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Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 275 - 296, 01.12.2017

Abstract

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References

  • Allen, D. S. (2006). The push to excellence. Journal of Staff Development, 27(1), 55- 61.
  • Beachum, F., &Dentith, A. M. (2004). Teacher leaders creating cultures of school re- newal and transformation. The Educational Forum,68(3), 276-288.
  • Beamer, T., Sickle, M. V., Harrison, G., & Temple, G. (2008). Lasting Impact of a Pro- fessional Development Program on Constructivist Science Teaching. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 20(4), 49-60.
  • Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the ter- rain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), 3-15.
  • Bredeson, P. V. (2003). Designs for Learning: A New Architecture for Professional Development in Schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Brooks, J. S. (2006). The Dark Side of School Reform: Teaching in The Space Between Reality and Utopia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Bubb, S., &Earley, P. (2007). Leading and Managing Continuing Professional Devel- opment (2nd ed.). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
  • Callahan, S., & Spalding, E. (2006). Can high-stakes writing assessment support high- quality professional development? The Educational Forum, 70(4), 337-351.
  • Carroll, T. (2009). The next generation of learning teams. Phi Delta Kappan, 91(2), 8.
  • Chalmers, L., & Keown, P. (2006). Communities of practice and professional develop- ment. International Journal of Lifelong, 25(2), 139-156.
  • Clandinin, D.J. & Connelly, F.M. (1994). Personal Experience Methods. In: Denzin NK & Lincoln YS (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications: 413–427.
  • Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F.M. (2000). Narrative Inquiry. Experience and Story in Qualitative Research. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Colantonia, J. N. (2005). On Target: Combined instructional supervision and staff development. Professional learning, 30-34.
  • Connelly, F. M.&Clandinin, D.J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19(5), 2-14.
  • Danaher, S., Price, J., &Kluth, P. (2009). Come to the fair. Educational Leadership: How Teachers Learn, 66(5), 70-72.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. W. (1995). Policies that support profes- sional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597-604.
  • DuFour, R. (2004). What is a “professional learning community”? Educational Lead- ership, 61(8), 6-11.
  • Edwards, C. H. (2011). Educational Change: From Traditional Education to Learning
  • Communities. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2002). Bridging the Gap Between Standards and Achievement. Wash- ington, DC, USA: Albert Shanker Institute.
  • Elias, J.L., & Merriam, S. (2005). Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education (3rd ed.). Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger.
  • Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From Preparation to Practice: Designing a Continuum to Strengthen and Sustain Teaching. Teachers College Record 103(6), 1013-1055.
  • Fekede T., & Fiorucci, M., (2012). Examining Quality Issues in Primary Schools in Ethiopia: Implication for the Attainment of the Education for All Goals. Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies 5,129-150.
  • Gemeda,F.T., Fiorucci, M.,&Catarci, M. (2013). Teachers’ professional development in schools: rhetoric versus reality. Journal of Profes- sional Development in Education, DOI:10.1080/19415257.2012.759988
  • Fink, E. & Resnick, L. B. (2001). Developing principals as instructional leaders. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 598-606.
  • Gemeda, F. T., &Tynjälä, P. (2015). Professional Learning of Teachers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Implications for Reform. Australian Journal of Teacher Educa- tion, 40(5). Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol40/iss5/1
  • Glanz, J. (2002). Finding your leadership style: a guide for educators. VIRGINIA USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Guskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating Professional Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
  • Fullan, M., & Hargreaves, A. (1996). What’s Worth Fighting for in Your School. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching In The Knowledge Society: Education in the Age of Insecurity (Vol. Columbia University, New York): Teachers College Press.
  • Harpaz, Y. (2005). Teaching and Learning in a Community of Thinking. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 20(2), 136-157.
  • Hassad, Rossi A. (2011) Constructivist and Behaviorist Approaches: Development and Initial the College Level,” Numeracy: 4(2) Retrieved march 10,2013, from: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol4/iss2/art7
  • Heikkinen, H. L. T., Tynjälä, P., & Jokinen, H.(2012). Teacher education and develop- ment as lifelong and lifewide learning. In: H. L. Heikkinen, P. Tynjälä, & H. Joki- nen (Eds.), Peer-Group Mentoring for Teacher Development (pp.3-30). London: Routledge
  • Hodkinson, H., & Hodkinson, P. (2005). Improving schoolteachers’ workplace learn- ing. Research Papers in Education, 20(2), 109-131.
  • Illeris, K. (2006). What is special about adult learning? In P. Sutherland & J. Crowther (Eds.), Lifelong Learning: Concepts and Contexts (pp. 15-23). London: Rout- ledge.
  • Jehlen, A. (2007). Professional development. NEA Today, 26, 36-37.
  • Kelleher, J. (2003). A model of assessment-driven professional development. Phi Del- ta Kappan: The Professional Journal of Education,84(10), 751-756.
  • Kemmis, S., Wilkinson, J., Edwards-Groves, C., Hardy, I., Grootenboer, P., & Bristol, L. (2014). Changing Practices, Changing Education. Singapore: Springer.
  • Kincheloe, J. L. (2008). Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy: An Introduction: Springer.
  • Kleinhenz, E., & Fleming, J. (2007). Towards a Moving School :Developing a profes- sional learning and performance culture. Victoria Australian: Australian Council for Educational Research Press.
  • Knowles, M., Holton, E. F. & Swanson, R. A. (2005). The Adult Learner: The Defini- tive Classic In Adult Education and Human Development. Boston: Elsevier.
  • Kwakman, K. (2003). Factors affecting teachers’ participation in professional learning activities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 149–170.
  • Lambert, L., Walker, D., Zimmerman, D., Cooper, J., Lambert, M., Gardner, M., et al. (2002). The constructivist leader (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Lambert, L. (1998). Building Leadership Capacity in Schools. Alexandria, VA: Asso- ciation for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Lauer, D., & Matthews, M. (2007). Teachers steer their own learning. Journal of Pro- fessional Development, 28(2), 36-41.
  • Lemlem, T. (2010). Review of some recent literature: Identifying factors that affect Ethiopia’s education crisis. Ethiopian E-Journal for Research and Innovative Foresight, 2 (2), 56-68.
  • Liu, W., Carr, R., & Strobel, J. (2009). Extending teacher professional development through an online learning community: A case study. Journal of Educational Technology Development & Exchange, 2(1), 99-112.
  • McCarthy, E. H. (2006). When teachers take professional development personally. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 71(7), 45- 49.
  • McLaughlin, M. &Mitra, D. (2001). Theory-based change and change based theory: Going deeper, going broader. Journal of Educational Change 2, 301-323.
  • Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mishler , E. G. ( 1995 ). Models of narrative analysis: A typology. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 5 (2), 87–123.
  • Mitchell, C. (1999). Building Learning Communities in Schools: The Next Generation or the Impossible Dream? Interchange, 30(3), 283-303.
  • Minstry of Education [MoE]. (2003). Continuous Professional Development for School Teachers (a guideline). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.
  • Minstry of Education [MoE]. (2009). Continuous Professional Development for Pri- mary and Secondary School Teachers, Leaders and Supervisors in Ethiopia: The Framework. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.
  • Neubert, G., &Binko, J. (1998). Professional development school- The proof is in the performance. Educational Leadership, 49(5), 44-48.
  • O’Hara, S., & Pritchard, R. H. (2008). Meeting the challenge of diversity: Profession- al development for teacher educators. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(1), 43- 61.
  • Oulai, D., Lugaz, C., Minas, A., Teklehaimanot, H., Bernal, M., & Edward, M. (2011). Analysis of capacity development in educational planning and management in Ethiopia. UNESCO/IIEP, Paris.
  • Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing Teacher Professional Learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376-407.
  • Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of constructiv- ism. Educational Researcher, 24(7), 5.12.
  • Pittinsky, M. (2005). No teacher left behind. THE Journal, 32(11), 32-34.
  • Prawat, R. S. &Floden, R. E., (1994). Philosophical perspectives on constructivist views of learning. Educational Psychologist,29, 37–48.
  • Putnam, R. T., & Borko, H. (2000). What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational Researcher, 29(1), 4–15.
  • Riessman , C. K. ( 2007 ). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Schlager, M. S., & Fusco, J. (2003). Teacher professional development, technology, and communities of practice: Are we putting the cart before the horse? Informa- tion Society, 19(3), 203-220.
  • Shroyer, G., Yahnke, S., Bennett, A., & Dunn, C. (2007). Simultaneous renewal through professional development school partnerships. Journal of Educational Research, 100(4), 211-223.
  • Sparks, D. (2002). Designing powerful professional development for teachers and principals. Oxford, OH: National Staff Development Council.
  • Sparks, D., & Hirsh, S. (2000). Strengthening professional development. Education Week, 19, 42.
  • Stoll, L. (2009). Capacity building for school improvement or creating capacity for learning? A changing landscape. Journal of Educational Change, 10, 115–127.
  • Supovitz, J., & Turner, H. (2000). The effects of professional development on science teaching practices and classroom culture. Journal of Research in Science Teach- ing, 37(9), 963–980.
  • Taylor, B.M., Pearson, P.D., Clark, K., &Walpole, S. (2000). Effective schools and accomplished teachers: Lessons about primary-grade reading instructions in low income schools. The Elementary School Journal, 101,121-165.
  • Timperley, H.S. (2011). Realizing the Power of Professional Learning. London, Open University Press.
  • Tomlinson, C. A. (2005). Traveling the road to differentiation in staff development. National Staff development Council, 26(4), 8–12.
  • Vavrus, F., Thomas, M., & Bartlett, L. (2011). Ensuring quality by attending to inquiry: learner-centred pedagogy in sub-Saharan Africa. Addis Ababa: UNESCO-IIC- BA.
  • Westwood, P. (2004) Learning and Learning Difficulties: A Handbook for Teachers. Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd.
  • Wei, R. C., Darling-Hammond, L., Andree, A., Richardson, N. & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher devel- opment in the United States and abroad. Dallas, TX. National Staff Development Council.
  • Zeichner, K. (2013). Two Visions of Teaching and Teacher Education for the Twenty- First Century In X. Zhu & K. Zeichner (Eds.), Preparing Teachers for the 21st Century (pp. 3-19). Berlin: Springer.
  • Zepeda, S. J. (2008). Professional development: What works. Larchmont, NY: Eye On Education.
  • Zmuda, A., Kuklis, R., & Kline., E. (2004). Transforming Schools: Creating A Cul- ture Of Continuous Improvement. Virginia USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Teachers Professional Development in schools: Reflection on the Move to Create a Culture of Continuous Improvement

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 275 - 296, 01.12.2017

Abstract

Professional development of teacher is acknowledged to be centrally important in maintaining and enhancing the quality of teaching and learning in schools. Cognizant of this, nationwide professional development has been designed and enacted since 2003 in Ethiopia. This paper aims to reflect on the practices of teachers’ professional development in schools. In so doing, it relied on the narratives of three informants, current literature and the experiences of the researcher as an insider and teacher educator. Methodologically, the study employed narrative research, which is the process of studying and understanding experience through story telling. The findings indicated that the participants found the current teacher professional development problematic and unhelpful to bring the desired change in teachers classroom practice and student learning. The available teacher professional development was narrowly understood, poorly practiced, and orchestrated tightly from the top

References

  • Allen, D. S. (2006). The push to excellence. Journal of Staff Development, 27(1), 55- 61.
  • Beachum, F., &Dentith, A. M. (2004). Teacher leaders creating cultures of school re- newal and transformation. The Educational Forum,68(3), 276-288.
  • Beamer, T., Sickle, M. V., Harrison, G., & Temple, G. (2008). Lasting Impact of a Pro- fessional Development Program on Constructivist Science Teaching. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 20(4), 49-60.
  • Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the ter- rain. Educational Researcher, 33(8), 3-15.
  • Bredeson, P. V. (2003). Designs for Learning: A New Architecture for Professional Development in Schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  • Brooks, J. S. (2006). The Dark Side of School Reform: Teaching in The Space Between Reality and Utopia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Bubb, S., &Earley, P. (2007). Leading and Managing Continuing Professional Devel- opment (2nd ed.). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
  • Callahan, S., & Spalding, E. (2006). Can high-stakes writing assessment support high- quality professional development? The Educational Forum, 70(4), 337-351.
  • Carroll, T. (2009). The next generation of learning teams. Phi Delta Kappan, 91(2), 8.
  • Chalmers, L., & Keown, P. (2006). Communities of practice and professional develop- ment. International Journal of Lifelong, 25(2), 139-156.
  • Clandinin, D.J. & Connelly, F.M. (1994). Personal Experience Methods. In: Denzin NK & Lincoln YS (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications: 413–427.
  • Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F.M. (2000). Narrative Inquiry. Experience and Story in Qualitative Research. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Publishers.
  • Colantonia, J. N. (2005). On Target: Combined instructional supervision and staff development. Professional learning, 30-34.
  • Connelly, F. M.&Clandinin, D.J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher, 19(5), 2-14.
  • Danaher, S., Price, J., &Kluth, P. (2009). Come to the fair. Educational Leadership: How Teachers Learn, 66(5), 70-72.
  • Darling-Hammond, L., & McLaughlin, M. W. (1995). Policies that support profes- sional development in an era of reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(8), 597-604.
  • DuFour, R. (2004). What is a “professional learning community”? Educational Lead- ership, 61(8), 6-11.
  • Edwards, C. H. (2011). Educational Change: From Traditional Education to Learning
  • Communities. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education.
  • Elmore, R. F. (2002). Bridging the Gap Between Standards and Achievement. Wash- ington, DC, USA: Albert Shanker Institute.
  • Elias, J.L., & Merriam, S. (2005). Philosophical Foundations of Adult Education (3rd ed.). Malabar, FL: Robert E. Krieger.
  • Feiman-Nemser, S. (2001). From Preparation to Practice: Designing a Continuum to Strengthen and Sustain Teaching. Teachers College Record 103(6), 1013-1055.
  • Fekede T., & Fiorucci, M., (2012). Examining Quality Issues in Primary Schools in Ethiopia: Implication for the Attainment of the Education for All Goals. Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies 5,129-150.
  • Gemeda,F.T., Fiorucci, M.,&Catarci, M. (2013). Teachers’ professional development in schools: rhetoric versus reality. Journal of Profes- sional Development in Education, DOI:10.1080/19415257.2012.759988
  • Fink, E. & Resnick, L. B. (2001). Developing principals as instructional leaders. Phi Delta Kappan, 82, 598-606.
  • Gemeda, F. T., &Tynjälä, P. (2015). Professional Learning of Teachers in Ethiopia: Challenges and Implications for Reform. Australian Journal of Teacher Educa- tion, 40(5). Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/ajte/vol40/iss5/1
  • Glanz, J. (2002). Finding your leadership style: a guide for educators. VIRGINIA USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Guskey, T. R. (2000). Evaluating Professional Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
  • Fullan, M., & Hargreaves, A. (1996). What’s Worth Fighting for in Your School. New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Hargreaves, A. (2003). Teaching In The Knowledge Society: Education in the Age of Insecurity (Vol. Columbia University, New York): Teachers College Press.
  • Harpaz, Y. (2005). Teaching and Learning in a Community of Thinking. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 20(2), 136-157.
  • Hassad, Rossi A. (2011) Constructivist and Behaviorist Approaches: Development and Initial the College Level,” Numeracy: 4(2) Retrieved march 10,2013, from: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/numeracy/vol4/iss2/art7
  • Heikkinen, H. L. T., Tynjälä, P., & Jokinen, H.(2012). Teacher education and develop- ment as lifelong and lifewide learning. In: H. L. Heikkinen, P. Tynjälä, & H. Joki- nen (Eds.), Peer-Group Mentoring for Teacher Development (pp.3-30). London: Routledge
  • Hodkinson, H., & Hodkinson, P. (2005). Improving schoolteachers’ workplace learn- ing. Research Papers in Education, 20(2), 109-131.
  • Illeris, K. (2006). What is special about adult learning? In P. Sutherland & J. Crowther (Eds.), Lifelong Learning: Concepts and Contexts (pp. 15-23). London: Rout- ledge.
  • Jehlen, A. (2007). Professional development. NEA Today, 26, 36-37.
  • Kelleher, J. (2003). A model of assessment-driven professional development. Phi Del- ta Kappan: The Professional Journal of Education,84(10), 751-756.
  • Kemmis, S., Wilkinson, J., Edwards-Groves, C., Hardy, I., Grootenboer, P., & Bristol, L. (2014). Changing Practices, Changing Education. Singapore: Springer.
  • Kincheloe, J. L. (2008). Knowledge and Critical Pedagogy: An Introduction: Springer.
  • Kleinhenz, E., & Fleming, J. (2007). Towards a Moving School :Developing a profes- sional learning and performance culture. Victoria Australian: Australian Council for Educational Research Press.
  • Knowles, M., Holton, E. F. & Swanson, R. A. (2005). The Adult Learner: The Defini- tive Classic In Adult Education and Human Development. Boston: Elsevier.
  • Kwakman, K. (2003). Factors affecting teachers’ participation in professional learning activities. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19, 149–170.
  • Lambert, L., Walker, D., Zimmerman, D., Cooper, J., Lambert, M., Gardner, M., et al. (2002). The constructivist leader (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Lambert, L. (1998). Building Leadership Capacity in Schools. Alexandria, VA: Asso- ciation for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Lauer, D., & Matthews, M. (2007). Teachers steer their own learning. Journal of Pro- fessional Development, 28(2), 36-41.
  • Lemlem, T. (2010). Review of some recent literature: Identifying factors that affect Ethiopia’s education crisis. Ethiopian E-Journal for Research and Innovative Foresight, 2 (2), 56-68.
  • Liu, W., Carr, R., & Strobel, J. (2009). Extending teacher professional development through an online learning community: A case study. Journal of Educational Technology Development & Exchange, 2(1), 99-112.
  • McCarthy, E. H. (2006). When teachers take professional development personally. Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 71(7), 45- 49.
  • McLaughlin, M. &Mitra, D. (2001). Theory-based change and change based theory: Going deeper, going broader. Journal of Educational Change 2, 301-323.
  • Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Mishler , E. G. ( 1995 ). Models of narrative analysis: A typology. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 5 (2), 87–123.
  • Mitchell, C. (1999). Building Learning Communities in Schools: The Next Generation or the Impossible Dream? Interchange, 30(3), 283-303.
  • Minstry of Education [MoE]. (2003). Continuous Professional Development for School Teachers (a guideline). Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.
  • Minstry of Education [MoE]. (2009). Continuous Professional Development for Pri- mary and Secondary School Teachers, Leaders and Supervisors in Ethiopia: The Framework. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Education.
  • Neubert, G., &Binko, J. (1998). Professional development school- The proof is in the performance. Educational Leadership, 49(5), 44-48.
  • O’Hara, S., & Pritchard, R. H. (2008). Meeting the challenge of diversity: Profession- al development for teacher educators. Teacher Education Quarterly, 35(1), 43- 61.
  • Oulai, D., Lugaz, C., Minas, A., Teklehaimanot, H., Bernal, M., & Edward, M. (2011). Analysis of capacity development in educational planning and management in Ethiopia. UNESCO/IIEP, Paris.
  • Opfer, V. D., & Pedder, D. (2011). Conceptualizing Teacher Professional Learning. Review of Educational Research, 81(3), 376-407.
  • Phillips, D. C. (1995). The good, the bad, and the ugly: The many faces of constructiv- ism. Educational Researcher, 24(7), 5.12.
  • Pittinsky, M. (2005). No teacher left behind. THE Journal, 32(11), 32-34.
  • Prawat, R. S. &Floden, R. E., (1994). Philosophical perspectives on constructivist views of learning. Educational Psychologist,29, 37–48.
  • Putnam, R. T., & Borko, H. (2000). What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational Researcher, 29(1), 4–15.
  • Riessman , C. K. ( 2007 ). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Schlager, M. S., & Fusco, J. (2003). Teacher professional development, technology, and communities of practice: Are we putting the cart before the horse? Informa- tion Society, 19(3), 203-220.
  • Shroyer, G., Yahnke, S., Bennett, A., & Dunn, C. (2007). Simultaneous renewal through professional development school partnerships. Journal of Educational Research, 100(4), 211-223.
  • Sparks, D. (2002). Designing powerful professional development for teachers and principals. Oxford, OH: National Staff Development Council.
  • Sparks, D., & Hirsh, S. (2000). Strengthening professional development. Education Week, 19, 42.
  • Stoll, L. (2009). Capacity building for school improvement or creating capacity for learning? A changing landscape. Journal of Educational Change, 10, 115–127.
  • Supovitz, J., & Turner, H. (2000). The effects of professional development on science teaching practices and classroom culture. Journal of Research in Science Teach- ing, 37(9), 963–980.
  • Taylor, B.M., Pearson, P.D., Clark, K., &Walpole, S. (2000). Effective schools and accomplished teachers: Lessons about primary-grade reading instructions in low income schools. The Elementary School Journal, 101,121-165.
  • Timperley, H.S. (2011). Realizing the Power of Professional Learning. London, Open University Press.
  • Tomlinson, C. A. (2005). Traveling the road to differentiation in staff development. National Staff development Council, 26(4), 8–12.
  • Vavrus, F., Thomas, M., & Bartlett, L. (2011). Ensuring quality by attending to inquiry: learner-centred pedagogy in sub-Saharan Africa. Addis Ababa: UNESCO-IIC- BA.
  • Westwood, P. (2004) Learning and Learning Difficulties: A Handbook for Teachers. Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd.
  • Wei, R. C., Darling-Hammond, L., Andree, A., Richardson, N. & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher devel- opment in the United States and abroad. Dallas, TX. National Staff Development Council.
  • Zeichner, K. (2013). Two Visions of Teaching and Teacher Education for the Twenty- First Century In X. Zhu & K. Zeichner (Eds.), Preparing Teachers for the 21st Century (pp. 3-19). Berlin: Springer.
  • Zepeda, S. J. (2008). Professional development: What works. Larchmont, NY: Eye On Education.
  • Zmuda, A., Kuklis, R., & Kline., E. (2004). Transforming Schools: Creating A Cul- ture Of Continuous Improvement. Virginia USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA38GE34PT
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fekede Tuli This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Tuli, F. (2017). Teachers Professional Development in schools: Reflection on the Move to Create a Culture of Continuous Improvement. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 6(3), 275-296.