The History of Survey Sampling

Abstract

Survey sampling might have different roots, which include various activities in fields such as agriculture, public administration and social studies. Collection of large data sets for public administration and social studies provided great opportunities for the improvement of sampling methods. In this study, the historical progress of survey sampling that leads us to random sampling methods are summarized. Although sampling theory and applications constitute a separate and important branch in statistical sciences, it was definitely not the case in the beginning. The roots of survey sampling lie in official statistics and social statistics, rather than probability theory and experimental design. Especially political arithmetic is the primary activity that leads sampling to modern sampling theory. However, sampling is counted as an important branch of statistical science after probability theory has become an important element of sampling theory. In this study, the period between social statistics and modern sampling theory, especially 1895-1934 era and Kiaer, Bowley, and Neyman milestones, are examined in detail.

Keywords

• Purposively sampling
• Survey sampling
• Random sampling
• Historical progress
• Representative method

Örneklemeye Dayalı Araştırmaların Tarihçesi

Abstract

Örneklemeye dayalı araştırmaların geçmişi tarım, kamu yönetimi ve sosyal araştırmalar gibi birçok alanda çeşitli faaliyetlere dayanmaktadır. Kamu yönetimi ve sosyal araştırmalarda hükümetler ve bireysel araştırmacılar tarafından büyük veri setlerinin toplanmasının rastsal örnekleme yöntemlerinin gelişimine büyük bir katkısı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada da örneklemeye dayalı araştırmaların bizi rastsal örnekleme yöntemlerine götüren tarihsel gelişim süreci özetlenmektedir. Örnekleme teorisi ve uygulamaları bugün modern istatistik biliminde ayrı ve büyük bir dal haline gelmesine rağmen başlarda durum kesinlikle bu değildir. Örneklemeye dayalı araştırmaların kökleri olasılık teorisi ve deney tasarımındansa daha çok resmi istatistik ve sosyal istatistiklere dayanmaktadır. Özellikle politik aritmetik örneklemeyi modern örnekleme teorisine götüren önemli öncül faaliyetlerdir. Bununla birlikte olasılık teorisi örnekleme teorisinin önemli bir bileşeni haline geldikten sonra örneklemeye istatistik biliminin önemli bir dalı olarak bakılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada sosyal istatistiklerin elde edilmesinden günümüz modern örnekleme teorisine kadar olan süreç, özellikle örnekleme araştırmalarının gelişimi için büyük önem taşıyan 1895-1934 dönemi ve Kiaer, Bowley ve Neyman dönüm noktaları detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Amaca yönelik örnekleme
• Örneklemeye dayalı araştırmalar
• Rastsal örnekleme
• Tarihsel gelişim
• Temsil edici metot

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