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Tanrısız Yahudiliğe Doğru: Hümanist Yahudilik ve Temel Değerleri

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 177 - 209, 28.12.2019

Abstract

Reformist Yahudilik içinden çıkan Hümanist Yahudilik hareketi, Rabbi Sherwin Theodore Wine (1928–2007) tarafından ABD’nin Detroit kentinde 1963’te kuruldu. Özellikle Amerikan Yahudileri arasında Ortodoks, Reformist, Muhafazakâr ve Yeniden Yapılanmacı hareketler karşısında “beşinci mezhep” olarak tanındı. Çağdaş Yahudi mezheplerin en yenisi olan Hümanist Yahudiliğin en dikkat çekici yönü, Yahudiliğin teolojik öğretilerini tartışmaya açmak suretiyle evrensel değerlere dayanan tanrısız bir Yahudilik anlayışını savunmasıdır. Bu özelliğinden dolayı, daha çok agnostik ya da ateistik görüşleri benimseyen seküler Yahudiler arasında kabul görmektedir. Geleneksel Yahudilik anlayışına karşı en radikal duruşu sergiler. Yahudiliği, Yahudi halkın tarihsel ve kültürel bir tecrübesi olarak görür; din bu tecrübenin sadece bir parçasıdır. İnsanların doğaüstü bir otoriteden bağımsız olduklarını kabul edip, kendilerinden ve davranışlarından yine kendilerine karşı sorumlu olduklarına, böyle bir güç olmaksızın kendi hayatlarını şekillendirebilecek yeteneğe sahip olduklarına inanır. Yahudilerin tarihinin de tıpkı diğer ulusların tarihi gibi sadece insan ve doğa olaylarından ibaret olduğunu düşünür. Tevrat ve diğer dinî metinlerin insan ürünü olduğuna ve bilimsel araştırmaların bunu açık bir şekilde ortaya koyduğunu savunur. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Hümanist Yahudiliğin Rabbi Sherwin Theodore Wine tarafından kuruluşu, temel öğreti ve uygulamaları hakkında bilgi vermek suretiyle günümüz Yahudi dünyasındaki yeri üzerinde durmaktır. Hümanist Yahudiler hakkındaki bilgiler, mümkün olduğunca mensuplarınca yapılan yayınlardan tasviri metotla alınacaktır. Bunlar, özellikle geleneksel Yahudilik anlayışıyla karşılaştırma yapılarak ortaya konulacaktır.

References

  • 1. AHR, Association of Humanistic Rabbis. “Intermarriage”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://www.humanisticrabbis.org/intermarriage/
  • 2. Alalu, Suzan vd.. Yahudilikte Kavram ve Değerler, Dinsel Bayramlar-Dinsel Kavramlar-Dinsel Gereçler. İstanbul: Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., 1996.
  • 3. Besalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi. 3 Cilt. İstanbul: Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., 2001.
  • 4. Brody, Ed. What is Ignostic Judaism?: Thoughts of a Secular, Humanistic, Cultural, “Ignostic” Jew Regarding Science, Religion and Faith. Bloomigton: Author House, 2011.
  • 5. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan vd. (ed.). A Life of Courage: Sherwin Wine and Humanistic Judaism. Farmington Hills: Milan Press, 2003.
  • 6. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. Fifty Key Jewish Thinkers. London: Routledge, 1997.
  • 7. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. Modern Judaism. London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996.
  • 8. Güre, Mustafa. Dinlerde Geçiş Dönemleriyle İlgili İnanç ve Uygulamalar. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2015.
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  • 13. IISHJ, The International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism. “Circumcision and Jewish Identity”. Erişim 28 Ekim 2019. https://iishj.org/lcshj/lcshj-resolutions/
  • 14. Kahal B’raira Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “Core Principles of Humanistic Judaism”. Erişim 1 Aralık 2019. https://kahalbraira.org/about/humanistic-judaism/
  • 15. Kutluer, İlhan. “Pozitivizm”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 34/336-337. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2007.
  • 16. Kutsal Kitap ve Deuterokanonik (Apokrif) Kitaplar. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1. Basım, 2003.
  • 17. Lindsay, James A. Everybody Is Wrong About God. Durham: Pitchstone Publishing, 2015.
  • 18. Magee, Bryan. Yeni Düşün Adamları. çev. Mete Tunçay. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Yayınları, 1985.
  • 19. Neto, Fortunato Moreira dos Santos. An Exploration of Humanistic Judaism and its Quest to Retain Jewish Culture and Tradition. Potchefstroom: North-West Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 2019.
  • 20. Özalp, Mürsel. "Yahudilik’te ‘Tikkun Olam: Dünyayı Tamir Etme’ Kavramı Üzerine Bir Araştırma". Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 23/1 (Haziran 2019), 291-309.
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  • 25. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Death”. Erişim 29 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/death/
  • 26. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Marriage”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/marriage/
  • 27. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Passover”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/passover/
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  • 29. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Shabbat”. Erişim 19 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/shabbat/
  • 30. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Shavuot”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/shavuot/
  • 31. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “SHJ Magazine Humanistic Judaism”. Erişim 16 Eylül 2019. https://shj.org/about-6 Eylülshj/humanistic-judaism-journal/
  • 32. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Society for Humanistic Judaism Supports Marriage Rights of Same-Sex Couples”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/issues-and-resolutions/marriage-equality/
  • 33. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Society For Humanistic Judaism Supports Physician-Assisted Death”. 29 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/physician-assisted-death/
  • 34. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Sukkot”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/sukkot/
  • 35. Shook, John R. (ed.). The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Philosophers in America: From 1600 to the Present. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.
  • 36. Sümer, Necati. “Yahudilikte, Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslam’da Ötanazi”. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7/14 (Aralık 2016), 115-132.
  • 37. Tapper, Aaron J. Hahn. Judaisms A Twenty-First-Century Introduction to Jews and Jewish Identities. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016.
  • 38. The Birmingham Temple Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “How widespread is Humanistic Judaism?”. Erişim 1 Ekim 2019. https://www.birminghamtemple.com/faq
  • 39. The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “Frequently Asked Questions about Humanistic Judaism -What do Humanistic Jews believe about God?”. Erişim 14 Ekim 2019. https://citycongregation.org/faq/
  • 40. Wine, Sherwin T. Celebration: A Ceremonial Philosophic Guide for Humanists and Humanistic Jews. New York: Prometheus Books, 1988.
  • 41. Wine, Sherwin T. Humanistic Judaism. New York: Prometheus Books, 1978.
  • 42. Wine, Sherwin T. Judaism Beyond God. USA: Ktav Publishing House, 1995.
  • 43. Zola, Gary Phillip and Dollinger, Marc (ed.). American Jewish History: A Primary Source Reader. Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press, 2014.

Towards Godless Judaism: Humanistic Judaism and Its Basic Values

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 177 - 209, 28.12.2019

Abstract

The Humanistic
Judaism movement, which emerged from Reformist Judaism, was founded by Rabbi
Sherwin Theodore Wine (1928–2007) in 1963 in Detroit, USA. Particularly among
American Jews, it was recognized as the fifth sect in the face of Orthodox,
Reformist, Conservative and Reconstructionist movements. The most striking
aspect of Humanistic Judaism, which is the newest of the contemporary Jewish sects,
is that it advocates a godless understanding of Judaism based on universal
values ​​by opening the theological doctrines of Judaism to debate. Because of
this feature, it is mostly accepted among the secular Jews who adopt agnostic
or atheistic views. It exhibits the most radical stance against traditional
Judaism. It regards Judaism as a historical and cultural experience of the
Jewish people; religion is only a part of this experience. It believes that human
beings are independent of a supernatural authority and are responsible for
themselves and their behavior against them, and have the ability to shape their
own lives without such power. It thinks that the history of the Jews, just like
the history of other nations, consists solely of human and natural phenomena.
It argues that the Torah and other religious texts are written by human beings
and scientific researches clearly demonstrate that fact.
The aim of this
research is to emphasize the foundation of Humanistic Judaism by Rabbi Sherwin
Theodore Wine and its place in today’s Jewish world by giving information about
its basic teachings and practices. Information about Humanistic Jews will be
taken as much as possible from the publications made by the members of the
movement. These will be presented in comparison with specifically traditional
Judaism.

References

  • 1. AHR, Association of Humanistic Rabbis. “Intermarriage”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://www.humanisticrabbis.org/intermarriage/
  • 2. Alalu, Suzan vd.. Yahudilikte Kavram ve Değerler, Dinsel Bayramlar-Dinsel Kavramlar-Dinsel Gereçler. İstanbul: Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., 1996.
  • 3. Besalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi. 3 Cilt. İstanbul: Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın A.Ş., 2001.
  • 4. Brody, Ed. What is Ignostic Judaism?: Thoughts of a Secular, Humanistic, Cultural, “Ignostic” Jew Regarding Science, Religion and Faith. Bloomigton: Author House, 2011.
  • 5. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan vd. (ed.). A Life of Courage: Sherwin Wine and Humanistic Judaism. Farmington Hills: Milan Press, 2003.
  • 6. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. Fifty Key Jewish Thinkers. London: Routledge, 1997.
  • 7. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan. Modern Judaism. London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1996.
  • 8. Güre, Mustafa. Dinlerde Geçiş Dönemleriyle İlgili İnanç ve Uygulamalar. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2015.
  • 9. IFSHJ, The International Federation for Secular and Humanistic Judaism. “Who is a Jew, Second Biennial Conference Brussells October 1988”. Erişim 15 Ekim 2019. https://www.ifshj.net/1988-position-statements-full
  • 10. IFSHJ, The International Federation for Secular and Humanistic Judaism. “The Commitments of Secular Humanistic Jews, First Biennial Conference Detroit, Michigan October 1986. Erişim 9 Ekim 2019. https://www.ifshj.net/1986-position-statements-full
  • 11. IISHJ, The International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism. “About Us”. Erişim 12 Eylül 2019. https://iishj.org/about-us/
  • 12. IISHJ, The International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism. “Basic Ideas of Secular Humanistic Judaism”. Erişim 1 Aralık 2019. https://iishj.org/publications/basic-ideas-of-secular-humanistic-judaism/
  • 13. IISHJ, The International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism. “Circumcision and Jewish Identity”. Erişim 28 Ekim 2019. https://iishj.org/lcshj/lcshj-resolutions/
  • 14. Kahal B’raira Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “Core Principles of Humanistic Judaism”. Erişim 1 Aralık 2019. https://kahalbraira.org/about/humanistic-judaism/
  • 15. Kutluer, İlhan. “Pozitivizm”. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi. 34/336-337. Ankara: TDV Yayınları, 2007.
  • 16. Kutsal Kitap ve Deuterokanonik (Apokrif) Kitaplar. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1. Basım, 2003.
  • 17. Lindsay, James A. Everybody Is Wrong About God. Durham: Pitchstone Publishing, 2015.
  • 18. Magee, Bryan. Yeni Düşün Adamları. çev. Mete Tunçay. Ankara: Birey ve Toplum Yayınları, 1985.
  • 19. Neto, Fortunato Moreira dos Santos. An Exploration of Humanistic Judaism and its Quest to Retain Jewish Culture and Tradition. Potchefstroom: North-West Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 2019.
  • 20. Özalp, Mürsel. "Yahudilik’te ‘Tikkun Olam: Dünyayı Tamir Etme’ Kavramı Üzerine Bir Araştırma". Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 23/1 (Haziran 2019), 291-309.
  • 21. Sherwin Wine. “Career Highlights”. Erişim 16 Ekim 2019. http://www.sherwinwine.com/sherwin-wine/career-highlights/
  • 22. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “About the Holidays”. Erişim 20 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/
  • 23. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Bar and Bat Mitzvah and Confirmation”. Erişim 29 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/bar-and-bat-mitzvah-and-confirmation/
  • 24. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Birth Celebrations”. Erişim 28 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/birth-celebrations/
  • 25. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Death”. Erişim 29 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/death/
  • 26. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Marriage”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/life-cycles/marriage/
  • 27. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Passover”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/passover/
  • 28. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Rabbi Sherwin T. Wine”. Erişim 12 Eylül 2019. http://www.shj.org/humanistic-judaism/rabbi-sherwin-t-wine/
  • 29. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Shabbat”. Erişim 19 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/shabbat/
  • 30. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Shavuot”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/shavuot/
  • 31. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “SHJ Magazine Humanistic Judaism”. Erişim 16 Eylül 2019. https://shj.org/about-6 Eylülshj/humanistic-judaism-journal/
  • 32. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Society for Humanistic Judaism Supports Marriage Rights of Same-Sex Couples”. Erişim 12 Kasım 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/issues-and-resolutions/marriage-equality/
  • 33. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Society For Humanistic Judaism Supports Physician-Assisted Death”. 29 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/physician-assisted-death/
  • 34. SHJ, The Society for Humanistic Judaism. “Sukkot”. Erişim 22 Ekim 2019. https://shj.org/humanistic-jewish-life/about-the-holidays/sukkot/
  • 35. Shook, John R. (ed.). The Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Philosophers in America: From 1600 to the Present. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.
  • 36. Sümer, Necati. “Yahudilikte, Hıristiyanlıkta ve İslam’da Ötanazi”. Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7/14 (Aralık 2016), 115-132.
  • 37. Tapper, Aaron J. Hahn. Judaisms A Twenty-First-Century Introduction to Jews and Jewish Identities. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016.
  • 38. The Birmingham Temple Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “How widespread is Humanistic Judaism?”. Erişim 1 Ekim 2019. https://www.birminghamtemple.com/faq
  • 39. The City Congregation for Humanistic Judaism. “Frequently Asked Questions about Humanistic Judaism -What do Humanistic Jews believe about God?”. Erişim 14 Ekim 2019. https://citycongregation.org/faq/
  • 40. Wine, Sherwin T. Celebration: A Ceremonial Philosophic Guide for Humanists and Humanistic Jews. New York: Prometheus Books, 1988.
  • 41. Wine, Sherwin T. Humanistic Judaism. New York: Prometheus Books, 1978.
  • 42. Wine, Sherwin T. Judaism Beyond God. USA: Ktav Publishing House, 1995.
  • 43. Zola, Gary Phillip and Dollinger, Marc (ed.). American Jewish History: A Primary Source Reader. Massachusetts: Brandeis University Press, 2014.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article
Authors

Muhammed Ali Bağır 0000-0002-9700-8417

Publication Date December 28, 2019
Submission Date November 16, 2019
Acceptance Date December 4, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 8

Cite

ISNAD Bağır, Muhammed Ali. “Tanrısız Yahudiliğe Doğru: Hümanist Yahudilik Ve Temel Değerleri”. Kalemname 4/8 (December 2019), 177-209.

The main publication language in Kalemname is Turkish. Addition to the main language English, Arabic and German studies can also be published in Kalemname.

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