Research Article

Investigation of Quality Criteria for Propolis from the Ardahan Region

Volume: 3 Number: 2 December 31, 2025
TR EN

Investigation of Quality Criteria for Propolis from the Ardahan Region

Abstract

The rich flora and fauna of the Ardahan region, its role as a natural habitat and gene pool for the Caucasian honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica), and the higher tendency of this subspecies to collect propolis compared to other honey bees make it important to investigate the quality criteria of Ardahan propolis in terms of its chemical and physical properties. Propolis samples collected from Caucasian honey bee producers in the Ardahan region were analyzed for phenolic components, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, balsamic content, and antioxidant activity. Six propolis extracts contained t-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, chrysin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, p-coumaric acid, and pinosembrin, whereas luteolin was detected in samples from locations A1 and A2, and apigenin in samples from locations A4, A5, and A6. The absence of certain phenolic compounds in the propolis samples analyzed in this study does not necessarily indicate that these compounds are completely absent from the overall composition. Since some phenolic compounds are water-soluble, they may not have been fully transferred into the ethanolic phase during extraction. In this study, no significant differences were observed in the composition or antioxidant properties of propolis samples collected from Ardahan province, which represents a relatively limited geographical area. Pinosembrin was identified as one of the major phenolic compounds in propolis obtained from the Ardahan region, which was also found to be rich in caffeic acid phenethyl ester, chrysin, and ferulic acid.

Keywords

Propolis , flavonoid content , phenolic compound content

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IEEE
[1]S. Aydın and R. Guliyev, “Investigation of Quality Criteria for Propolis from the Ardahan Region”, JSAT, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 125–133, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.63063/jsat.1839157.