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Kil Zeminlerin Stabilizasyonunda Atık Polyester Şeritlerin Kullanımı: Dayanım ve Permeabilite Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 112 - 124, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1823540

Abstract

Günümüzde hızla artan nüfus ve buna bağlı olarak artan yapılaşma ihtiyacı, mühendislik açısından elverişsiz zeminlerin inşaat projelerinde kullanımını kaçınılmaz hâle getirmiştir. Bu durum, zemin stabilizasyonunu pek çok altyapı ve üstyapı uygulaması için önemli bir gereklilik haline getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, tekstil ve inşaat sektörlerinden kaynaklanan ambalaj atığı niteliğindeki atık polyester şeritlerin (APŞ), kil zeminlerin iyileştirilmesinde rastgele donatı malzemesi olarak kullanım potansiyelini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, atık polyester şeritler 5 mm uzunluğunda lif ve farklı en/boy oranlarına sahip parçacıklar (μ = 0.5; 0.75; 1.00 ve 1.25) şeklinde hazırlanmış ve kil zemin içerisine ağırlıkça %0.4; %0.8; %1 ve %3 oranlarında rastgele ilave edilmiştir. Hazırlanan donatılı ve donatısız numuneler üzerinde serbest basınç dayanımı (SBD) deneyleri ve geçirimlilik deneyleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Deneysel bulgular, APŞ katkısının zemin dayanımını genel olarak artırdığını göstermiştir. Özellikle %0.4 katkı oranı ve lif formunda hazırlanan numune, 1217 kPa ile en yüksek dayanım değerini elde etmiş ve bu değer, donatısız numuneye kıyasla %11.96 oranında artış sağlamıştır. Geçirimlilik deney sonuçlarına göre de atık polyester şerit yüzeylerinin yüksek pürüzlülüğe sahip olması nedeniyle, donatılı numunelerin geçirimlilik katsayısında kısmi bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, atık polyester şeritlerin zemin stabilizasyonunda kullanımı; yalnızca mühendislik performansını iyileştiren etkisiyle değil, aynı zamanda çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve atık yönetimi açısından da önemli katkılar sunan, yenilikçi ve uygulanabilir bir yöntem olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada herhangi bir canlı üzerinde deney yapılmamış, insan veya hayvan denek kullanılmamıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yalnızca laboratuvar ortamında zemin numuneleri üzerinde fiziksel ve mekanik deneyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışma, etik kurul onayı gerektiren bir araştırma niteliği taşımamaktadır. Yazar(lar) olarak, bu makalenin hazırlanması sürecinde bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uygun davranıldığını, çalışmanın daha önce hiçbir yerde yayımlanmadığını veya yayımlanmak üzere değerlendirilmediğini beyan ederiz.

Thanks

Bu makale Mohammadzubair QAYUMİ ’nin Yüksek Lisans Tezi kapsamında üretilmiştir. Yazarlar Atatürk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsüne teşekkür etmektedir.

References

  • J. K. Kumar and V. P. Kumar, “Experimental analysis of soil stabilization using e-waste,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 22, pp. 456–459, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.716.
  • B. Shinde, A. Sangale, M. Pranita, J. Sanagle, and C. Roham, “Utilization of waste materials for soil stabilization: A comprehensive review,” Progress in Engineering Science, vol. 1, no. 2-3, Art. no. 100009, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.pes.2024.100009.
  • P. P. Dahale, P. B. Nagarnaik, and A. R. Gajbhiye, “Utilization of solid waste for soil stabilization: A review,” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 17, no. Bund Q, pp. 2443-2461, 2012.
  • I. Bozyigit, H. O. Zingil, and S. Altun, “Performance of eco-friendly polymers for soil stabilization and their resistance to freze-thaw action,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 379, Art. no. 131133, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131133.
  • M. T. de Araújo, S. T. Ferrazzo, H. M. Chaves, C. G. da Rocha, and N. C. Consoli, “Mechanical behavior, mineralogy, and microstructure of alkali-activated wastes-based binder for a clayey soil stabilization,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 362, Art. no. 129757, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129757.
  • D. S. Vijayan and D. Parthiban, “Effect of solid waste-based stabilizing material for strengthening of expansive soil: A review,” Environmental Technology & Innovation, vol. 20, Art. no. 101108, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101108.
  • R. P. Munirwan, A. M. Taib, M. R. Taha, N. Abd Rahman, and M. Munirwansyah, “Utilization of coffee husk ash for soil stabilization: A systematic review,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 128, Art. no. 103252, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2022.103252.
  • K. Raja, S. Venkatachalam, K. Vishnuvardhan, R. S. R. Krishnan, V. T. Selvan, and N. Vetriselvan, “A review on soil stabilization using rice husk ash and lime sludge,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 65, pp. 1205-1212, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.178.
  • M. U. Yılmazoğlu, “Sustainable soil stabilization using garden waste ash as a partial replacement for lime in silt soils,” Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 3010-3016, 2025, doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v13i10.3010-3016.7920.
  • Chmielewska and W. Gosk, “Sustainable soil stabilization: The use of waste materials to improve the engineering properties of soft soils,” Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 3, pp. 34-41, 2022.
  • A. Kassa, R. Sekine, T. Dorji, G. K. Pathak, K. Hayano, H. Yamauchi, and Y. Mochizuki, “Insights into water absorption characteristics of various waste-based inorganic additives and their application for soil stabilization,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 446, Art. no. 141470, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141470.
  • Sharma and S. Singh, “Modeling for the use of waste materials (bottom ash and fly ash) in soil stabilization,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 33, pp. 1610-1614, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.569.
  • A. K. Rai, G. Singh, and A. K. Tiwari, “Comparative study of soil stabilization with glass powder, plastic and e-waste: A review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 32, pp. 771-776, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.570.
  • F. E. Jalal, A. Zahid, M. Iqbal, A. Naseem, and M. Nabil, “Sustainable use of soda lime glass powder (SLGP) in expansive soil stabilization,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 17, Art. no. e01559, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01559.
  • O. O. Ojuri, P. O. Osagie, B. D. Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, O. G. Fadugba, M. O. Tanimola, V. B. Chauhan, and O. O. Jayejeje, “Eco-friendly stabilization of highway lateritic soil with cow bone powder admixed lime and plastic granules reinforcement,” Cleaner Waste Systems, vol. 2, Art. no. 100012, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.clwas.2022.100012.
  • J. Xie, J. Zhang, Z. Cao, J. Blom, C. Vuye, and F. Gu, “Feasibility of using building-related construction and demolition waste-derived geopolymer for subgrade soil stabilization,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 450, Art. no. 142001, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142001.
  • R. K. Akbulut, “Stabilization of clay soils exposed to freze-thaw conditions with waste Kevlar,” PLoS ONE, vol. 20, no. 9, Art. no. e0331597, 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331597.
  • M. S. I. Zaini, M. Hasan, and F. Alshawmar, “Performance evaluation of weak kaolin soils with waste-derived plastic granular inclusions,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 27608, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12443-3.
  • M. Qayumi, A. Ş. Zaimoğlu, and F. Artuk, “Zemin stabilizasyonunda sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım: Atık polyester şeritlerin rastgele donatı olarak kullanımı,” in International Yildirim Bayezid Scientific Research and Innovation Symposium-I, Full Texts Book, vol. 1, O. Çağlayan, Ed., Bursa, Türkiye: Liberty Academic Publishers, 2025, pp. 12-20, ISBN: 979-8-89695-076-9.
  • M. Adnan, S. Kumar, N. Garg, K. K. Gupta, and S. K. Das, “Soil stabilization using waste bagasse ash and lime: A review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.018.
  • A. B. Haider, A. Iravanian, M. H. Selman, and A. Ekinci, “Using waste PET shreds for soil stabilization: Efficiency and durability assessment,” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, vol. 9, Art. no. 48, pp. 1-13, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40891-023-00473-8. [22] P. Rathore and S. K. Tiwari, “Soil stabilization using ceramic waste: An experimental study,” Journal of Mining and Environment, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 47-65, 2023, doi: 10.22044/jme.2023.12442.2259.

The Use of Waste Polyester Strips in the Stabilization of Clay Soils: Effects on Strength and Permeability

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 112 - 124, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1823540

Abstract

Today's rapidly growing population and the resulting increased need for construction have made the use of unsuitable soils in construction projects inevitable. This has made soil stabilization a crucial requirement for many infrastructure and superstructure applications This study aims to investigate the potential use of waste polyester strips (WSP), which are packaging waste originating from the textile and construction industries, as random reinforcement materials in the improvement of clay soils. In this context, waste polyester strips were prepared in the form of 5 mm fibers and particles with different aspect ratios (μ = 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25) and were randomly added to the clay soil at rates of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1%, and 3% by weight. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and permeability tests were conducted on the prepared reinforced and unreinforced samples. The results were evaluated comparatively. Experimental findings showed that the addition of WS generally increased soil strength. Specifically, the sample prepared with a 0.4% additive content and in fiber form achieved the highest strength value of 1217 kPa, an 11.96% increase compared to the unreinforced sample. Permeability test results also indicated a partial decrease in the permeability coefficient of the reinforced samples due to the high roughness of the waste polyester strip surfaces. In conclusion, the use of waste polyester strips in soil stabilization stands out as an innovative and applicable method that not only improves engineering performance but also makes significant contributions to environmental sustainability and waste management.

Ethical Statement

This study did not involve any experiments on living organisms, nor did it utilize human or animal subjects. Physical and mechanical experiments were conducted solely on soil samples in a laboratory setting. Therefore, the study does not require ethics committee approval. As the author(s), we declare that we adhered to the principles of scientific research and publication ethics throughout the preparation of this article, and that the study has not been previously published or is not under consideration for publication.

Thanks

This article was produced within the scope of Mohammadzubair QAYUMİ’s Master’s Thesis. The authors would like to thank Atatürk University, Institute of Science.

References

  • J. K. Kumar and V. P. Kumar, “Experimental analysis of soil stabilization using e-waste,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 22, pp. 456–459, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.716.
  • B. Shinde, A. Sangale, M. Pranita, J. Sanagle, and C. Roham, “Utilization of waste materials for soil stabilization: A comprehensive review,” Progress in Engineering Science, vol. 1, no. 2-3, Art. no. 100009, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.pes.2024.100009.
  • P. P. Dahale, P. B. Nagarnaik, and A. R. Gajbhiye, “Utilization of solid waste for soil stabilization: A review,” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 17, no. Bund Q, pp. 2443-2461, 2012.
  • I. Bozyigit, H. O. Zingil, and S. Altun, “Performance of eco-friendly polymers for soil stabilization and their resistance to freze-thaw action,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 379, Art. no. 131133, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131133.
  • M. T. de Araújo, S. T. Ferrazzo, H. M. Chaves, C. G. da Rocha, and N. C. Consoli, “Mechanical behavior, mineralogy, and microstructure of alkali-activated wastes-based binder for a clayey soil stabilization,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 362, Art. no. 129757, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.129757.
  • D. S. Vijayan and D. Parthiban, “Effect of solid waste-based stabilizing material for strengthening of expansive soil: A review,” Environmental Technology & Innovation, vol. 20, Art. no. 101108, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101108.
  • R. P. Munirwan, A. M. Taib, M. R. Taha, N. Abd Rahman, and M. Munirwansyah, “Utilization of coffee husk ash for soil stabilization: A systematic review,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, vol. 128, Art. no. 103252, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2022.103252.
  • K. Raja, S. Venkatachalam, K. Vishnuvardhan, R. S. R. Krishnan, V. T. Selvan, and N. Vetriselvan, “A review on soil stabilization using rice husk ash and lime sludge,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 65, pp. 1205-1212, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.178.
  • M. U. Yılmazoğlu, “Sustainable soil stabilization using garden waste ash as a partial replacement for lime in silt soils,” Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 3010-3016, 2025, doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v13i10.3010-3016.7920.
  • Chmielewska and W. Gosk, “Sustainable soil stabilization: The use of waste materials to improve the engineering properties of soft soils,” Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 3, pp. 34-41, 2022.
  • A. Kassa, R. Sekine, T. Dorji, G. K. Pathak, K. Hayano, H. Yamauchi, and Y. Mochizuki, “Insights into water absorption characteristics of various waste-based inorganic additives and their application for soil stabilization,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 446, Art. no. 141470, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141470.
  • Sharma and S. Singh, “Modeling for the use of waste materials (bottom ash and fly ash) in soil stabilization,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 33, pp. 1610-1614, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.569.
  • A. K. Rai, G. Singh, and A. K. Tiwari, “Comparative study of soil stabilization with glass powder, plastic and e-waste: A review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 32, pp. 771-776, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.570.
  • F. E. Jalal, A. Zahid, M. Iqbal, A. Naseem, and M. Nabil, “Sustainable use of soda lime glass powder (SLGP) in expansive soil stabilization,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 17, Art. no. e01559, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01559.
  • O. O. Ojuri, P. O. Osagie, B. D. Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, O. G. Fadugba, M. O. Tanimola, V. B. Chauhan, and O. O. Jayejeje, “Eco-friendly stabilization of highway lateritic soil with cow bone powder admixed lime and plastic granules reinforcement,” Cleaner Waste Systems, vol. 2, Art. no. 100012, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.clwas.2022.100012.
  • J. Xie, J. Zhang, Z. Cao, J. Blom, C. Vuye, and F. Gu, “Feasibility of using building-related construction and demolition waste-derived geopolymer for subgrade soil stabilization,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 450, Art. no. 142001, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142001.
  • R. K. Akbulut, “Stabilization of clay soils exposed to freze-thaw conditions with waste Kevlar,” PLoS ONE, vol. 20, no. 9, Art. no. e0331597, 2025, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0331597.
  • M. S. I. Zaini, M. Hasan, and F. Alshawmar, “Performance evaluation of weak kaolin soils with waste-derived plastic granular inclusions,” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, Art. no. 27608, 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12443-3.
  • M. Qayumi, A. Ş. Zaimoğlu, and F. Artuk, “Zemin stabilizasyonunda sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım: Atık polyester şeritlerin rastgele donatı olarak kullanımı,” in International Yildirim Bayezid Scientific Research and Innovation Symposium-I, Full Texts Book, vol. 1, O. Çağlayan, Ed., Bursa, Türkiye: Liberty Academic Publishers, 2025, pp. 12-20, ISBN: 979-8-89695-076-9.
  • M. Adnan, S. Kumar, N. Garg, K. K. Gupta, and S. K. Das, “Soil stabilization using waste bagasse ash and lime: A review,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.018.
  • A. B. Haider, A. Iravanian, M. H. Selman, and A. Ekinci, “Using waste PET shreds for soil stabilization: Efficiency and durability assessment,” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, vol. 9, Art. no. 48, pp. 1-13, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40891-023-00473-8. [22] P. Rathore and S. K. Tiwari, “Soil stabilization using ceramic waste: An experimental study,” Journal of Mining and Environment, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 47-65, 2023, doi: 10.22044/jme.2023.12442.2259.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Civil Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mohammadzubair Qayumi 0000-0001-8455-7620

Ahmet Şahin Zaimoğlu 0000-0001-5245-0212

Fatih Artuk 0000-0003-4798-9277

Submission Date November 14, 2025
Acceptance Date December 9, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE M. Qayumi, A. Ş. Zaimoğlu, and F. Artuk, “Kil Zeminlerin Stabilizasyonunda Atık Polyester Şeritlerin Kullanımı: Dayanım ve Permeabilite Üzerindeki Etkileri”, JSAT, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 112–124, 2025, doi: 10.63063/jsat.1823540.