Analysis of Climate Change and Tourism Related Studies with Visual Mapping Technique

Abstract

Climate change is a subject discussed by researchers in a wide range of aspects. This study aims to investigate the situation of climate change and tourism-related research in the international tourism literature. In doing so, the study employs the document review method within the scope of descriptive analysis. In this context, the study chooses the Web of Science database as the research area, and the visual maps are utilized with the help of Citespace and VosViwer software. Scanning the words climate change and tourism from the Web of Science database, the study considers 393 articles published between 1998-2022 (May). Thus, its research sample consists of 393 articles. Evaluating the study's findings coherently, the study reveals that research published within this context gains momentum, particularly in 2007, while 2011 is the year with the most publications. Within the institution-based evaluation, the League of European Research Universities Leru and the University of Waterloo are the two universities with the highest publication rate on the topic. According to the distribution of WOS categories, the Hospitality Leisure Sport Tourism category has been the field in which most research is published. Besides, the articles are predominantly published in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism. The Social Sciences Citation Index is the index in which the articles are frequently scanned. According to the analysis of collaboration among authors, Scott, Hall, Becken, and Gossling are the pioneer researchers on the subject. On the other side, Citation Explosion Model points out that the most cited researcher is Becken. While the researcher who published on this subject on his own is Scott, the most cited single authors are Elsasser and Burki. Ranking the countries in their publication number among countries, Australia, the United States of America, and Canada are shown to be the most prosperous countries, respectively. When examining the entire sample set of research in terms of keywords, the study shows climate change is the most frequently used keyword.

Keywords

• Climate Change
• Visual Mapping
• Tourism.

References

1. Alizadeh, M., Mirzaei, R. and Dittmann, A. (2021). Climate Change and its Potential Impacts on Sustainable Tourism Development, Anatolia, 32(3), 443 455.
2. Amelung, B. and Nicholls, S. (2014). Implications of Climate Change for Tourism in Australia. Tourism Management, 41, 228-244.
3. Amelung, B., Nicholls, S. and Viner, D. (2007). Implications of Global Climate Change for Tourism Flows and Seasonality. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 285-296.
4. Bayazıt, S. (2018). İklim Değişikliği ve Turizm İlişkisinin Türkiye İç Turizmi Açısından İncelenmesi. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 29(2), 221-231.
5. Bigano, A., Bosello, F., Roson, R. and Tol, R. S. J. (2008). Economy-Wide Impacts of Climate Change: A Joint Analysis for Sea Level Rise and Tourism. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Globabal Change, 13, 765–791.
6. Caney, S. (2015). Climate Change. Darrel Moellendorf and Heather Widdows (Eds.), In The Routledge Handbook of Global Ethics, New York.Routledge.
7. Coldrey, K. M. and Turpie, J. K. (2020). Potential Impacts of Changing Climate on Nature-Based Tourism: A Case Study of South Africa's National Parks. Koedoe: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 62(1), 1-12.
8. Dawson, J. and Scott, D. (2007). Climate Change Vulnerability of the Vermont Ski Tourism Industry USA, Annals of Leisure Research, 10 (3-4), 550-572.

9. Dodds, R. and Kelman, I. (2008). How Climate Change is Considered in Sustainable Tourism Policies: A Case of The Mediterranean Islands of Malta and Mallorca. Tourism Review International, 12 (1), 57-70.
10. Dumitrescu, G.-C., Poladian, S. M. and Aluculesei, A. C. (2021). Repositioning of Romanian Seaside Tourism as an Effect of Climate Change. Information, 12, 108.
11. Elsasser, H. and Bürki, R. (2002). Climate Change as a Threat to Tourism in the Alps, Climate Change, 20, 253-257.
12. Friedrich, J., Stahl, J., Hoogendoorn, G. and Fitchett, J. M. (2020). Exploring Climate Change Threats to Beach Tourism Destinations: Application of the Hazard–Activity Pairs Methodology to South Africa. Weather, Climate and Society, 12(3), 529–544.
13. Hall, C. H. (2016). Heritage, Heritage Tourism and Climate Change. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 11(1), 1-9.
14. Haines, A. and Patz J. A. (2004). Health Effects of Climate Change. Jama, 291(1), 99-103.
15. Hamilton, J. M., Maddison, D. J. and Tol, R. S. J. (2005). Effects of Climate Change on International Tourism. Climate Resarch, 29, 245–254.
16. Jenkins, K. and Sarah, N. (2010). The Impacts of Climate Variability and Potential Climate Change on Tourism Business in Torbay, England and Implications for Adaptation. Tourism Analysis, 15(1), 17-30.
17. Leal, W. (2022). Will Climate Change Disrupt the Tourism Sector?. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 14(2), 212-217.
18. McCreary, A., Seekamp, E., Larson, L. R., Smith, J. and Davenport, M. A. (2020). Climate Change and Nature-Based Tourism: How Do Different Types of Visitors Respond?, Tourism Planning & Development, 1-19.
19. McMichael, A. J. and Haines, A. (1997). Global Climate Change: The Potential Effects on Health. Bmj, 315(7111), 805-809.
20. Müller, H. and Weber, F. (2008). Climate Change and Tourism – Scenario Analysis for the Bernese Oberland in 2030. Tourism Review, 63(3), 57-71.
21. Njoroge, J. M., Ratter, B. M., Atieno, L. and Mugabe, I. M. (2020). Employing the Enhanced Regional Tourism Sustainable Adaptation Framework with a Case Study of Climate Change Vulnerability in Mombasa, Kenya. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(1), 56–71.
22. Nyaupane, G. P. and Chhetri, N. (2009). Vulnerability to Climate Change of Nature-Based Tourism in the Nepalese Himalayas. Tourism Geographies, 11(1), 95-119.
23. Olefs, M., Formayer, H., Gobiet, A., Marke, T., Schöner, W. and Revesz, M. (2021). Past and Future Changes of the Austrian Climate – Importance for Tourism. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34, 1-13.
24. Palmentieri, S. (2020). Sustainable Tourism: A Valid Remedy Against Climate Change Impact in Every Context. The Svalbard and Kiribati Archipelagos. AIMS Geosciences, 6(2), 151-170.
25. Pang, S. F.H., McKercher, B. and Prideaux, B. (2012). Climate Change and Tourism: An Overview. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(1-2), 4-20.
26. Perch-Nielsen, S. (2010). The Vulnerability of Beach Tourism to Climate Change—An Index Approach. Climatic Change, 100, 579-606.
27. Pröbstl-Haider, U., Mostegl, N. and Damm, A. (2021). Tourism and Climate Change – A Discussion of Suitable Strategies for Austria. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 34(100394)1-14.
28. Salim, E., Ravanel, L., Bourdeau, P. and Deline, P. (2021). Glacier Tourism and Climate Change: Effects, Adaptations and Perspectives in The Alps. Regional Environmental Change, 21(120), 1-15.
29. Scott, D., McBoyle, G. and Schwartzentruber, M. (2004). Climate Change and the Distribution of Climatic Resources for Tourism in North America. Climate Change, 27(7), 105–117.
30. Scott D. (2021). Sustainable Tourism and the Grand Challenge of Climate Change. Sustainability. 13(1966), 1-16.
31. Scott, D. (2011). Why Sustainable Tourism Must Address Climate Change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 17-34.
32. Siddiqui, S. and Imran, M. (2019). Impact of Climate Change on Tourism. In R. Sharma, and P. Rao (Ed.), Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Developing Nations (pp. 68-83). IGI Global.
33. Sottini, V.A., Barbierato, E., Bernetti, and Capecchi, I. (2021). Impact of Climate Change on Wine Tourism: An Approach through Social Media Data. Sustainability, 13(7489), 1-18.
34. Tervo, K. (2008). The Operational and Regional Vulnerability of Winter Tourism to Climate Variability and Change: The Case of the Finnish Nature‐Based Tourism Entrepreneurs. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(4), 317-332.
35. Valls, J. F. and Sarda, R. (2009). Tourism Expert Perceptions for Evaluating Climate Change Impacts on the Euro‐Mediterranean Tourism Industry. Tourism Review, 64 (2), 41-51.
36. Viner, D. and Agnew, M. (1999). Climate Change and its Iimpacts on Tourism. Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia: Norwich.
37. Weaver, D. (2011). Can Sustainable Tourism Survive Climate Change?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 5-15.
38. Yañez, C. Hopkins, M. and Porter, W. C. (2020). Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism in the Coachella Valley, California. Climatic Change, 162, 707–721.
39. Yu, G., Schwartz, Z. and Walsh, E. J. (2009). A Weather-Resolving Index for Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Tourism Related Climate Resources. Climatic Change, 95, 551–573.
40. Zang, Y., Dai, J., Tao,Z., Wang, H. and Ge, Q. (2020). Effects of Climate Change on the Season of Botanical Tourism: A Case Study in Beijing. Advances in Meteorology, 2020, 1-11.