Uzay Turizmi, Seyahat ve Yenilik

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 243 - 255, 15.12.2022

Özlem Küçük

Abstract

Uzay turizmi, 21.yüzyılda inovasyon ve dijitalleşme sayesinde hızla gelişen ve daha önce tatmadıkları çılgın bir maceraya hazır yüksek gelirli seyyahlara nefes kesen bir seyahat için yarışan turizm şeklidir. Bu yarışta, gelişmiş ülkelerin özel uzay turizmi şirketleri arasında kıyasıya bir rekabet vardır. 21.yüzyılın başlarında İngiliz milyarder Richard Branson ve ekibi Virgin Galactic uzay uçağı ile 2021 yılı Temmuz ayında ilk sivil özel uzay seyahatini gerçekleşmiştir. Ardından Jeff Bezos (Amazon kurucusu) Blue Origin isimli özel uzay uçuşu şirketi tarafından tasarlanan New Shepard isimli roketle yanındaki üç kişiyle yörünge altı seyahatini Branson’dan yaklaşık bir hafta sonra gerçekleştirmiştir. Ancak ilk uzay turisti unvanını alan kişi 2001 yılında yörüngedeki Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonuna giden Amerikalı Denis Tito isimli milyarderdir. Bununla beraber, Denis Tito, İngiliz Richard Branson ve ABD’li Jeff Bezos gibi kendi uzay şirketi tarafından geliştirilen bir uzay aracı ile değil Rus Soyuz roketi ile yörüngedeki Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu’na gitmiştir. Apollo 11’in 1969’da aya inmesiyle başlayan uzay yarışı, hızlanarak sürmektedir. Nasa’nın 2021’de açıkladığı Artemis isimli aya iniş programı için SpaceX firmasını görevlendirmesi ile gelen hamle, uzay yarışında özel girişimi, kamunun önüne geçirmiştir. Bu makale, geleneksel turizmden ayrı bir özel ilgi turizmi olarak değerlendirilebilecek uzay turizminin tarihini ve gelişim sürecini kısa bir şekilde gözden geçirirken, teknolojik yeniliklerin uzay seyahatlerine etkilerini, uzay yarışında özel girişimi, uzay turizmi ekonomisi ve gelecekteki beklentileri incelemektedir. Araştırma,uzay turizmi ile ilgili akademik araştırmalar, tezler, haberler, yayınlar taranarak ve Dünya Bankası, OECD, UNCTAD yayınları ile birleştirilerek ilişkilendirilmiştir. Böylelikle yörüngesel uzay seyahatlerinden yörünge altı uzay seyahatlerine doğru yönelişin genişleyen tekno endüstriyel dünya için önemi ve uzay turizminin gerçeğe dönüşmesindeki güçlükler ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

Uzay Turizmi, Rekabet, Seyahat, Kalkınma, Yenilik, Çevre

Supporting Institution

Kocaeli Üniversitesi

Space Tourism, Travel and Innovation

Abstract

Space tourism is a rapidly developing form of tourism in the 21st century thanks to innovation and digitalization, and high-income travelers ready for a crazy adventure compete for a breathtaking journey they have never tasted in their lives. In this race, there is fierce competition between private space tourism companies from developed countries. At the beginning of the 21st century, British billionaire Richard Branson and his team made the first civilian private space travel in July 2021 with the Virgin Galactic space plane. Then, Jeff Bezos (Amazon founder) made a suborbital trip with three people next to him with the rocket named New Shepard, designed by the private spaceflight company Blue Origin, about a week after Branson. However, the first person to receive the title of space tourist is Denis Tito, an American billionaire who went to the orbiting International Space Station in 2001. However, Denis Tito went to the International Space Station with a Russian Soyuz rocket, not with a spacecraft developed by his own space company, such as British Richard Branson and US Jeff Bezos. This article, while briefly reviewing the history and development process of space tourism, which can be considered as special interest tourism separate from traditional tourism, examines the effects of technological innovations on space travel, a private initiative in the space race, space tourism economy, and future expectations. The research has been linked by scanning academic research, theses, news, and publications related to space tourism and combining them with World Bank, OECD, and UNCTAD publications. Thus, the importance of the shift from orbital space travel to suborbital space travel for the expanding techno-industrial world and the difficulties in making space tourism a reality are revealed.

Keywords

Space Tourism, Fierce Competition, Travel, Development, Innovation Environment, Uzay Turizmi, Rekabet, Seyahat, Kalkınma, Yenilik, Çevre

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