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FROM PRESCHOOL TO HIGHER EDUCATION: THE DUTCH EDUCATION SYSTEM

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 389 - 404, 27.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.69643/kaped.1440225

Abstract

This narrative review study focuses on the education system of the Netherlands, a country with approximately 17 million residents spanning from preschool to higher education. Our goal is to enhance understanding of the Dutch education system. To achieve this, we conducted a literature review that briefly explains various aspects of the system. The information gathered covers key topics, including the legal foundations of the Dutch education system, preschool education, primary education, secondary education, vocational education, and higher education. The research concludes that the Dutch education system is built on a framework of the Article 23 of the Dutch Constitution. Additionally, it highlights that the system offers a wide range of educational alternatives. Furthermore, it has been noted that the central government has not established any national education programs for implementation across the Netherlands. Nevertheless, an effective education system has been developed through rigorous monitoring of children's progress within the framework.

References

  • Bingöl, A. S., & Özdemir, M. Ç. (2014). Almanya ve Hollanda’da Türk göçmen işçi çocuklarına uygulanan eğitim politikaları. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 134-157.
  • Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. Sage.
  • Broekhof, K. (2006). Preschool Education in The Netherlands. Utrecht: Sardes Educational Services.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024a). Mbo; studenten, niveau, leerweg, studierichting, regiokenmerken. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85353NED/table?ts=1732405138651 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024b). Mbo; gediplomeerden, niveau, leerweg, studierichting, herkomst. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85355NED/table?ts=1732405931865 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024c). Bevolking; kerncijfers. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85496NED/table?ts=1732537969601 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024d). Jongeren. Hoeveel jongeren zijn er in Nederland? https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/leeftijd/jongeren adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024e). Herkomst. Hoeveel inwooners van Nederland zijn in het buitenland geboren? https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/herkomst adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024f). Ouders betaalden gemiddeld 3.201 euro aan kinderopvang in 2003. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/30/ouders-betaalden-gemiddeld-3-210-euro-aan-kinderopvang-in-2023 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024g). Meeste jongeren kiezen opleiding die hen het leukst lijkt. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/44/meeste-jongeren-kiezen-opleiding-die-hen-het-leukst-lijkt adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Cirit Gül, A. (2016). Türkiye ile Çin, Finlandiya, Japonya ve Hollanda’nın öğretmen yetiştirme ve seçme sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 63-72.
  • Darling Hammond, L. (2017). The Flat World and Education: How America's Commitment to Equity Will Determine Our Future. Teachers College Press.
  • De Nederlandse Grondwet Artikel 23. (2002). https://www.denederlandsegrondwet.nl/id/vi5kn3s122s4/artikel_23_het_openbaar_en_bijzonder adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Driessen, G. (2018). Early childhood education intervention programs in the Netherlands: Still searching for empirical evidence. Education Sciences, 8(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010003
  • EURYDICE. (2008/09). Organization of The Education System in The Netherlands. European Commission, 2008/09 edition. https://estudandoeducacao.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/holanda.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EURYDICE. (2018). Organisation of The Education System and of Its Structure. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organisation-education-system-and-its-structure-53_en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EURYDICE. (2019). Organisation of Primary School. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organisation-primary-education-32_en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Güler, C. (2022). Finlandiya, Çin, Hollanda ve Türkiye’de uygulanan yabancı dil (İngilizce) eğitim programlarının karşılaştırılması. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Hudson, E., Leask, M., &Younie, S. (2020). Education System Design: Foundations, Policy Options and Consequences. Routledge.
  • Hattie, J. (2017). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Routledge.
  • Karakurt Abass, S. (2013). Okul modeli olarak “De Brede School”: Hollanda örneği. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Kaynak Ekici, K. B., & Temel, Z. F. (2023). Effectiveness of the Netherlands’ pyramid method in the Turkish context. Evaluation and Program Planning, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102220
  • Kocabaş, A. (2005). Hollanda eğitim sistemi ve sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirmede aktif bir model. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 167, 16-28.
  • Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024a). Geschiedenis. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-onderwijs-cultuur-en-wetenschap/organisatie/geschiedenis#:~:text=De%20eerste%20onderwijswetten%20stammen%20uit,kwam%20de%20bekende%20schoolstrijd%20voort adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024b). Ontwikkeling van het aantal leerlingen in het primair onderwijs. https://www.ocwincijfers.nl/sectoren/primair-onderwijs/leerlingen/aantallen-ontwikkeling-aantal-leerlingen adresinden erişilmiştir. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024c). Stromen in het Nederlandse onderwijs. https://www.ocwincijfers.nl/sectoren/onderwijs-algemeen/leerlingen-en-studenten/stromen-in-het-nederlandse-onderwijs adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Netherlands Organızation for International Cooperatıon in Higher Education (NUFFIC). (2012). Country Module: The Netherlands. Degrees and Qualifications in The Netherlands. International Recognition Department, The Hague. http://ecahe.eu/w/images/b/be/NUFFIC-country-module-netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2016a). Netherlands 2016: Foundations for the Future, Reviews of National Policies for Education. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264257658-en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2016b). Starting Strong IV Monitoring Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care Data Country Note: Netherlands. http://www.oecd.org/education/school/ECECDCN-Netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. OECD. (2023). Education at a Glance OECD Indicators Netherlands-Country Note. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-onderwijs-cultuur-en-wetenschap/documenten/rapporten/2023/09/12/country-note-education-at-a-glance-2023 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2024). Education at a Glance 2024: OECD Indicators. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/c00cad36-en.pdf?expires=1732528969&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=4491306BB7F174884BAEDBB19706193F adresinden erilmiştir.
  • Özhamit, N. (2003). Türk ve Hollanda eğitim sistemlerinin ilköğretim yönetimlerinin karşılaştırılması. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024a). Waarom moet ik enn startkwalificatie haben? https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/leerplicht/vraag-en-antwoord/waarom-moet-ik-een-startkwalificatie-hebben adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024b). Kwaliteit kinderopvang. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/kinderopvang/kwaliteitseisen-kinderopvang-en-peuterspeelzalen adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024c). Kwaliteit basisonderwijs. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/basisonderwijs/kwaliteit-basisonderwijs-omhoog adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024d). Kansengelijkheid op de basisschool. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/kansengelijkheid-in-het-onderwijs/basisonderwijs adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Saracaloğlu, A. S. (2023). Karşılaştırmalı eğitime giriş. A. S. Saracaloğlu (Edt.), Dünya Ülkelerinden Örneklerle Karşılaştırmalı Eğitim ve Öğretmen Yetiştirme Sitemlerine Bakış I (ss. 1-48). Pegem Akademi
  • Scheerens, J., Ehren, M. C. M., Sleegers, P. J. C., & De Leeuw, R. (2012). OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes: Country Background Report for The Netherlands. The Hague, the Netherlands: Ministry of Education. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/NLD_CBR_Evaluation _and_Assessment.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • SLO (2009). Inclusive Education in the Netherlands. Enschede: SLO/National Institute for Curriculum Development. http://downloads.slo.nl/Repository/inclusiveeducation-in-the-netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Sutton, A., Clowes, M., Preston, L., & Booth, A. (2019). Meeting the review family: Expolorind review types and associated information retrival requirements. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 36, 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12276
  • Turpçu, M. (2018). Hollanda eğitim sistemi: Türk eğitim sistemine ilişkin çıkarımlar. Rota Educational and Social Science Journal, 5(14), 583-599.
  • UNESCO. (2012). World Data on Education 2010/11. Geneva: UNESCO/International Bureau of Education. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ural, A. (2012). Türk asıllı göçmenlerin Hollanda’daki temel eğitim uygulamalarına yönelik ayrımcılık algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(165), 262-274.
  • Van Oers, B. (2013). Educational innovation between freedom and fixation: the cultural-political construction of innovations in early childhood education in the Netherlands. International Journal of Early Years Education, 21(2-3), 178-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2013.832949
  • Willekens, H. (2015). Religious Cleavages, the School Struggle and the Development of Early Childhood Education in Belgium, France and the Netherlands. The Development of Early Childhood Education in Europe and North America Historical and Comparative Perspectives içinde (Edts: H. Willekens, K. Scheiwe & K. Nawrotzki) London: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • World Bank. (2021). World development report 2021: Data for better lives. Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35218/9781464816000.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.

OKUL ÖNCESİNDEN YÜKSEKÖĞRETİME: HOLLANDA EĞİTİM SİSTEMİ

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 389 - 404, 27.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.69643/kaped.1440225

Abstract

Öyküsel derleme deseninde yürütülen bu araştırmada Hollanda eğitim sisteminin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yaklaşık 17 milyonluk bir ülke olan Hollanda eğitim sistemi okul öncesi eğitimden yükseköğretime dek ele alınmak sureti ile Hollanda eğitim sisteminin anlaşılırlığına katkıda bulunulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç dahilinde alan yazın taraması yapılmış ve Hollanda eğitim sistemi açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Alan yazın taraması sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler Hollanda eğitim sisteminin yasal dayanakları, okul öncesi eğitim, ilköğretim, ortaöğretim, mesleki eğitim ve yükseköğretim başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda Hollanda eğitim sisteminin temelde Hollanda Anayasası’nın 23. Maddesinin sağlamış olduğu olanaklar üzerine bina edildiği; pek çok alternatif sunduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Hollanda genelinde merkezi yönetim tarafından uygulaması amacı ile geliştirilen ulusal eğitim programlarının bulunmadığı, buna rağmen sistemin içindeki çocukların gelişimlerini yakından izleyerek başarılı bir eğitim sistemi bina ettiği görülmüştür.

References

  • Bingöl, A. S., & Özdemir, M. Ç. (2014). Almanya ve Hollanda’da Türk göçmen işçi çocuklarına uygulanan eğitim politikaları. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 134-157.
  • Booth, A., Sutton, A., & Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. Sage.
  • Broekhof, K. (2006). Preschool Education in The Netherlands. Utrecht: Sardes Educational Services.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024a). Mbo; studenten, niveau, leerweg, studierichting, regiokenmerken. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85353NED/table?ts=1732405138651 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024b). Mbo; gediplomeerden, niveau, leerweg, studierichting, herkomst. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85355NED/table?ts=1732405931865 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024c). Bevolking; kerncijfers. https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/85496NED/table?ts=1732537969601 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024d). Jongeren. Hoeveel jongeren zijn er in Nederland? https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/leeftijd/jongeren adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024e). Herkomst. Hoeveel inwooners van Nederland zijn in het buitenland geboren? https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/herkomst adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024f). Ouders betaalden gemiddeld 3.201 euro aan kinderopvang in 2003. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/30/ouders-betaalden-gemiddeld-3-210-euro-aan-kinderopvang-in-2023 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2024g). Meeste jongeren kiezen opleiding die hen het leukst lijkt. https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2024/44/meeste-jongeren-kiezen-opleiding-die-hen-het-leukst-lijkt adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Cirit Gül, A. (2016). Türkiye ile Çin, Finlandiya, Japonya ve Hollanda’nın öğretmen yetiştirme ve seçme sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 63-72.
  • Darling Hammond, L. (2017). The Flat World and Education: How America's Commitment to Equity Will Determine Our Future. Teachers College Press.
  • De Nederlandse Grondwet Artikel 23. (2002). https://www.denederlandsegrondwet.nl/id/vi5kn3s122s4/artikel_23_het_openbaar_en_bijzonder adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Driessen, G. (2018). Early childhood education intervention programs in the Netherlands: Still searching for empirical evidence. Education Sciences, 8(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010003
  • EURYDICE. (2008/09). Organization of The Education System in The Netherlands. European Commission, 2008/09 edition. https://estudandoeducacao.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/holanda.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EURYDICE. (2018). Organisation of The Education System and of Its Structure. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organisation-education-system-and-its-structure-53_en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EURYDICE. (2019). Organisation of Primary School. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/organisation-primary-education-32_en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Güler, C. (2022). Finlandiya, Çin, Hollanda ve Türkiye’de uygulanan yabancı dil (İngilizce) eğitim programlarının karşılaştırılması. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Hudson, E., Leask, M., &Younie, S. (2020). Education System Design: Foundations, Policy Options and Consequences. Routledge.
  • Hattie, J. (2017). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Routledge.
  • Karakurt Abass, S. (2013). Okul modeli olarak “De Brede School”: Hollanda örneği. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Kaynak Ekici, K. B., & Temel, Z. F. (2023). Effectiveness of the Netherlands’ pyramid method in the Turkish context. Evaluation and Program Planning, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2022.102220
  • Kocabaş, A. (2005). Hollanda eğitim sistemi ve sınıf öğretmeni yetiştirmede aktif bir model. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 167, 16-28.
  • Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024a). Geschiedenis. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-onderwijs-cultuur-en-wetenschap/organisatie/geschiedenis#:~:text=De%20eerste%20onderwijswetten%20stammen%20uit,kwam%20de%20bekende%20schoolstrijd%20voort adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024b). Ontwikkeling van het aantal leerlingen in het primair onderwijs. https://www.ocwincijfers.nl/sectoren/primair-onderwijs/leerlingen/aantallen-ontwikkeling-aantal-leerlingen adresinden erişilmiştir. Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. (2024c). Stromen in het Nederlandse onderwijs. https://www.ocwincijfers.nl/sectoren/onderwijs-algemeen/leerlingen-en-studenten/stromen-in-het-nederlandse-onderwijs adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Netherlands Organızation for International Cooperatıon in Higher Education (NUFFIC). (2012). Country Module: The Netherlands. Degrees and Qualifications in The Netherlands. International Recognition Department, The Hague. http://ecahe.eu/w/images/b/be/NUFFIC-country-module-netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2016a). Netherlands 2016: Foundations for the Future, Reviews of National Policies for Education. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264257658-en adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2016b). Starting Strong IV Monitoring Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care Data Country Note: Netherlands. http://www.oecd.org/education/school/ECECDCN-Netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir. OECD. (2023). Education at a Glance OECD Indicators Netherlands-Country Note. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/ministeries/ministerie-van-onderwijs-cultuur-en-wetenschap/documenten/rapporten/2023/09/12/country-note-education-at-a-glance-2023 adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • OECD. (2024). Education at a Glance 2024: OECD Indicators. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/c00cad36-en.pdf?expires=1732528969&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=4491306BB7F174884BAEDBB19706193F adresinden erilmiştir.
  • Özhamit, N. (2003). Türk ve Hollanda eğitim sistemlerinin ilköğretim yönetimlerinin karşılaştırılması. [Yüksek lisans tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024a). Waarom moet ik enn startkwalificatie haben? https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/leerplicht/vraag-en-antwoord/waarom-moet-ik-een-startkwalificatie-hebben adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024b). Kwaliteit kinderopvang. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/kinderopvang/kwaliteitseisen-kinderopvang-en-peuterspeelzalen adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024c). Kwaliteit basisonderwijs. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/basisonderwijs/kwaliteit-basisonderwijs-omhoog adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Rijksoverheid. (2024d). Kansengelijkheid op de basisschool. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/kansengelijkheid-in-het-onderwijs/basisonderwijs adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Saracaloğlu, A. S. (2023). Karşılaştırmalı eğitime giriş. A. S. Saracaloğlu (Edt.), Dünya Ülkelerinden Örneklerle Karşılaştırmalı Eğitim ve Öğretmen Yetiştirme Sitemlerine Bakış I (ss. 1-48). Pegem Akademi
  • Scheerens, J., Ehren, M. C. M., Sleegers, P. J. C., & De Leeuw, R. (2012). OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes: Country Background Report for The Netherlands. The Hague, the Netherlands: Ministry of Education. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/NLD_CBR_Evaluation _and_Assessment.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • SLO (2009). Inclusive Education in the Netherlands. Enschede: SLO/National Institute for Curriculum Development. http://downloads.slo.nl/Repository/inclusiveeducation-in-the-netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Sutton, A., Clowes, M., Preston, L., & Booth, A. (2019). Meeting the review family: Expolorind review types and associated information retrival requirements. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 36, 202-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12276
  • Turpçu, M. (2018). Hollanda eğitim sistemi: Türk eğitim sistemine ilişkin çıkarımlar. Rota Educational and Social Science Journal, 5(14), 583-599.
  • UNESCO. (2012). World Data on Education 2010/11. Geneva: UNESCO/International Bureau of Education. http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/WDE/2010/pdf-versions/Netherlands.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Ural, A. (2012). Türk asıllı göçmenlerin Hollanda’daki temel eğitim uygulamalarına yönelik ayrımcılık algıları. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(165), 262-274.
  • Van Oers, B. (2013). Educational innovation between freedom and fixation: the cultural-political construction of innovations in early childhood education in the Netherlands. International Journal of Early Years Education, 21(2-3), 178-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2013.832949
  • Willekens, H. (2015). Religious Cleavages, the School Struggle and the Development of Early Childhood Education in Belgium, France and the Netherlands. The Development of Early Childhood Education in Europe and North America Historical and Comparative Perspectives içinde (Edts: H. Willekens, K. Scheiwe & K. Nawrotzki) London: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • World Bank. (2021). World development report 2021: Data for better lives. Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/35218/9781464816000.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Comparative and Cross-Cultural Education, Education Policy
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

K. Büşra Kaynak Ekici 0000-0002-2897-2018

Early Pub Date December 25, 2024
Publication Date December 27, 2024
Submission Date February 20, 2024
Acceptance Date December 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaynak Ekici, K. B. (2024). OKUL ÖNCESİNDEN YÜKSEKÖĞRETİME: HOLLANDA EĞİTİM SİSTEMİ. Kapadokya Eğitim Dergisi, 5(2), 389-404. https://doi.org/10.69643/kaped.1440225

Cappadocia Journal of Education (KAPED) is indexed by H.W. Wilson Index Education Source Coverage List,  H.W. Wilson Education Source Ultimate Database Coverage List, EBSCO, EuroPub Database, Directory of Research Journal Indexing, Idealonline, ROAD Index, Turkish Religious Foundation Islamic Studies Center (ISAM), Eurasian Scientific Journal Index, AcarIndeks, and OJOP. The review process for many other indexes continues.

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