon öncesi yapılan hazırlık antrenmanlarının futbolcuların bazı fizyolojik parametrelere etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5,3, 24 – 31.
  • Khodajo, A. R., Nikseresht, A., & Khoshnam, E. (2014). The effect of strength and plyometric training on anaerobic power, explosive power and strength quadriceps femoris muscle in soccer players. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(1), 448-451.
  • Kotzamanidis, C. (2006). Effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 441 445.
  • Kubo, K., Morımoto. M., Komuro, T., Yata, H., Tsunoda, N., Kanehısa, H., Fukunaga, T. (2007). Effects of Plyometric and Weight Training on Muscle–Tendon Complex and Jump Performance, Medıcıne and Scıence In Sports and Exercıse. 39, 1801-10.
  • Luebbers, P.E., Potteıger, J.A., Hulver, M.W., Thyfaut, J.P., Carper, M.J., Lockwood, R.H. (2003). Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. Journal of Strength and Condition Resarch, 17: 704709.
  • Malisoux, L., Francaux, M., Nielens, H., & Theisen, D. (2006). Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers. Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(3), 771-779.
  • Manchado, C., Tortosa-Martínez, J., Vila, H., Ferragut, C., & Platen, P. (2013). Performance factors in women's team handball: Physical and physiological aspects—A review. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(6), 1708-1719. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182891535.
  • Marcovic, G. (2007). Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta analytical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(6), 349–355.
  • Markovic, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, D., Metikos, D. (2007). Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2): 543-549.
  • Martel, G.F., Harmer, M.L., Logan, J.M., Parker, C.B. (2005). Aquatic plyometric training increases vertical jump in female volleyball players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37: 1814–1819.
  • McClenton, L.S., Brown, L.E., Coburn, J.W., & Kersey, R.D. (2008). The effect of short-term VertiMax vs. depth jump training on vertical jump performance. J Strength Cond Res, 22(2), 321–325.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Harun Genç 0000-0003-1371-7468

Ali Erdem Ciğerci 0000-0003-3143-5982

Publication Date June 28, 2020
Submission Date May 19, 2020
Acceptance Date June 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Genç, H., & Ciğerci, A. E. (2020). Pliometrik Antrenmanın 13-14 Yaş Grubu Hentbolcularda Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Bazı Motorik Özellikler Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Herkes için Spor Ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 2(1), 34-41.

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