Turizm ve Teknoloji İlişkisi: Uluslararası Turizm Dergilerindeki Makalelere Yönelik Bibliyometrik Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 36 - 50, 15.06.2024

Mahmut Üstüner , Sebahattin Emre Dilek

https://doi.org/10.58636/jtis.1469307

Abstract

Teknoloji, her alanda toplumsal değişimin ve dönüşümün bir faktörü olarak önem arz etmekte ve gelişen teknolojik uygulamalar her sektörü etkisi altına almaktadır. Bu doğrultuda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler turizm sektörünü de etkileyerek, büyük veri analizi, yapay zeka, mobil uygulamalar, artırılmış gerçeklik (AR), sanal gerçeklik (VR), nesnelerin interneti ve metaverse gibi bir dizi yenilik ve fırsatı beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son zamanlarda kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan “yapay zeka”, “artırılmış gerçeklik” ve “metaverse” gibi teknolojileri konu alan uluslararası turizm dergilerini inceleyerek mevcut çalışmaların analiz edilmesi ve literature sunulmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda web of science veri tabanında SSCI kategorisindeki uluslararası dergilerde gelişmiş arama yapılarak tarih aralığı 2009-2023 olarak sınırlandırılmış, “yapay zeka”, “artırılmış gerçeklik” ve “metaverse” kavramları anahtar kelimeler bölümünde taratılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, İngilizce dilinde yazılmış, erişime açık, 128’i yapay zeka, 61’i artırılmış gerçeklik, 25’i metaverse olmak üzere toplam 214 makaleye ulaşılmış, veriler bibliyometrik analiz ile incelenmiştir. Söz konusu makaleler; makalenin yılı, dergilere göre dağılım, konu, yöntem olarak toplam dört başlık altında incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ilk çalışmanın 2011 yılında yapay zeka ile ilgili yapıldığı, artırılmış gerçeklik ile ilgili olarak ilk çalışmanın 2015 yılında yapıldığı ve metaverse teknolojisi ise oldukça yeni bir kavram olduğundan ilk çalışmanın 2022 yılında yayımlandığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte en fazla çalışmanın yapay zeka konusunda olduğu, çalışmalarda nitel ve nicel yöntemin hemen hemen eşit düzeyde kullanıldığı ve en çok çalışmanın ise International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management dergisinde yayımlandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Yapay Zeka, Artırılmış Gerçeklik, Metaverse, Bibliyometrik Analiz

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmada ikincil verilerden yararlanıldığı için etik kurul izni gerekmemektedir. Yazar(lar)ın bildirecek bir çıkar çatışması yoktur. Yazar(lar) bu çalışmanın herhangi bir finansal destek almadığını beyan eder.

The Relationship Between Tourism and Technology: A Bibliometric Evaluation of Articles in International Tourism Journals

Abstract

Developments in the technological field have also affected the tourism sector and brought with them a number of innovations and opportunities such as big data analysis, artificial intelligence, mobile applications, augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), internet of things and metaverse. The aim of this study is to analyze existing studies and present them to the literature by examining international tourism magazines on technologies such as "artificial intelligence", "augmented reality" and "metaverse", which have become increasingly common lately. In this regard, an advanced search was made in the international journals in the SSCI category in the web of science database, the date range was limited to 2009-2023, and the concepts of "artificial intelligence", "augmented reality" and "metaverse" were scanned in the keywords section. In this regard, a total of 214 articles written in English, open to access, including 128 on artificial intelligence, 61 on augmented reality, and 25 on metaverse were accessed, and the data were examined with bibliometric analysis. The articles in question are; It was examined under four headings: year of the article, distribution according to journals, subject and method. In this context, it was seen that the first study was conducted on artificial intelligence in 2011, the first study on augmented reality was conducted in 2015, and since metaverse technology is a fairly new concept, the first study was published in 2022. However, it was concluded that the most studies were on artificial intelligence, qualitative and quantitative methods were used almost equally in the studies, and the most studies were published in the International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality, Metaverse, Bibliometric Analysis

References

• Ahmad, H., Butt, A., & Muzaffar, A. (2022). Travel before you actually travel with augmented reality – role of augmented reality in future destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(17), 2845–2862.
• Akbaba, A. İ. (2018). Dördüncü Endüstri Devrimine Geçiş Sürecinde Üç Boyutlu Yazıcı Kullanımının Teknoloji Kabul Modeliyle Ölçümlenmesi: Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Bir Araştırma, (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
• Alsharif, A. H., Salleh, N. Z. M. , & Baharub, R. (2020). Bibliometric analysis. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 98(15), 2948-2962.
• Aydın, İ. (2023). Teknoloji etiği: Teknolojinin karanlık yüzü. Felsefe Dünyası, 77(Ek), 5-37.
• Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355–385.
• Basheer, S., Walia, S., Farooq, S., Shah, M. A., & Mir, F. A. (2023). Exploring the Metaverse: The Future of Tourism Through AI and Virtual Reality. In: Bansal,R., Qalati, S.A. and Chakir, A (eds) Influencer Marketing Applications Within the Metaverse (pp. 195-204). PA, USA: IGI Global.
• Basiouny, E. F. (2023). The expected role of robots as a feature of artificial ıntelligence in enhancing customer experience elements in restaurants: An exploratory study. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 24(1), 117–135.
• Bastidas-Manzano, A. B., Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Casado-Aranda, L. A. (2021). The past, present, and future of smart tourism destinations: a bibliometric analysis. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(3), 529-552.
• Bolat, S. (2019). Dördüncü Sanayi Devriminin Lojistik Sektörüne Etkileri: Antalya Bölgesinde Lojistik Faaliyette Bulunan İşletmelerde Bir Araştırma, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya. Booking.com (2024). Hakkında. Erişim adresi: https://www.booking.com/content/about (Erişim Tarihi: 16.02.2024).
• Bozkurt Uzan, Ş., & Sevimli, Y. (2020). Gastronomideki robotik uygulamalar ve yapay zeka. Tourism and Recreation, 2(2), 46-58.
• Budak, F. (2000). Türk Turizminin Gelişimi Ekonomiye Katkıları ve Sorunları (Yayımlanmamaış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Malatya.
• Buhalis, D., Leung, D., & Lin, M. (2023). Metaverse as a disruptive technology revolutionising tourism management and marketing. Tourism Management, 97, 104-724.
• Buhalis, D., Lin, M. S., & Leung, D. (2022). Metaverse as a driver for customer experience and value co-creation: implications for hospitality and tourism management and marketing. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(2), 701–716.
• Bulchand-Gidumal, J. (2022). Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality. In: Xiang, Z., Fuchs, M., Gretzel, U., Höpken, W. (eds) Handbook of e-Tourism (pp.1943-1962). Cham: Springer.
• Cai, W., Richter, S., & McKenna, B. (2019). Progress on technology use in tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 10(4), 651-672.
• Carmigniani, J., Furht, B. (2011). Augmented Reality: An Overview. In: Furht, B. (ed) Handbook of Augmented Reality. New York, NY: Springer.
• Chen, J., & Wang, X. (2022). Analysis on Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Configuration of Tourist Hotels Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 8227294, 1–11.
• Chen, Y., Huang, S., Gan, W., Huang, G., & Wu, Y. (2023). Federated Learning for Metaverse: A Survey. Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference (pp. 1151–1160), New York, NY, USA.
• Choi, S., Yoon, K., Kim, M., Yoo, J., Lee, B., Song, I., & Woo, J. (2022). Building Korean DMZ metaverse using a web-based metaverse platform. Applied Sciences, 12(15), 7908.
• Chung, N., Lee, H., Kim, J. Y., & Koo, C. (2017). The role of augmented reality for experience-influenced environments: The case of cultural heritage tourism in Korea. Journal of Travel Research, 57(5), 627–643.
• Ciulli, E. (2019). Tribology and industry: From the Origins to 4.0. Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering, 5, 1-12.
• Dangwal,A., Kukreti, M., Angurala M., Sarangal R., Mehta M., & Chauhan., P. (2023). A Review on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Tourism. Proocedings of 10th International Conference on Computing for Global Development (INDIACom) (pp.164-168), New Delhi, India.
• Davutoğlu, N., Akgül, B. ve Yıldız, E. (2017). “İşletme Yönetiminde Sanayi 4.0 Kavramı ile Farkındalık Oluşturarak Etkin Bir Şekilde Değişimi Sağlamak.” Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5 (52), 544-567.
• Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285-296.
• Dörner, R., Broll, W., Grimm, P., & Jung, B. (Eds.). (2013). Virtual und augmented reality (VR / AR). EXamen.Press. New York, NY: Springer Vieweg.
• Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Wang, Y., Alalwan, A. A., Ahn, S. J. G., Balakrishnan, J., Barta, S., Belk, R., Buhalis, D., Dutot, V., Felix, R., Filieri, R., Flavián, C., Gustafsson, A., Hinsch, C., Hollensen, S., Jain, V., Kim, J., Krishen, A. S., Wirtz, J. (2022). Metaverse marketing: How the metaverse will shape the future of consumer research and practice. Psychology & Marketing, 40(4), 750–776.
• Echtler, F., & Wimmer, R. (2014). The Interactive Dining Table, or Pass the Weather Widget, Please. Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces (pp. 419-422). New York, NY, USA.
• Efe, A. (2023). Takıng virtual reality and augmented reality to the next level: Artifıcial intelligence with mixed reality. Kamu Yönetimi ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(2), 141–165.
• Er, A., Akgün, L., & Armutçu, B. (2023). Yapay zekanın aydınlık ve karanlık yönleri: Turistik destinasyonlar üzerine bir araştırma. İçinde Ashfag, M., Jha, A., Şimşek, H., Indıran L., Maksüdünov A., Sönmez, S. ve Yaşar, C. (Eds.), Proceedings of VI. International Academic Studies Congress (ss. 73-85), 21-23 Aralık, Bingöl, Türkiye.
• Ercan, S. (2021). İşletme yönetimi bakış açısıyla 4.sanayi devrimi. Nobel Yayınevi: Ankara.
• Go, H., & Kang, M. (2022). Metaverse tourism for sustainable tourism development: Tourism Agenda 2030. Tourism Review, 78(2), 381–394.
• Grundner, L., & Neuhofer, B. (2021). The bright and dark sides of artificial intelligence: A futures perspective on tourist destination experiences. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100511, 1-12.
• Gülsen, İ. (2019). İşletmelerde yapay zeka uygulamaları ve faydaları: perakende sektöründe bir derleme. Journal of Consumer and Consumption Research, 11(2), 407-436.
• Han, D. I., Jung, T., & Gibson, A. (2013). Dublin AR: Implementing augmented reality in tourism. In: Tussyadiah, X (eds), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism (pp. 511–523). Cham: Springer.
• Huang, A., Chao, Y., de la Mora Velasco, E., Bilgihan, A., & Wei, W. (2021). When artificial intelligence meets the hospitality and tourism industry: an assessment framework to inform theory and management. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 5(5), 1080–1100.
• Inder, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial opportunities in metaverse. In: Gupta, M., Jindal, P., & Bansal, S. (eds.), Promoting Consumer Engagement Through Emotional Branding and Sensory Marketing (pp. 52-62). PA, USA: IGI Global.
• Ioannidis, S., & Kontis, A. P. (2023). Metaverse for tourists and tourism destinations. Information Technology & Tourism, 25(4), 483–506.
• Ivanov, S. (2019). Ultimate transformation: How will automation technologies disrupt the travel, tourism and hospitality industries? Zeitschrift Für Tourismuswissenschaft, 11(1), 25–43.
• İbiş, S. (2019). Turizm Endüstrisinde Robotlaşma. Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi, 3(3), 403–420. İlhan, İ., Çeltek, E. (2016). Mobile marketing: Usage of augmented reality in tourism. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 15, (2), 581-599.
• Jung, T., Chung, N., & Leue, M. C. (2015). The determinants of recommendations to use augmented reality technologies: The case of a Korean theme park. Tourism Management, 49, 75–86.
• Kemer, E., & Tyagi, P. K. (2023). Application of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism and Hospitality Marketing. In: Tyagi, P. K., Nadda, V., Bharti, V., & Kemer, E. (eds.), Embracing Business Sustainability Through Innovation and Creativity in the Service Sector (pp. 125–140). PA, USA: IGI Global.
• Keskinkılıç, M., & Kuk, M. (2023). Eğitimde dijital dönüşüm ve EBA farkındalık düzeyinin belirlenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 24-39.
• Khan, M. N., Gul, A., Khan, F., Khan, M. W., & Naz, A. (2024). Unlocking the potential: Artifıcial intelligence (ai) applications in sustainable tourism. Remittances Review, 9(1), 498-510.
• Kirner, T. G., Reis, F. M. V., & Kirner, C. (2012). Development of an interactive book with augmented reality for teaching and learning geometric shapes. In 7th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI 2012) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
• Koca, D. (2020). Sanayi devrimlerinin tarihsel arka planı ve işgücü becerileri üzerindeki yansımaları. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(31), 4531–4558.
• Koohang, A., Nord, J. H., Ooi, K. B., Tan, G. W. H., Al-Emran, M., Aw, E. C. X., Baabdullah, A. M., Buhalis, D., Cham, T. H., Dennis, C., Dutot, V., Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Mogaji, E., Pandey, N., Phau, I., Raman, R., Sharma, A., Sigala, M., Wong, L. W. (2023). Shaping the metaverse into reality: A holistic multidisciplinary understanding of opportunities, challenges, and avenues for future investigation. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 63(3), 735–765.
• Kounavis, C. D., Kasimati, A. E., & Zamani, E. D. (2012). Enhancing the tourism experience through mobile augmented reality: Challenges and prospects. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 4, 10. Erişim adresi: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.5772/51644 (Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2024).
• Kouroupi, N., & Metaxas, T. (2023). Can the metaverse and ıts associated digital tools and technologies provide an opportunity for destinations to address the vulnerability of overtourism? Tourism and Hospitality, 4(2), 355–373. Kourouthanassis, P., Boletsis, C., Bardaki, C., & Chasanidou, D. (2015). Tourists responses to mobile augmented reality travel guides: The role of emotions on adoption behavior. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 18, 71–87.
• Köseoğlu, A. (2019). Hüzün Turizmi Kapsamında Çanakkale Savaşlarının Turizm Ekonomisine Etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Konya.
• Kumar, S., Kumar, V., & Attri, K. (2023). Integration of Robotics Technology and Artificial Intelligence in the Transformation of the Tourism Industry: A Critical Viewpoint. In Sharma, S., & Bhartiya, S. (eds.), Technology and Social Transformations in Hospitality, Tourism and Gastronomy: South Asia Perspectives (pp. 39-53). London: CABI.
• Kumar, V., Rajan, B., Venkatesan, R., & Lecinski, J. (2019). Understanding the role of artificial ıntelligence in personalized engagement marketing. California Management Review, 61(4), 135–155. Kutlusoy, Z. (2019). Felsefe açısından yapay zeka. İçinde G. Telli (ed.), Yapay zeka ve gelecek (ss. 25-43), İstanbul: Doğu Kitapevi.
• Küçüker, M. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Applications in accounting: ChatGPT’s accounting exam. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33(2), 875–888.
• Liu, H., & Park, K. (2024). Exploring the impact of metaverse tourism experiences on actual visit intentions: An integrated model of presence, the technology acceptance model, and the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(1), 1-14.
• Loureiro, S. M. C., & Nascimento, J. (2021). Shaping a view on the influence of technologies on sustainable tourism. Sustainability, 13(22), 12691, 1-18.
• Madsen, J. B., Ang, J. B., & Banerjee, R. (2010). Four centuries of British economic growth: the roles of technology and population. Journal of Economic Growth, 15(4), 263–290.
• Margetis, G., Grammenos, D., Zabulis, X., & Stephanidis, C. (2013). iEat: An interactive table for restaurant customers’ experience enhancement. In Proceedings of HCI International 2013-Posters’ Extended Abstracts: International Conference, HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, , Part II 15 (pp. 666-670). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
• Mo, J., & Mo, F. (2023). A Study of Online Learning Context Optimization Strategies under the Metaverse Perspective. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 36(1), 30–42.
• Murugesh, H., Kawale, S., Mahajan, S., & Divekar, R. (2023). Exploring tourism with virtual and augmented reality. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 11(4), 3247–3251. Mustak, M., Salminen, J., Plé, L., & Wirtz, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence in marketing: Topic modeling, scientometric analysis, and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 124, 389–404.
• NIC (National Intelligence Council) (2021). Global trends 2040 – A more contested world. Erişim adresi: https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/GlobalTrends_2040.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 09.04.2024)
• Öcal, F. M., & Altıntaş, K. (2018). Dördüncü sanayi devriminin emek piyasaları üzerindeki olası etkilerinin incelenmesi ve çözüm önerileri. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 8(15), 2066-2092.
• Özgüneş, R. E., & Bozok, D. (2017). Turizm sektörünün sanal rakibi (mi?): Arttırılmış gerçeklik. Uluslararası Türk Dünyası Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 146-160.
• Öztemel, E. (2020). Yapay sinir ağları. İstanbul: Papatya Yayıncılık Eğitim.
• Öztemel, E. ve Gürsev, S. (2020). Literature review of industry 4.0 and related technologies. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 31(1), 127-182.
• Pamuk, N. S., Soysal, M. (2018). Yeni sanayi devrimi endüstri 4.0 üzerine bir inceleme, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 41-66.
• Park, S. M., & Kim, Y. G. (2022). A metaverse: Taxonomy, components, applications, and open challenges. IEEE Access, 10, 4209–4251.
• Pilevari, N. (2020). Industry revolutions development from industry 1.0 to industry 5.0 in manufacturing. Journal of Industrial Strategic Management, 5(2), 44-63.
• Raja Santhi, A., & Muthuswamy, P. (2023). Industry 5.0 or industry 4.0S? Introduction to industry 4.0 and a peek into the prospective industry 5.0 technologies. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 17(2), 947–979.
• Sağbaş, A., & Özdil, H. (2022). Konfeksiyon işletmelerinde endüstri 4.0 perspektifinde akıllı üretim sistemleri entegrasyonu için bir model önerisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(1), 434–447.
• Say, C. (2018). 50 soruda yapay zeka . İstanbul: 7 Renk Basım Yayın ve Filmcilik Ltd. Şti.
• Shah, M. (2019). How augmented reality (AR) is changing the travel and tourism industry, Erişim adresi: https://towardsdatascience.com/how-augmented-reality-ar-is-changing-the-travel-tourismindustry-239931f3120c (Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2024).
• Shukla Shubhendu, S., & Vijay, J. (2013). Applicability of artificial intelligence in different fields of life. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research, 1(1), 28-35.
• Šímová, T., Zychová, K., & Fejfarová, M. (2023). Metaverse in the virtual workplace. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 28(1), 19–34.
• Stankov, U., & Gretzel, U. (2020). Tourism 4.0 technologies and tourist experiences: a human-centered design perspective. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 477-488.
• Stylos, N. (2019). Technological evolution and tourist decision-making: a perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 273–278.
• Suh, W., & Ahn, S. (2022). Utilizing the metaverse for learner-centered constructivist education in the post-pandemic era: an analysis of elementary school students. Journal of Intelligence, 10(1), 17-32.
• Şekkeli, Z. H., & Bakan, S. (2018). Akıllı fabrikalar. Journal of Life Economics, 5(4), 203–220.
• Tan, G. W. H., Aw, E. C. X., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., Dwivedi, Y. K., Alalwan, A. A., Balakrishnan, J., Chan, H. K., Hew, J. J., Hughes, L., Jain, V., Lee, V. H., Lin, B., Rana, N. P., & Tan, T. M. (2023). Metaverse in marketing and logistics: the state of the art and the path forward. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 35(12), 2932–2946.
• Tom Dieck, M. C., Jung, T., & Han, D. I. (2016). Mapping requirements for the wearable smart glasses augmented reality museum application. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(3), 230–253.
• Tong, L., Yan, W., & Manta, O. (2022). Artificial intelligence influences intelligent automation in tourism: A mediating role of internet of things and environmental, social, and governance investment. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 853302, 1-15.
• Tuncay, İ. (2018). Deneyimsel pazarlamada arttırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları ile tüketici satın alma niyeti arasındaki ilişki ve bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Tuo, Y., Ning, L., & Zhu, A. (2021). How artificial intelligence will change the future of tourism industry: The practice in China. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021: Proceedings of the ENTER 2021 eTourism Conference, January 19–22, 2021 (pp. 83-94). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Tussyadiah, I., & Miller, G. (2019). Perceived impacts of artificial intelligence and responses to positive behaviour change intervention. In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019: Proceedings of the International Conference in Nicosia, Cyprus, January 30–February 1, 2019 (pp. 359-370). Springer International Publishing.
• Ud Din, I., & Almogren, A. (2023). Exploring the psychological effects of Metaverse on mental health and well-being. Information Technology & Tourism, 25(3), 367–389.
• Uğur, İ., & Apaydın, Ş. (2014). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının reklam beğeni düzeyindeki rolü. Humanities Sciences, 9(4), 145-156.
• Vinitha, K., Ambrose Prabhu, R., Bhaskar, R., & Hariharan, R. (2020). Review on industrial mathematics and materials at industry 1.0 to industry 4.0. materials today. Proceedings, 33, 3956–3960.
• Wang, X., & Zhong, W. (2024). Evolution and innovations in animation: A comprehensive review and future directions. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 36(2), e7904.
• Weinberger, M. (2022). What Is metaverse?—a definition based on qualitative meta-synthesis. Future Internet, 14(11), 310-326.
• Xie, D., & He, Y. (2022). Marketing Strategy of Rural Tourism Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 1–7. Erişim adresi: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/misy/2022/9154351/ (Erişim tarihi: 13.03.2024).
• Yin, Y., Stecke, K. E., & Li, D. (2017). The evolution of production systems from Industry 2.0 through Industry 4.0. International Journal of Production Research, 56(1–2), 848–861.
• Yoon, S. A., Elinich, K., Wang, J., Steinmeier, C., & Tucker, S. (2012). Using augmented reality and knowledge-building scaffolds to improve learning in a science museum. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(4), 519–541.
• Yuen, S., Yaoyuneyong, G., & Johnson, E. (2011). Augmented reality: An overview and five directions for AR in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 4, 119-140.
• Zhao, H., Zhao, J., Liu, W., Yan, Y., Huang, J., & Wen, F. (2023). Metaverse‐based decentralised autonomous organisation in energy systems. Energy Conversion and Economics, 4(6), 379–386.