Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

NEOREALİZME ELEŞTİRİLER: ALEXANDER WENDT’İN İNŞACI MODELİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 87, 1334 - 1358, 26.09.2025

Öz

Bu makale, Uluslararası İlişkiler alanında önemli bir paradigma olan Neorealizm'in temel varsayımlarını eleştiren Alexander Wendt'in sosyal inşacılık modelini incelemektedir. Neorealizm, devletlerin davranışlarını uluslararası sistemin yapısal özelliklerine ve anarşik ortamda hayatta kalma mücadelesine dayanarak açıklarken, devletlerin kimlik ve çıkarlarının nasıl şekillendiğini açıklamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır. Wendt'in sosyal inşacılık modeli, uluslararası politikanın yalnızca maddi güç dağılımıyla değil, aynı zamanda paylaşılan normlar, kolektif kimlikler ve sosyal etkileşimlerle inşa edildiğini savunur. Bu yaklaşım, devletlerin kimlik ve çıkarlarının sosyal etkileşim süreçleriyle şekillendiğini ve uluslararası yapının yalnızca maddi güç faktörlerinden oluşmadığını vurgular. Makale, Wendt'in Neorealizm'in bireyci ve materyalist ontolojisini eleştirerek, uluslararası politikanın daha dinamik ve dönüştürülebilir bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koyduğunu tartışmaktadır. Wendt, uluslararası sistemin devletlerin kimlik ve çıkarlarını şekillendiren bir sosyal yapı olduğunu savunarak, Neorealizm'in materyalist ve bireyci yaklaşımını sorgular. Makale, Wendt'in Neorealizm'e yönelik üç temel eleştirisini özetler: Neorealizm'in bireyci doğası, materyalist yaklaşımı ve devletler arası etkileşimi bireyci teorilerle açıklama eğilimi. Wendt, uluslararası sistemin maddi özelliklerden ziyade fikirlerin dağılımı ve paylaşılan bilgi üzerine kurulu olduğunu savunur. Bu yaklaşım, devletlerin kimlik ve çıkarlarının uluslararası sistem tarafından inşa edildiğini ve bu sürecin sosyal etkileşimlerle şekillendiğini vurgular.

Kaynakça

  • ADLER, E. (1997). Seizing the middle ground: Constructivism in world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 3(3), 319-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066197003003003
  • ADLER, E. (2019). World ordering: A social theory of cognitive evolution. Cambridge Universi-ty Press.
  • ALAKUŞ, A. Ö., vd. (2015). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri . İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • ARI, T. (2010). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri. Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
  • ARI, T., vd. (2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler kuramları: Çatışma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • ATEŞ, H. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkilerde inşacılık yaklaşımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilg-iler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), 217-238.
  • BARNES, B. (1988). The nature of power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Buzan, B., Jones, C., & Little, R. (1993). The logic of anarchy: Neorealism to structural realism. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • BÜYÜKTANIR, D. (2013). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık ve Alexander Wendt. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 1-23.
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2004). Social constructivisms in global and European politics: A review essay. Review of International Studies, 30(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504006023
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2005). International institutions and socialization in Europe: Introduction and framework. International Organization, 59(4), 801–826. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050289
  • D’ANDRADE, R. (1984). Cultural meaning systems. In R. Shweder & R. A. LeVine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion (pp. 88-119). Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
  • DAVITT, D. (1991). Realism and knowledge. Philosophical Studies, 62(1), 41-56.
  • FINNEMORE, M., & Sikkink, K. (2020). International norm dynamics and political change. In J. Baylis, P. Owens, & P. Smith (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations (8th ed., pp. 257– 272). Oxford University Press.
  • GOLDSTEIN, J. S., Pevehouse, J. C., & Whitworth, S. (2013). International relations. Toronto: Pearson Canada.
  • GIDDENS, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • HARRE, R. (1988). The social construction of emotions. Journal for the Theory of Social Be-haviour, 18(3), 305- 329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1988.tb00130.x
  • HOPF, T. (2017). The limits of neoclassical realism: Add domestic politics and stir? Interna-tional Politics, 54(4), 468–482. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0046-1
  • JACKSON, P. T. (2007). Civilizing the enemy: German reconstruction and the invention of the West. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1986). Realism, neorealism and the study of world politics. In R. O. Keohane (Ed.), Neorealism and its critics (pp. 1-26). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1988). International institutions: Two approaches. International Studies Quarterly, 32(4), 379- 396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600589
  • KAYA, A. (2008). İnşacılık ve uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi: Alexander Wendt’in epistemolojik ve ontolojik yaklaşımları. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(1), 97-119.
  • KRISHNA, D. (1971). " The self-fulfilling prophecy" and the Nature of Society. American Socio-logical Review, 36(6), 1104-1107.
  • KÜÇÜK, M. (2009). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık. Bilgi Dergisi, 11(1), 773-789.
  • LEBOW, R. N. (1995). The long peace, the end of the cold war, and the failure of realism. Inter-national Organization, 48(2), 249-277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028186
  • MORAVCSIK, A. (1997). Taking preferences seriously: A liberal theory of international politics. International Organization, 51(4), 513-553. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081897550447
  • MORGENTHAU, H. J. (1946). Scientific man vs. power politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • MUSGRAVE, A. (1988). Realism defended. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 88, 239-266.
  • ONUF, N. (1998). Constructivism: A user’s manual. In V. Kubálková, N. Onuf, & P. Kowert (Eds.), International relations in a constructed world (pp. 58-78). Armonk, NY: M.E.
  • ONUF, N. (2012). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international rela-tions. London: Routledge.
  • ONUF, N. (2013). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international relati-ons (2nd ed.). Routledge. (Original work published 1989).
  • SHAPIRO, I. (1992). The flight from reality in the human sciences. World Politics, 44(2), 197-231.
  • SMITH, M. J. (1983). Realist thought from Weber to Kissinger. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  • STIGLER, G. J., & Becker, G. S. (1977). De gustibus non est disputandum. The American Eco-nomic Review, 67(2), 76-90.
  • SWIDLER, A. (1986). Culture in action: Symbols and strategies. American sociological review, 273-286.
  • TAYLOR, C. (1971). Interpretation and the sciences of man. Review of Metaphysics, 25(1), 3-51.
  • TICKNER, J. A., & Sjoberg, L. (2020). Feminism and international relations: Conversations about the past, present and future. Routledge.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1959). Man, the state, and war: A theoretical analysis. New York: Columbia Uni-versity Press.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (2015). Neorealizm ve dünya siyaseti (Çev. F. Çelebi). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • WEBER, C. (2012). International relations theory: A critical introduction. London: Routledge.
  • WENDT, A. (2012). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 87, 1334 - 1358, 26.09.2025

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ADLER, E. (1997). Seizing the middle ground: Constructivism in world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 3(3), 319-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066197003003003
  • ADLER, E. (2019). World ordering: A social theory of cognitive evolution. Cambridge Universi-ty Press.
  • ALAKUŞ, A. Ö., vd. (2015). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri . İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • ARI, T. (2010). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri. Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
  • ARI, T., vd. (2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler kuramları: Çatışma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • ATEŞ, H. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkilerde inşacılık yaklaşımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilg-iler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), 217-238.
  • BARNES, B. (1988). The nature of power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Buzan, B., Jones, C., & Little, R. (1993). The logic of anarchy: Neorealism to structural realism. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • BÜYÜKTANIR, D. (2013). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık ve Alexander Wendt. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 1-23.
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2004). Social constructivisms in global and European politics: A review essay. Review of International Studies, 30(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504006023
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2005). International institutions and socialization in Europe: Introduction and framework. International Organization, 59(4), 801–826. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050289
  • D’ANDRADE, R. (1984). Cultural meaning systems. In R. Shweder & R. A. LeVine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion (pp. 88-119). Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
  • DAVITT, D. (1991). Realism and knowledge. Philosophical Studies, 62(1), 41-56.
  • FINNEMORE, M., & Sikkink, K. (2020). International norm dynamics and political change. In J. Baylis, P. Owens, & P. Smith (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations (8th ed., pp. 257– 272). Oxford University Press.
  • GOLDSTEIN, J. S., Pevehouse, J. C., & Whitworth, S. (2013). International relations. Toronto: Pearson Canada.
  • GIDDENS, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • HARRE, R. (1988). The social construction of emotions. Journal for the Theory of Social Be-haviour, 18(3), 305- 329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1988.tb00130.x
  • HOPF, T. (2017). The limits of neoclassical realism: Add domestic politics and stir? Interna-tional Politics, 54(4), 468–482. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0046-1
  • JACKSON, P. T. (2007). Civilizing the enemy: German reconstruction and the invention of the West. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1986). Realism, neorealism and the study of world politics. In R. O. Keohane (Ed.), Neorealism and its critics (pp. 1-26). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1988). International institutions: Two approaches. International Studies Quarterly, 32(4), 379- 396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600589
  • KAYA, A. (2008). İnşacılık ve uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi: Alexander Wendt’in epistemolojik ve ontolojik yaklaşımları. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(1), 97-119.
  • KRISHNA, D. (1971). " The self-fulfilling prophecy" and the Nature of Society. American Socio-logical Review, 36(6), 1104-1107.
  • KÜÇÜK, M. (2009). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık. Bilgi Dergisi, 11(1), 773-789.
  • LEBOW, R. N. (1995). The long peace, the end of the cold war, and the failure of realism. Inter-national Organization, 48(2), 249-277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028186
  • MORAVCSIK, A. (1997). Taking preferences seriously: A liberal theory of international politics. International Organization, 51(4), 513-553. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081897550447
  • MORGENTHAU, H. J. (1946). Scientific man vs. power politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • MUSGRAVE, A. (1988). Realism defended. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 88, 239-266.
  • ONUF, N. (1998). Constructivism: A user’s manual. In V. Kubálková, N. Onuf, & P. Kowert (Eds.), International relations in a constructed world (pp. 58-78). Armonk, NY: M.E.
  • ONUF, N. (2012). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international rela-tions. London: Routledge.
  • ONUF, N. (2013). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international relati-ons (2nd ed.). Routledge. (Original work published 1989).
  • SHAPIRO, I. (1992). The flight from reality in the human sciences. World Politics, 44(2), 197-231.
  • SMITH, M. J. (1983). Realist thought from Weber to Kissinger. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  • STIGLER, G. J., & Becker, G. S. (1977). De gustibus non est disputandum. The American Eco-nomic Review, 67(2), 76-90.
  • SWIDLER, A. (1986). Culture in action: Symbols and strategies. American sociological review, 273-286.
  • TAYLOR, C. (1971). Interpretation and the sciences of man. Review of Metaphysics, 25(1), 3-51.
  • TICKNER, J. A., & Sjoberg, L. (2020). Feminism and international relations: Conversations about the past, present and future. Routledge.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1959). Man, the state, and war: A theoretical analysis. New York: Columbia Uni-versity Press.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (2015). Neorealizm ve dünya siyaseti (Çev. F. Çelebi). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • WEBER, C. (2012). International relations theory: A critical introduction. London: Routledge.
  • WENDT, A. (2012). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres

CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT'S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 87, 1334 - 1358, 26.09.2025

Öz

This article examines Alexander Wendt's social constructivist model, which critiques the core assumptions of Neorealism, an important paradigm in the field of International Relations. Neorealism explains state behavior based on the structural features of the international system and the struggle for survival in an anarchic environment, but it falls short in explaining how states' identities and interests are shaped. Wendt's social constructivist model argues that international politics is constructed not only by the distribution of material power but also by shared norms, collective identities, and social interactions. This approach emphasizes that states' identities and interests are shaped by social interaction processes, and that the international structure is not composed solely of material power factors. The article discusses how Wendt critiques Neorealism's individualistic and materialist ontology, revealing that international politics has a more dynamic and transformable nature. Wendt argues that the international system is a social structure that shapes states' identities and interests, challenging Neorealism's materialist and individualist approach. The article summarizes three main critiques Wendt makes of Neorealism: its individualistic nature, materialist approach, and the tendency to explain interstate interaction through individualistic theories rather than systemic theories. Wendt argues that the international system is based on the distribution of ideas and shared knowledge rather than material features. This approach emphasizes that states' identities and interests are constructed by the international system and shaped by social interactions.

Kaynakça

  • ADLER, E. (1997). Seizing the middle ground: Constructivism in world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 3(3), 319-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066197003003003
  • ADLER, E. (2019). World ordering: A social theory of cognitive evolution. Cambridge Universi-ty Press.
  • ALAKUŞ, A. Ö., vd. (2015). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri . İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • ARI, T. (2010). Uluslararası ilişkiler teorileri. Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
  • ARI, T., vd. (2011). Uluslararası ilişkiler kuramları: Çatışma, hegemonya, işbirliği. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • ATEŞ, H. (2008). Uluslararası ilişkilerde inşacılık yaklaşımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilg-iler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), 217-238.
  • BARNES, B. (1988). The nature of power. Cambridge: Polity Press. Buzan, B., Jones, C., & Little, R. (1993). The logic of anarchy: Neorealism to structural realism. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • BÜYÜKTANIR, D. (2013). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık ve Alexander Wendt. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 48(1), 1-23.
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2004). Social constructivisms in global and European politics: A review essay. Review of International Studies, 30(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210504006023
  • CHECKEL, J. T. (2005). International institutions and socialization in Europe: Introduction and framework. International Organization, 59(4), 801–826. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050289
  • D’ANDRADE, R. (1984). Cultural meaning systems. In R. Shweder & R. A. LeVine (Eds.), Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion (pp. 88-119). Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-sity Press.
  • DAVITT, D. (1991). Realism and knowledge. Philosophical Studies, 62(1), 41-56.
  • FINNEMORE, M., & Sikkink, K. (2020). International norm dynamics and political change. In J. Baylis, P. Owens, & P. Smith (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations (8th ed., pp. 257– 272). Oxford University Press.
  • GOLDSTEIN, J. S., Pevehouse, J. C., & Whitworth, S. (2013). International relations. Toronto: Pearson Canada.
  • GIDDENS, A. (1979). Central problems in social theory: Action, structure and contradiction in social analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • HARRE, R. (1988). The social construction of emotions. Journal for the Theory of Social Be-haviour, 18(3), 305- 329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1988.tb00130.x
  • HOPF, T. (2017). The limits of neoclassical realism: Add domestic politics and stir? Interna-tional Politics, 54(4), 468–482. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41311-017-0046-1
  • JACKSON, P. T. (2007). Civilizing the enemy: German reconstruction and the invention of the West. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1986). Realism, neorealism and the study of world politics. In R. O. Keohane (Ed.), Neorealism and its critics (pp. 1-26). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • KEOHANE, R. O. (1988). International institutions: Two approaches. International Studies Quarterly, 32(4), 379- 396. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600589
  • KAYA, A. (2008). İnşacılık ve uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi: Alexander Wendt’in epistemolojik ve ontolojik yaklaşımları. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(1), 97-119.
  • KRISHNA, D. (1971). " The self-fulfilling prophecy" and the Nature of Society. American Socio-logical Review, 36(6), 1104-1107.
  • KÜÇÜK, M. (2009). Uluslararası ilişkilerde sosyal inşacılık. Bilgi Dergisi, 11(1), 773-789.
  • LEBOW, R. N. (1995). The long peace, the end of the cold war, and the failure of realism. Inter-national Organization, 48(2), 249-277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028186
  • MORAVCSIK, A. (1997). Taking preferences seriously: A liberal theory of international politics. International Organization, 51(4), 513-553. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081897550447
  • MORGENTHAU, H. J. (1946). Scientific man vs. power politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • MUSGRAVE, A. (1988). Realism defended. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 88, 239-266.
  • ONUF, N. (1998). Constructivism: A user’s manual. In V. Kubálková, N. Onuf, & P. Kowert (Eds.), International relations in a constructed world (pp. 58-78). Armonk, NY: M.E.
  • ONUF, N. (2012). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international rela-tions. London: Routledge.
  • ONUF, N. (2013). World of our making: Rules and rule in social theory and international relati-ons (2nd ed.). Routledge. (Original work published 1989).
  • SHAPIRO, I. (1992). The flight from reality in the human sciences. World Politics, 44(2), 197-231.
  • SMITH, M. J. (1983). Realist thought from Weber to Kissinger. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  • STIGLER, G. J., & Becker, G. S. (1977). De gustibus non est disputandum. The American Eco-nomic Review, 67(2), 76-90.
  • SWIDLER, A. (1986). Culture in action: Symbols and strategies. American sociological review, 273-286.
  • TAYLOR, C. (1971). Interpretation and the sciences of man. Review of Metaphysics, 25(1), 3-51.
  • TICKNER, J. A., & Sjoberg, L. (2020). Feminism and international relations: Conversations about the past, present and future. Routledge.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1959). Man, the state, and war: A theoretical analysis. New York: Columbia Uni-versity Press.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • WALTZ, K. N. (2015). Neorealizm ve dünya siyaseti (Çev. F. Çelebi). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • WEBER, C. (2012). International relations theory: A critical introduction. London: Routledge.
  • WENDT, A. (2012). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ali Hacıbektaşoğlu 0000-0002-0682-7135

Nevzat Torun 0000-0003-3348-995X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 87

Kaynak Göster

APA Hacıbektaşoğlu, A., & Torun, N. (2025). CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 22(87), 1334-1358.
AMA Hacıbektaşoğlu A, Torun N. CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. Eylül 2025;22(87):1334-1358.
Chicago Hacıbektaşoğlu, Ali, ve Nevzat Torun. “CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 22, sy. 87 (Eylül 2025): 1334-58.
EndNote Hacıbektaşoğlu A, Torun N (01 Eylül 2025) CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 22 87 1334–1358.
IEEE A. Hacıbektaşoğlu ve N. Torun, “CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 22, sy. 87, ss. 1334–1358, 2025.
ISNAD Hacıbektaşoğlu, Ali - Torun, Nevzat. “CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları 22/87 (Eylül2025), 1334-1358.
JAMA Hacıbektaşoğlu A, Torun N. CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2025;22:1334–1358.
MLA Hacıbektaşoğlu, Ali ve Nevzat Torun. “CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL”. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, c. 22, sy. 87, 2025, ss. 1334-58.
Vancouver Hacıbektaşoğlu A, Torun N. CRITIQUES OF NEOREALISM: ALEXANDER WENDT’S CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL. Karadeniz Araştırmaları. 2025;22(87):1334-58.