Bu çalışma ilk olarak 1944 Sürgünü ile zorunlu göçe maruz kalmış Ahıska Türklerinin yaşadıkları göçler silsilesinin onların toplumsal zihniyetlerindeki yerini ve Türkiye’deki yeni yurtlarındaki durumlarını hedef bölge tercihi ve sosyal uyum açısından konu edinmiştir. Bozüyük’te yaşamakta olan Ahıskalılar örneğinde gerçekleştirilmiş olan alan çalışması 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etnografik anlayışla yürütülmüş olan alan çalışmasında temelde “katılımlı gözlem” ve “derinlemesine mülakat” araştırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada zorunlu göç kapsamında 1944 Sürgünü ve Fergana Olayları esas alınmış, sonrasında yaşanan zincirleme göçler irdelenmiş, nihai olarak Türkiye’ye göç ve Bozüyük’e yerleşme konuları irdelenmiştir. Göç sürecinin sonunda “Ahıskalıların Bozüyük’teki sosyal hayatı” ve “yerli halk ile ilişkiler” konularına değinilmiştir. Saha araştırmasında görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler ile gözlem verilerinin birbirleriyle uyum arz ettiği görülmüştür. Araştırmanın temel bulgularına göre Ahıskalıların (Sürgünü ve Fergana Olaylarını tecrübe etmemiş olanların bile) hafızalarında zorunlu göçlerin, yaşanan şiddet olaylarının, maruz kalınan ayrımcılıkların ve yabancı düşmanlıklarının izleri halen varlığını sürdürmektedir. Ortak acılar Ahıskalıları birbirlerine daha fazla yaklaştırmış ve toplumsal zihniyetlerinin şekillenmesinde mühim rol oynamıştır. Ahıskalıların toplumsal hafızasında Türkiye eskiden beri “vatan” olarak yer etmiştir. Bu aidiyet algılaması, kültürel yakınlık ve Türkiye’ye yerleşmeden önce yaşadıkları sıkıntılı süreçler Ahıskalıların sosyo-kültürel uyumunu ve bütünleşmesini destekleyen etkenler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Yerli Türk toplumunun genel itibariyle kucaklayıcı tavrının da uyum ve bütünleşme sürecini kolaylaştıran bir diğer husus olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
This study focuses on the perceptions of Meskhetian Turks exposed to a forced migration with the “1944 Exile”, about their migration sequence and the status of their new homeland in Turkey. The field study conducted in the example of Meskhetian Turks living in Bozüyük was carried out in the scope of the qualitative research method in 2019 and 2020. In the field study carried out with an ethnographic approach, "participant observation" and "in-depth interview" research techniques were mainly used. In this study, the 1944 Exile and Fergana Events were taken as a basis within the scope of forced migration. Then, the chain migration after these processes was examined. And finally, the issues about the migration to Turkey and the settlement in Bozüyük were discussed. At the end of the immigration process, the issues of the social life of Meskhetian Turks in Bozüyük and the relations with indigenous people were addressed. In the field research, it was seen that the data obtained from the interviews and the observation were compatible with each other. According to the main findings of the research, traces of forced migration, violent incidents, discrimination, and xenophobia are still present in the memories of Meskhetian Turks (even those who have not experienced the exile and Fergana Events). The common pains brought the Meskhetian Turks closer to each other and played an important role in shaping their social mentality. In their collective memories, Turkey has been a "homeland" since ancient times. This sense of belonging, cultural affinity and the troublesome processes they lived before settling in Turkey stands out as factors supporting their socio-cultural adaptation and integration. Also, it was understood that the embracing attitude of the indigenous Turkish society, in general, was another factor that facilitated the adaptation and integration process.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 22, 2020 |
Submission Date | June 4, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: 5 |
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