A Case of Dermatosis Responding to Immunomodulators in a British Cat

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 4, 31.12.2021

Ömer Aydın

Abstract

Skin disease is one of the most common diseases in small animal medicine and its treatment is sometimes difficult. The material of this case was a British breed male cat at the age of 5 months, weighing approximately 1.5 kg, with the complaint of alopecia brought to Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University. The case was initially diagnosed with superficial pyoderma and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid was administered in the treatment. However, it was observed that the lesions progressed more, and the treatment was terminated. Then, as an immunomodulator, a preparation containing levamisole HCl was applied to the treatment and vitamin D was administered intramuscularly. In the four week of the treatment, it was determined that intense hair growth started in the alopecic areas and at the eight week, the alopecic areas became hairy and the skin thickening improved. In this case report, it is aimed to give information about the treatment of a dermatosis disease that responds to immunomodulators.

Keywords

British cat, Dermatosis, Immunomodulators, Treatment

References

• 1. Piya Weller RH., John A., Savin J., Dahl M., 2008. The function and Structure of Skin. 5th edn., Wiley-Blackwell: Massachusetts, MA, USA.
• 2. Bruyette DS., 2020. Approach to the patient with dermatologic disease. In ‘‘Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine’’, Ed., LV Reiter, 1st edn., 1375, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, USA.
• 3. Feng R., Li Y., Li G., Li Z., Zhang Y., Li Q., Sun C., 2015. Lower serum 25 (OH) D concentrations in type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 108, e71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.12.008.
• 4. Lalor SM., Mellanby RJ., Friend EJ., Bowlt KL., Berry J., Gunn-Moore D., 2012. Domesticated cats with active mycobacteria infections have low serum vitamin d (25(OH) D) concentrations. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 59, 279-281. doi: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01265.x.
• 5. Lalor S., Schwartz AM., Titmarsh H., Reed N., Tasker S., Boland L., Berry J., Gunn-Moore D., Mellanby RJ., 2014. Cats with inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal small cell lymphoma have low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 28, 351-355. doi: 10.1111/jvim.12294.
• 6. Scheinfeld N., Rosenberg JD., Weinberg JM., 2004. Levamisole in dermatology: A review. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 5, 97-104. doi: 10.2165/00128071-200405020-00004.
• 7. Jewell DE., Yu S., Joshi DK., 2002. Effects of serum vitamin E levels on skin vitamin E levels in dogs and cats. Veterinary Therapeutics, 3, 235-243.
• 8. Thacker EL., 2010. Immunomodulators, immunostimulants, and immunotherapies in small animal veterinary medicine. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 40, 473-483. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.01.004.
• 9. Zhang WJ., Du XG., Zhao G., Jin HL., Kang YM., Xiao C., Liu MY., Wang B., 2009. Levamisole is a potential facilitator for the activation of Th1 responses of the subunit HBV vaccination. Vaccine, 27, 4938-4946. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.012.
• 10. Day MJ., 2011. Clinical Immunology of the Dog and Cat. 2nd edn., 361, Manson Publishing Ltd, London.
• 11. Prietl B., Treiber G., Pieber TR., Amrein K., 2013. Vitamin D and immune function. Nutrients, 5, 2502 - 2521. doi: 10.3390/nu5072502.
• 12. Jeong MS., Kim JY., Lee HI., Seo SJ., 2014. Calcitriol may down-regulate mRNA over-expression of toll-like receptor-2 and −4, LL-37 and proinflammatory cytokines in cultured human keratinocytes. Annals of Dermatology, 26, 296-302. doi: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.3.296.
• 13. Muehleisen B., Gallo RL., 2013. Vitamin D in allergic disease: Shedding light on a complex problem. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 131, 324-329. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1562.
• 14. Hata TR., Kotol P., Jackson M., Nguyen M., Paik A., Udall D., Kanada K., Yamasaki K., Alexandrescu D., Gallo RL., 2008. Administration of oral vitamin D induces cathelicidin production in atopic individuals. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122, 829-831. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.08.020.
• 15. Klinger CJ., Hobi S., Johansen C., Koch HJ., Weber K., Mueller RS., 2018. Vitamin D shows in vivo efficacy in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial on canine atopic dermatitis. Veterinary Record, 182, 406. doi: 10.1136/vr.104492.