Case Report
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REKÜRRENS İLE GELEN SITMA OLGUSU

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 116 - 119, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.61745/jsmsau.1395520

Abstract

Sıtma, Plasmodium spp. türlerinin neden olduğu; tedavi edilmediğinde ölümcül olabilen bir enfeksiyon hastalığıdır. Plasmodium falciparum türünün en ağır ve mortal seyirli klinik tabloya sebep olması nedeniyle erken tanı konulması ve etkene yönelik tedavi verilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile, sıtmada görülebilen rekürrens kliniğine ve mortal seyirli olan falciparum sıtmasının tedavisine dikkat çekmek amaçlanmıştır. Bilinen kronik bir hastalığı olmayan 47 yaşındaki erkek hasta ateş, halsizlik, baş ağrısı ve ishal şikayetleri ile acil servise başvurdu. Bir Afrika ülkesine seyahat öyküsü olan hastanın iki hafta önce dönüş yaptığı öğrenildi. Sıtma ön tanısı ile hastadan alınan periferik kan örneğinin Giemsa boyalı kalın damla ve ince yayma incelemesinde taşlı yüzük formunda genç trofozoitler görüldü. Bunun sonucunda ise saptanan tür olarak P. falciparum kabul edildi. Olgunun Afrika ülkesinde bulunduğu dönemde semptomlarının başladığı ve orada sıtma tanısı konularak olguya parenteral artesunat tedavisi verildiği öğrenildi. Verilen tedavi sonrası ilk dört hafta içinde şikayetleri tekrarlayan hastaya alternatif tedavi rejimi olan kinin sülfat tablet 10 mg/kg (3x1) ve doksisiklin 100 mg tablet (2x1) kombinasyonu tercih edildi. Hasta yedi günlük tedavi sonrası şifa ile taburcu edildi. P. falciparum sıtmasında rekürrens ve reenfeksiyon görülebilmesi sebebi ile olgular tedavi sonrasında da yakın takip edilmelidir. Rekürrens gelişen hastalarda daha önce tercih edilenden farklı bir artemisin kombinasyon tedavisi (AKT) ya da kinin sülfat kombinasyonları gibi AKT dışı rejimler tercih edilebilir.

References

  • Baker DA. Malaria gametocytogenesis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 2010;172(2):57-65. doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.019
  • Tuteja R. Malaria − an overview. FEBS Journal. 2007;274(18):4670-4679. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05997.x
  • Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Gouws E. Pediatric mortality in Africa: plasmodium falciparum malaria as a cause or risk? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):16-24.
  • WHO. World Malaria Report 2022, 14-30. Acessed October 19, 2023. https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2022.
  • van Geertruyden JP, Thomas F, Erhart A, D'Alessandro U. The contribution of malaria in pregnancy to perinatal mortality. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):35-40.
  • Basu S, Sahi PK. Malaria: An Update. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84(7):521-528. doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2
  • Kliegman R, Nelson WE, Malaria. Plasmodium. In: Nelson textbook of Paediatrics, vol. 1. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/ Saunders; 2016:1709–1721.
  • Sinden RE, Gilles HM. The malaria parasites. In: Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential malariology. 4th edition. London: New York, 2002.
  • WHO guidelines for malaria 2023. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/LwRMXj/section/L0v9rE
  • Zekar L, Sharman T. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32310422/
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı: Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı Haber Bülteni, 2019. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/46511/0/haber-bulteni-2022-v7pdf.pdf?_tag1=3F123016BE50268AF4A10917870BF5962AC79ECF
  • Sümer Ş, Demir NA, Ural O, et al. Relaps ile İzlenen Bir Sıtma Olgusu. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018; 42(2): 161-163.
  • Yılmaz M, Alkan ÇS, Gülcan A, et al. Pandemide Maskelenen Tanı: Nüks Sıtma Olgusu. ASUJMS. 2021;2(2):37-38.
  • Tünger Ö, Çakmak A, Özbilgin A, et al. Imported Malaria in Turkey: The Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum/Plasmodium vivax Mixed Infection. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018: 42: 164-167.
  • Fairhurst RM, Dondorp AM. Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(3):10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0013-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0013-2016
  • Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, et al. Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 21;371(8):786]. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):411-423. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1314981
  • Thu AM, Phyo AP, Landier J, Parker DM, Nosten FH. Combating multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. FEBS J. 2017;284(16):2569-2578. doi:10.1111/febs.1412

Case Report of Recurrent Malaria

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 116 - 119, 28.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.61745/jsmsau.1395520

Abstract

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species; it is an infectious disease that can be fatal if left untreated. This study aimed to draw attention to the recurrence clinic that can be seen in malaria and the treatment of falciparum malaria, which has a mortal course. A 47-year-old male patient with no known chronic disease was admitted to the emergency departmant with complaints of fever, fatigue, headache and diarrhea. It was learned that the patient had a travel history to an African country, returned two weeks ago. Young trophozoites in the form of signet rings were seen in the Giemsa stained thick drop and thin smear examination of the peripheral blood sample taken from the patient. As a result, P. falciparum was accepted as the detected species. It was learned that the patient's symptoms started while he was in the African country, where he was diagnosed with malaria and given parenteral artesunate treatment. The alternative treatment regimen, a combination of quinine sulfate tablet 10 mg/kg (3x1) and doxycycline 100 mg tablet (2x1), was preferred for the patient whose complaints recurred within the first four weeks after the treatment. The patient was discharged with full recovery after seven days of treatment. Since recurrence and reinfection may occur in P. falciparum malaria, cases should be followed closely after treatment. In patients who develop recurrence, a different artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) than the one preferred first time or non-ACT regimens such as quinine sulfate combinations may be preferred.

References

  • Baker DA. Malaria gametocytogenesis. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 2010;172(2):57-65. doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.03.019
  • Tuteja R. Malaria − an overview. FEBS Journal. 2007;274(18):4670-4679. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05997.x
  • Snow RW, Korenromp EL, Gouws E. Pediatric mortality in Africa: plasmodium falciparum malaria as a cause or risk? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):16-24.
  • WHO. World Malaria Report 2022, 14-30. Acessed October 19, 2023. https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2022.
  • van Geertruyden JP, Thomas F, Erhart A, D'Alessandro U. The contribution of malaria in pregnancy to perinatal mortality. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2 Suppl):35-40.
  • Basu S, Sahi PK. Malaria: An Update. Indian J Pediatr. 2017;84(7):521-528. doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2332-2
  • Kliegman R, Nelson WE, Malaria. Plasmodium. In: Nelson textbook of Paediatrics, vol. 1. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/ Saunders; 2016:1709–1721.
  • Sinden RE, Gilles HM. The malaria parasites. In: Warrell DA, Gilles HM, eds. Essential malariology. 4th edition. London: New York, 2002.
  • WHO guidelines for malaria 2023. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/LwRMXj/section/L0v9rE
  • Zekar L, Sharman T. Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; August 8, 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32310422/
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı: Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı Haber Bülteni, 2019. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/46511/0/haber-bulteni-2022-v7pdf.pdf?_tag1=3F123016BE50268AF4A10917870BF5962AC79ECF
  • Sümer Ş, Demir NA, Ural O, et al. Relaps ile İzlenen Bir Sıtma Olgusu. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018; 42(2): 161-163.
  • Yılmaz M, Alkan ÇS, Gülcan A, et al. Pandemide Maskelenen Tanı: Nüks Sıtma Olgusu. ASUJMS. 2021;2(2):37-38.
  • Tünger Ö, Çakmak A, Özbilgin A, et al. Imported Malaria in Turkey: The Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment of Plasmodium falciparum/Plasmodium vivax Mixed Infection. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2018: 42: 164-167.
  • Fairhurst RM, Dondorp AM. Artemisinin-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(3):10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0013-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EI10-0013-2016
  • Ashley EA, Dhorda M, Fairhurst RM, et al. Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 21;371(8):786]. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):411-423. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1314981
  • Thu AM, Phyo AP, Landier J, Parker DM, Nosten FH. Combating multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. FEBS J. 2017;284(16):2569-2578. doi:10.1111/febs.1412
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Surgery (Other)
Journal Section Book Reviews
Authors

Fatma Kesmez Can 0000-0001-8085-7589

Zeynep Selin Vural 0000-0002-3471-3135

Handan Alay 0000-0002-4406-014X

Ayse Albayrak 0000-0002-6177-4566

Betül Akgün 0009-0000-0398-1068

Kemalettin Özden 0000-0003-3293-5671

Publication Date December 28, 2024
Submission Date November 24, 2023
Acceptance Date August 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Kesmez Can F, Vural ZS, Alay H, Albayrak A, Akgün B, Özden K. REKÜRRENS İLE GELEN SITMA OLGUSU. Atatürk Univ Fac Med J Surg Med Sci. December 2024;3(3):116-119. doi:10.61745/jsmsau.1395520

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