Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 53 - 60, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1252689

Abstract

References

  • Akpan, U. F., and Akpan, G. E. (2012). The Contribution of Energy Consumption to Climate Change: A Feasible Policy Directio,. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2 (1), 21-33
  • Al-Mulali, U., Fereidouni, H. G., and Mohammed, A. H. (2015). The effect of tourism arrival on CO2 emissions from transportation sector, Anatolia, 26 (2), 230–243
  • Bahar, O. (2003). Kitle Turizminin Çevre Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri: Bodrum Örneği, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14 (2), 150-158
  • Bahar, O., Çelik, N., and Samırkaş, M. (2016). Farklı Boyutları ile Sürdürülebilir Turizm. İstanbul: Babil Yayınları
  • Blažević, B. (2007). Turizam u gospodarskom sustavu. Opatija, Croatia: Fakultet za turistički i hotelski menadžmen
  • Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., and Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Methodological), 37(2), 149–192
  • Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (1993). Tourism Principles and Practice (4 th Edition). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall
  • De Vita, G., Katircioglu, S., Altinay, L., Fethi, S., and Mercan, M. (2015). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16652–16663
  • Demir, E., and Bahar, O. (2021). A research on provide competitive advantage of energy use on the tourism sector, Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 1-11
  • Demir, E., and Bahar, O. (2021). Turizm gelirlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik analiz, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 7 (2), 162-172.
  • Dogan, E., Seker, F., and Bulbul, S. (2017). Investigating the impacts of energy consumption, real GDP, tourism and trade on CO2 emissions by accounting for cross-sectional dependence: A panel study of OECD countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(16), 1701–1719
  • Duran, M. S., and Bozkaya, Ş. (2022). Asya-Pasifik Ülkelerinde Turizm, Enerji, Büyüme ve Çevre İlişkisinin İkinci Nesil Panel Nedensellik Testi ile İncelenmesi, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10 (3), 1887-1907
  • Eyuboglu, K., and Uzar, U. (2019). The impact of tourism on CO2 emission in Turkey, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–15.
  • Gao, J., and Zhang, L. (2019). Exploring the dynamic linkages between tourism growth and environmental pollution: new evidence from the Mediterranean countries, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–17.
  • Gössling, S., and Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism's global environmental impact 1900- 2050, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659
  • Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Smith, I. J., and Rodger, C. J. (2010). Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers’ travel to and from New Zealand, Energy Policy, 38, 2552– 2560
  • Katircioğlu, S. T. (2014). Testing the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis: The case of Singapore, Economic Modelling, 41, 383–391
  • Katircioglu, S., and Katircioglu, S. T. (2022). The role of tourism in environmental pollution: evidence from Malta, Service Industries Journal, DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2086977
  • Kılavuz, E., Oralhan, B., Sarıgül, S. S., and, Uluğ, E. E. (2021). The Validity of The Tourism-İnduced Ekc Hypothesis: The Case of Turkey, International Journal of Business & Economic Studies, 3(2), 124-138
  • Koçak, E., Ulucak, R., and Ulucak, Z. Ş. (2020). The impact of tourism developments on CO2 emissions: An advanced panel data estimation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100611.
  • Kort, P. M., Greiner, A., Feichtinger, G., Haunschmied, J. L., Novak, A., and Hartl, R. F. (2002). Environmental effects of tourism industry investments: an intertemporal trade-off, Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 23, 1-19
  • Le, T.-H., and Nguyen, C. P. (2020). The impact of tourism on carbon dioxide emissions: insights from 95 countries, Applied Economics, 1–27.
  • Lee, J. W., and Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69–76
  • Liu, Y., Kumail, T., Ali, W., and Sadiq, F. (2019). The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach, Tourism Review, 74(4), 761–779
  • Nepal, R., Irsyad, M. I., and Nepal, S. K. (2018). Tourist Arrivals, Energy Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Developing Economy Implications for Sustainable Tourism, Discussion Paper Series, 10, 1-24
  • Paramati, S. R., Sudharshan, R., Alam, M. S., and Chen, C. F. (2017). The effects of tourism on economic growth and CO2 emissions: A comparison between developed and developing economies, Journal of Travel Research, 56(6), 712–724
  • Peeters, P., Szimba, E., and Duijnisveld, M. (2007). Major environmental impacts of European tourist transport, Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 83 – 93.
  • Peseran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Aprroaches to the Analysis of Level Relationship, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326
  • Rahman, A. R. A., Shaari, M. S., Masnan, F., and Esquivias, M. A. (2022). The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO2 Emissions in Malaysia, Sustainability, 14 (4), 2461
  • Rämet, J., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, I., Törn, A., Orell, M., and Siikamäki, P. (2015). Sustainable tourism. Helsinki: Forest Ecology Publications.
  • Salahodjaev, R., Sharipov, K., Rakhmanov, N., and Khabirov, D. (2022). Tourism, renewable energy and CO2 emissions: evidence from Europe and Central Asia, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 13282–13293
  • Scott, D., Gössling, S., and Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232
  • Sharif, A., Afshan, S., and Nisha, N. (2017). Impact of tourism on CO2 emission: Evidence from Pakistan, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(4), 408–42
  • Solarin, S. A. (2014). Tourist arrivals and macroeconomic determinants of CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Anatolia, 25(2), 228– 241.
  • UNWTO (2019). Transport-Related CO2 Emissions of the Tourism Sector – Modelling Results, Transport-Related CO2 Emissions of the Tourism Sector – Modelling Results, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2019. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284416660
  • Yildirim, T. B., Ak, T., and Olmez, Z. (2007). Assessment of the natural-cultural resources in Çanakkale for nature-based tourism, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 10(6), 871–881.
  • Zaman, K., Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., and Raza, S. A. (2016). Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries, Tourism Management, 54, 275–283.
  • Zhang, J., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China, Tourism Economics, 27(5), 1060–1080
  • Zikirya, B., Wang, J., and Zhou, C. (2021). The Relationship between CO2 Emissions, Air Pollution, and Tourism Flows in China: A Panel Data Analysis of Chinese Provinces, Sustainability, 13, 11408

The impact of tourism on carbon (CO2) Emissions: An empirical analysis of Turkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 53 - 60, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1252689

Abstract

The study aims to reveal the effects of developments in tourism on CO2 emissions in Turkey from 1984 to 2021. In this context, the relationship between CO2 emissions, tourism revenues (TR), and international tourist arrivals (ITA) was analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) boundary test approach. The results indicate a significant long-term relationship between the variables. The findings reveal that tourism revenues have a decreased effect, and international tourist arrivals have an increased effect on CO2 emissions in the long run. These results suggest that Turkey needs stronger policies specifically for this subject.

References

  • Akpan, U. F., and Akpan, G. E. (2012). The Contribution of Energy Consumption to Climate Change: A Feasible Policy Directio,. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2 (1), 21-33
  • Al-Mulali, U., Fereidouni, H. G., and Mohammed, A. H. (2015). The effect of tourism arrival on CO2 emissions from transportation sector, Anatolia, 26 (2), 230–243
  • Bahar, O. (2003). Kitle Turizminin Çevre Üzerindeki Olası Etkileri: Bodrum Örneği, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14 (2), 150-158
  • Bahar, O., Çelik, N., and Samırkaş, M. (2016). Farklı Boyutları ile Sürdürülebilir Turizm. İstanbul: Babil Yayınları
  • Blažević, B. (2007). Turizam u gospodarskom sustavu. Opatija, Croatia: Fakultet za turistički i hotelski menadžmen
  • Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., and Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society (Methodological), 37(2), 149–192
  • Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (1993). Tourism Principles and Practice (4 th Edition). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall
  • De Vita, G., Katircioglu, S., Altinay, L., Fethi, S., and Mercan, M. (2015). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(21), 16652–16663
  • Demir, E., and Bahar, O. (2021). A research on provide competitive advantage of energy use on the tourism sector, Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 7(1), 1-11
  • Demir, E., and Bahar, O. (2021). Turizm gelirlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye üzerine ampirik analiz, International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 7 (2), 162-172.
  • Dogan, E., Seker, F., and Bulbul, S. (2017). Investigating the impacts of energy consumption, real GDP, tourism and trade on CO2 emissions by accounting for cross-sectional dependence: A panel study of OECD countries. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(16), 1701–1719
  • Duran, M. S., and Bozkaya, Ş. (2022). Asya-Pasifik Ülkelerinde Turizm, Enerji, Büyüme ve Çevre İlişkisinin İkinci Nesil Panel Nedensellik Testi ile İncelenmesi, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10 (3), 1887-1907
  • Eyuboglu, K., and Uzar, U. (2019). The impact of tourism on CO2 emission in Turkey, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–15.
  • Gao, J., and Zhang, L. (2019). Exploring the dynamic linkages between tourism growth and environmental pollution: new evidence from the Mediterranean countries, Current Issues in Tourism, 1–17.
  • Gössling, S., and Peeters, P. (2015). Assessing tourism's global environmental impact 1900- 2050, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 639–659
  • Howitt, O. J. A., Revol, V. G. N., Smith, I. J., and Rodger, C. J. (2010). Carbon emissions from international cruise ship passengers’ travel to and from New Zealand, Energy Policy, 38, 2552– 2560
  • Katircioğlu, S. T. (2014). Testing the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis: The case of Singapore, Economic Modelling, 41, 383–391
  • Katircioglu, S., and Katircioglu, S. T. (2022). The role of tourism in environmental pollution: evidence from Malta, Service Industries Journal, DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2086977
  • Kılavuz, E., Oralhan, B., Sarıgül, S. S., and, Uluğ, E. E. (2021). The Validity of The Tourism-İnduced Ekc Hypothesis: The Case of Turkey, International Journal of Business & Economic Studies, 3(2), 124-138
  • Koçak, E., Ulucak, R., and Ulucak, Z. Ş. (2020). The impact of tourism developments on CO2 emissions: An advanced panel data estimation. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100611.
  • Kort, P. M., Greiner, A., Feichtinger, G., Haunschmied, J. L., Novak, A., and Hartl, R. F. (2002). Environmental effects of tourism industry investments: an intertemporal trade-off, Optimal Control Applications and Methods, 23, 1-19
  • Le, T.-H., and Nguyen, C. P. (2020). The impact of tourism on carbon dioxide emissions: insights from 95 countries, Applied Economics, 1–27.
  • Lee, J. W., and Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tourism Management, 38, 69–76
  • Liu, Y., Kumail, T., Ali, W., and Sadiq, F. (2019). The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach, Tourism Review, 74(4), 761–779
  • Nepal, R., Irsyad, M. I., and Nepal, S. K. (2018). Tourist Arrivals, Energy Consumption and Pollutant Emissions in a Developing Economy Implications for Sustainable Tourism, Discussion Paper Series, 10, 1-24
  • Paramati, S. R., Sudharshan, R., Alam, M. S., and Chen, C. F. (2017). The effects of tourism on economic growth and CO2 emissions: A comparison between developed and developing economies, Journal of Travel Research, 56(6), 712–724
  • Peeters, P., Szimba, E., and Duijnisveld, M. (2007). Major environmental impacts of European tourist transport, Journal of Transport Geography, 15, 83 – 93.
  • Peseran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Aprroaches to the Analysis of Level Relationship, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326
  • Rahman, A. R. A., Shaari, M. S., Masnan, F., and Esquivias, M. A. (2022). The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO2 Emissions in Malaysia, Sustainability, 14 (4), 2461
  • Rämet, J., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, I., Törn, A., Orell, M., and Siikamäki, P. (2015). Sustainable tourism. Helsinki: Forest Ecology Publications.
  • Salahodjaev, R., Sharipov, K., Rakhmanov, N., and Khabirov, D. (2022). Tourism, renewable energy and CO2 emissions: evidence from Europe and Central Asia, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 13282–13293
  • Scott, D., Gössling, S., and Hall, C. M. (2012). International tourism and climate change, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 3(3), 213–232
  • Sharif, A., Afshan, S., and Nisha, N. (2017). Impact of tourism on CO2 emission: Evidence from Pakistan, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 22(4), 408–42
  • Solarin, S. A. (2014). Tourist arrivals and macroeconomic determinants of CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Anatolia, 25(2), 228– 241.
  • UNWTO (2019). Transport-Related CO2 Emissions of the Tourism Sector – Modelling Results, Transport-Related CO2 Emissions of the Tourism Sector – Modelling Results, World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2019. https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284416660
  • Yildirim, T. B., Ak, T., and Olmez, Z. (2007). Assessment of the natural-cultural resources in Çanakkale for nature-based tourism, Environment, Development and Sustainability, 10(6), 871–881.
  • Zaman, K., Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., and Raza, S. A. (2016). Tourism development, energy consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate analysis in the panel of developed and developing countries, Tourism Management, 54, 275–283.
  • Zhang, J., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in China, Tourism Economics, 27(5), 1060–1080
  • Zikirya, B., Wang, J., and Zhou, C. (2021). The Relationship between CO2 Emissions, Air Pollution, and Tourism Flows in China: A Panel Data Analysis of Chinese Provinces, Sustainability, 13, 11408
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism Planning, Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ozan Bahar 0000-0003-3349-5479

Emre Demir 0000-0001-7881-9575

Early Pub Date August 13, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Bahar, O., & Demir, E. (2023). The impact of tourism on carbon (CO2) Emissions: An empirical analysis of Turkiye. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 9(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1252689