Alberts, D. S., Papp, D. S., and National Defense University. (1997). The information age: An anthology on its impacts and consequences. Washington, D. C.: Center for Advanced Concepts and Technology, Advanced Concepts, Technologies, and Information Strategies, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University. google scholar
Alexander, C. (1970). Notes on the synthesis of form. Cambridge, Mass. google scholar
Bartling, R. J. (2019). Hacking Architecture - The Future of Practice. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. google scholar
Carpo M, (1992) Introduction Twenty Years of Digital in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley google scholar
Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd google scholar
Charmaz, K. and Belgrave, L. L. (2007). Grounded Theory. In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (pp. 2023-2027). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. google scholar
Chastain, T., Kalay, Y., and Peri, C. (2002), Square peg in a round hole or horseless carriage? Reflections on the use of computing in architecture, Automation in construction, 11 (2), pp. 237 - 248 google scholar
Chiesa, G. (2020). Technological Paradigms and Digital Eras: Data-driven Visionsfor Building Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing. google scholar
Cross, N. (1977). The automated architect. London: Pion. google scholar
Eisenman, P.D. & Eastman, C. (1992). Visions unfolding: architecture in the age of electronic media. in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley google scholar
F. E. Jernigan, (2007) Big BIMLittle BIM, 4Site Press, Salisbury, Maryland. google scholar
Floridi, L. (2015). The onlife manifesto: Being human in a hyperconnected era. Cham: Springer Open google scholar
Freeman, C. & Soete, L. (1994) Work for all or mass unemployment. Computerised technical change into the 21st centry. London: Pinter Publishers, 193. google scholar
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Oxon, London: Routledge. google scholar
Harrison, R. G., & Larson, E. L. (January 01, 2014). Hybridization, introgression, and the nature of species boundaries. The Journal of Heredity, 795-809. google scholar
Hoda, Rashina & Noble, James & Marshall, Stuart. (2012). Developing a grounded theory to explain the practices of self-organizing Agile teams. Empirical Software Engineering - ESE. 17. 1-31. google scholar
Kalay, Y. E. (May 01, 2006). The impact of information technology on design methods, products and practices. Design Studies, 27, 3, 357-380 google scholar
Lallana, E. C., Uy, M. N., (2003). The information age. Manila: E-ASEAN Task Force. google scholar
Lu, Y., Li, Y., Skibniewski, M., Wu, Z., Wang, R., & Le, Y. (January 01, 2015). Information and Communication Technology Applications in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Organizations: A 15-Year Review. Journal of Management in Engineering, 31, 1.) google scholar
Mansell, R. and Steinmueller, W. E. (2000) Mobilizing the Information Society: Strategies for Growth and Opportunity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
McCullough, M. (2006). Scripting in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley, , 182-187 google scholar
Mitchell, W. J.(1977). Teaching computer aided architectural design at UCLA. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Architecture and Urban Planning. google scholar
Nederveen Pieterse, J. (1993). Globalization as hybridization. ISS Working Paper Series/General Series, 152, 1-18. google scholar
Negroponte, N. (1975). Soft Architecture Machines. Cambridge, Mass. / London: MIT Press. google scholar
Oxman, R. (2006). Theory and design in the first digital age. Design studies, 27(3), 229-265 google scholar
Pavan, A., Lupica Spagnolo, S., Caffi, V., Mirarchi, C., & Daniotti, B. (2020). National BIM Digital Platform for Construction (INNOVance Project). In Digital Transformation of the Design, Construction and Management Processes of the Built Environment (pp. 3-15). Springer, Cham. google scholar
Pena, W. M., Focke, J. W., & Caudill, Rowlett and Scott, Architects, Houston, TX. (1969). Problem Seeking. New Directions in Architectural Programming. Caudill, Rowlett & Scott, Architects, CRS Building, 1111 West Loop South, Houston, Texas 77027 google scholar
Pantazis, E. & Gerber, D. J. (2019) Beyond geometric complexity: a critical review of complexity theory and how it relates to architecture engineering and construction, Architectural Science Review google scholar
Picon, A. (2019). Digital fabrication, between disruption and nostalgia. In Instabilities and Potentialities (pp. 223-238). Routledge. google scholar
Ptichnikova, G. (2020, September). Hybridization in Architecture. In The 2nd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI2020) (pp. 256-259). Atlantis Press. google scholar
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. google scholar
Webster, F. (2001). Theories of the information society. London: Routledge google scholar
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) impact and adaptation issues to emerging technologies have been widely researched in many sectors, as information has become vital to any business activity. Architectural practice, as an informationcentric profession, is directly affected by the transformation and development of ICT. However, research on the impact of ICT on architects and architectural offices in Turkey has been limited. This study uses Grounded Theory methodology to study six cases with different ICT adaptation levels and workflows. The case study shows that architects can hybridize with new technology at the very beginning of the practice. However, increasing complexity due to the continuous transformation of ICT disrupts the habitat of hybrid architects. The disruption leads to a new hybridization phase, a complicated process for an architect who has to change the mindset of an earlier period.
Alberts, D. S., Papp, D. S., and National Defense University. (1997). The information age: An anthology on its impacts and consequences. Washington, D. C.: Center for Advanced Concepts and Technology, Advanced Concepts, Technologies, and Information Strategies, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University. google scholar
Alexander, C. (1970). Notes on the synthesis of form. Cambridge, Mass. google scholar
Bartling, R. J. (2019). Hacking Architecture - The Future of Practice. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. google scholar
Carpo M, (1992) Introduction Twenty Years of Digital in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley google scholar
Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd google scholar
Charmaz, K. and Belgrave, L. L. (2007). Grounded Theory. In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (pp. 2023-2027). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. google scholar
Chastain, T., Kalay, Y., and Peri, C. (2002), Square peg in a round hole or horseless carriage? Reflections on the use of computing in architecture, Automation in construction, 11 (2), pp. 237 - 248 google scholar
Chiesa, G. (2020). Technological Paradigms and Digital Eras: Data-driven Visionsfor Building Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing. google scholar
Cross, N. (1977). The automated architect. London: Pion. google scholar
Eisenman, P.D. & Eastman, C. (1992). Visions unfolding: architecture in the age of electronic media. in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley google scholar
F. E. Jernigan, (2007) Big BIMLittle BIM, 4Site Press, Salisbury, Maryland. google scholar
Floridi, L. (2015). The onlife manifesto: Being human in a hyperconnected era. Cham: Springer Open google scholar
Freeman, C. & Soete, L. (1994) Work for all or mass unemployment. Computerised technical change into the 21st centry. London: Pinter Publishers, 193. google scholar
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Oxon, London: Routledge. google scholar
Harrison, R. G., & Larson, E. L. (January 01, 2014). Hybridization, introgression, and the nature of species boundaries. The Journal of Heredity, 795-809. google scholar
Hoda, Rashina & Noble, James & Marshall, Stuart. (2012). Developing a grounded theory to explain the practices of self-organizing Agile teams. Empirical Software Engineering - ESE. 17. 1-31. google scholar
Kalay, Y. E. (May 01, 2006). The impact of information technology on design methods, products and practices. Design Studies, 27, 3, 357-380 google scholar
Lallana, E. C., Uy, M. N., (2003). The information age. Manila: E-ASEAN Task Force. google scholar
Lu, Y., Li, Y., Skibniewski, M., Wu, Z., Wang, R., & Le, Y. (January 01, 2015). Information and Communication Technology Applications in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Organizations: A 15-Year Review. Journal of Management in Engineering, 31, 1.) google scholar
Mansell, R. and Steinmueller, W. E. (2000) Mobilizing the Information Society: Strategies for Growth and Opportunity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
McCullough, M. (2006). Scripting in Carpo, M. (2013). The digital turn in architecture 1992-2012. Chichester: Wiley, , 182-187 google scholar
Mitchell, W. J.(1977). Teaching computer aided architectural design at UCLA. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Architecture and Urban Planning. google scholar
Nederveen Pieterse, J. (1993). Globalization as hybridization. ISS Working Paper Series/General Series, 152, 1-18. google scholar
Negroponte, N. (1975). Soft Architecture Machines. Cambridge, Mass. / London: MIT Press. google scholar
Oxman, R. (2006). Theory and design in the first digital age. Design studies, 27(3), 229-265 google scholar
Pavan, A., Lupica Spagnolo, S., Caffi, V., Mirarchi, C., & Daniotti, B. (2020). National BIM Digital Platform for Construction (INNOVance Project). In Digital Transformation of the Design, Construction and Management Processes of the Built Environment (pp. 3-15). Springer, Cham. google scholar
Pena, W. M., Focke, J. W., & Caudill, Rowlett and Scott, Architects, Houston, TX. (1969). Problem Seeking. New Directions in Architectural Programming. Caudill, Rowlett & Scott, Architects, CRS Building, 1111 West Loop South, Houston, Texas 77027 google scholar
Pantazis, E. & Gerber, D. J. (2019) Beyond geometric complexity: a critical review of complexity theory and how it relates to architecture engineering and construction, Architectural Science Review google scholar
Picon, A. (2019). Digital fabrication, between disruption and nostalgia. In Instabilities and Potentialities (pp. 223-238). Routledge. google scholar
Ptichnikova, G. (2020, September). Hybridization in Architecture. In The 2nd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI2020) (pp. 256-259). Atlantis Press. google scholar
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. google scholar
Webster, F. (2001). Theories of the information society. London: Routledge google scholar
İşlek, E., & Şalgamcıoğlu, M. E. (2023). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process. Journal of Technology in Architecture, Design and Planning, 1(1), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTADP.01.003
AMA
İşlek E, Şalgamcıoğlu ME. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process. JTADP. June 2023;1(1):50-63. doi:10.26650/JTADP.01.003
Chicago
İşlek, Emre, and Mehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu. “Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process”. Journal of Technology in Architecture, Design and Planning 1, no. 1 (June 2023): 50-63. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTADP.01.003.
EndNote
İşlek E, Şalgamcıoğlu ME (June 1, 2023) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process. Journal of Technology in Architecture, Design and Planning 1 1 50–63.
IEEE
E. İşlek and M. E. Şalgamcıoğlu, “Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process”, JTADP, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 50–63, 2023, doi: 10.26650/JTADP.01.003.
ISNAD
İşlek, Emre - Şalgamcıoğlu, Mehmet Emin. “Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process”. Journal of Technology in Architecture, Design and Planning 1/1 (June 2023), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.26650/JTADP.01.003.
JAMA
İşlek E, Şalgamcıoğlu ME. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process. JTADP. 2023;1:50–63.
MLA
İşlek, Emre and Mehmet Emin Şalgamcıoğlu. “Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process”. Journal of Technology in Architecture, Design and Planning, vol. 1, no. 1, 2023, pp. 50-63, doi:10.26650/JTADP.01.003.
Vancouver
İşlek E, Şalgamcıoğlu ME. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Impact on Architects: Disruption and Hybridization Process. JTADP. 2023;1(1):50-63.