Farklı Kadmiyum ve Kurşun Oranlarının Ergin Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nin Yumurta Üretimi ve Açılımı Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 142 - 150, 27.12.2020

Mehmet Sulanç

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kurşun-nitrat ve kadmiyum-klorür gibi ağır metallerin Pimpla turionellae L.(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) ergin
dişilerinin yumurta verimi ve açılımı üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Deneylerde, kurşun-nitratın besine katılan tüm konsantrasyon
değerleri kontrol grubuna göre böceklerin toplam yumurta sayısı ve açılma oranını etkilememiştir. Bununla beraber %0.50 ve %1.00
oranında kadmiyum-klorür içeren sentetik besin hem toplam yumurta sayısı hem de açılma oranını önemli derecede azaltmıştır.
Bunun tam tersine %5.00 kadmiyum-klorür konsantrasyonu yumurta verimliliği ve açılma yüzdesini kontrol grubuna göre arttırmıştır.
Sonuç olarak, kadmiyum-klorür, yumurta verimi ve yumurta açılım yüzdesini kurşun-nitrat’tan daha fazla düşürmüştür.

Keywords

Pimpla turionellae, Kadmiyum, Kurşun, Yumurta açılımı, Yumurta üretimi

Effects of Different Cadmium and Lead Rates on the Egg Production and Hatchability of Adult Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of heavy metals such as lead-nitrate and cadmium-chloride on the egg production and hatchabilty of the adult
females of Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were investigated. In the experiments, in all rates of lead-nitrate,
added to diets did not significantly affect the total egg productions and percentages of egg hatch comparing to the control group.
Furthermore, both total egg productions and their hatchability were significantly decreased by the synthetic diet consisting of 0.50 mg
percent and 1.00 mg percent of cadmium-chloride rates. However, 5.00 mg percent of cadmium-chloride concentration increased the
egg production and percentage of egg hatch compared to the control group. Consequently, cadmium-chloride decreased the values of
egg productions and percentages of egg hatch more than lead-nitrate.

Keywords

Cadmium, Lead, Pimpla turionellae, Egg hatchability, Egg production

References

• Bream, AS. 2003. Laboratory evaluation of heavy metals stress on certain biochemical parameters of the aquatic insect, Sphaerodema urinator Duf. (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Comm. Agr. Appl. Biol. Sci. 68 (4 Pt A): 291-297.
• Burmester, T. 2001. Molecular evolution of the arthropod hemocyanin superfamily. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18 (2): 184-195.
• Cervera, A., Maymo, AC., Martinez-Pardo, R., Garcera, MD. 2006. Vitellogenin polypeptide levels in one susceptible and one cadmium-resistant strain of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and its role in cadmium resistance. J. Insect Physiol. 52: 158-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.10.001
• Chinni, S., Yallapragada, PR. 2002. Energy levels of Panaeus inducus postlarvac on exposure to lead. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 52: 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2002.2171
• Chouhan, S., Verma, S.C., Thakur. M. 2017. Effect of cadmium on biology of tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol,16(3): 883-888.
• Crawford, LA., Hodkinson, ID., Lepp, NW. 1995. Effect of elevorted host-plant copper and cadmium on the performance of the aphid Aphis fabae (Homoptera; Aphididae). J. Appl. Ecol., 32: 528-535. Doi: 10.2307/2404650
• Emre, İ. 1988. Meridik bir besinin Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) ergin dişilerinin yumurta verimine etkisi. Doğa Tu. Biyol., 12(2): 101-105.
• Florea, AM., Büsselberg, D. 2006 . Occurrence, use and potential toxic effects of metals and metal compounds. Biometals, 19: 419-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-005-4451-x
• Gregory. JL. 1997. The effect of cadmium on cytosolic free calcium,protein kinase and collagen synthesis in rat osteosarcoma (Ros 17/2.8). cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 143: 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.1996.8060
• Gupta, V. 2013. Mammalian feces as bio-indicator of heavy metal contamination in Bikaner Zoological Garden, Rajasthan, India. Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci., 1(5): 10-15.
• Ilijin, L., Peric-Mataruga, V., Radojicic, R., Lazarcvic, J., Nenadovic, V., Vlahovic, M., Mrdakoviç, M. 2010. Effect of cadmium on protocerebral neurosecretory neurons and fitness components in Lymantria dispar L. Folia Biologica (Krakow) 58: 91-99. https://doi.org/10.3409/fb58_1-2.91-99
• Ivanovic, J., Jankovic-Hladni, M. 1991. Hormones and metabolism in insect stress. CRC Press. Boca Raton. Hensbergen, PJ., Van Velzen-Martin, JM., Nugroho, RA., Donker, MH.,.Van Straalen, NM. 2000. Metallothioneinbound cadmium in the gut of the insect Orchesella cincta (Collembola) in relation to dietary cadmium exposure. Comp. Biochem. and Physiol. Part C, 125: 17-24. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0742-8413(99)00087-0
• Jannsen, MPM., Joosse, ENG., Van Straalen, NM. 1990. Seasonal variation in concentration of cadmium in litter arthropods from a metal contaminated Site. Pedobiologia, 34 (4), 257-267.
• Jensen, A., Bro-Rasmussen, F. 1992. Environmental cadmium in Europe. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 125: 101-81. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2890-5_3
• Kazimirova, M., Ortel, J. 2000. Metal accumulation by Ceratitis capitata (Diptera) and transfer to the parasitic Wasp Coptera occidentalis (Hymenoptera). Environ. Toxicol. and Chem. 19(7): 1822-1829. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620190716
• Lin, RH., Wu, LJ., Lee, CH., Lin-Shiau, SY. 1993. Cytogenetic toxicity of uranyl nitrate chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat. Res. 319: 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165- 1218(93)90079-S
• Linde, A. R., Arribas, P., Sanchez-Galan, S., Garcia-Vazquez, F. 1996. Eel (Anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (Salma trutta) target species to assess the biological impact of trace metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31: 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212668
• Lijun, L., Xucmcia, L., Yaping, G., Enbo, M. 2005. Activity of enyzmes of the antioxidative system in cadmium-treated Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidae) .Environ. toxicol. Pharmacol. 20: 412-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2005.04.001 Mclaughlin, MJ., Parker, DR., Clarke, JM. 1999. Metals and micronutrients-food safety issues. Field Crops Res. 60: 143- 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00137-3
• Mclaughlin, MJ., Tiller, KG., Naidu, R., Stevens, DG.,1996. Review: The behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers. Aust. J. Soil. Res. 34: 1-54. https:// doi.org/10.1071/SR9960001
• McMurray, CT., Tainer, JA. 2003.Cancer,cadmium and genome integrity.Nat. Genet 34: 239-241. https://doi.org/10.1038/ ng0703-239
• Migula, P. 1989. Combined and separate effects of cadmium, lead and zinc on respiratory metabolism during the last larval stage of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Biologia (Bratislava), 44 (6): 513-521.
• Migula, P., Kedziorsky, A., Makoneczny, M., Kafel, A. 1989. Combined and separate effects of heavy metals on energy budget and metal balances in Acheta domesticus. Uttar Pradesh. J. Zool. 9(2): 140-149.
• Mikhalilova, MV., Littlefield, NA., Hass, BS., Poirier, LA., Chou, MW. 1997.Cadmium-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation,DNA strand breaks and antioxidant enzyme activities in lymphoblastoid cells. Cancer Lett., 115: 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(97)04720-4
• Moura, G., Vilarinho, L., Machado, J. 2000. The action of Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb on fluid composition of Anodonta cygnea (L.): Organic Components. Com. Biochem. and Physiol. Part B, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(00)00241-8
• Mokdad, R., Debec, A., Wegnez, M. 1987. Metallothionein genes in Drosophila melanogaster constitute a dual system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 2658-2662. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.84.9.2658
• Nordenson, I., Nordstom, S., Sweins, A., Beckman, L. 1982. Chromosomal aberrations in lead-exposed Workers. Hereditas, 96: 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1982. tb00857.x
• Ooik, VT., Rantala, MJ., Saloniemi, I. 2007. Diet-mediated effects of heavy metal pollution on growth and immune response in the geometrid month Epirrita autumnata. Environ. Pollut., 145: 348-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. envpol.2006.03.008
• Ortel, J. 1989. Effects of lead and cadmium on oxygen consumption and life expectancy of the pupal parasitoid Pimpla turionellae. Entomol. Exp. Apll. 52(1): 83-88. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb01251.x
• Ortel, J. 1991. Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae., Entomol. Exp. Apll. 59(1): 93-100. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01491.x
• Ortel, J. 1995a. Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages of Galleria mellonella and metal transfer to the pupal parasitoid Pimpla turionellae. Entomol. Exp. Apll. 77(1): 89-97. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1995.tb01989.x
• Pandey, R., Dwidevi, MK., Singh, P.K., Patel, B., Pandey, S., Patel, B., Patel, A., Singh, B. 2016. Effluences of heavy metals,way of exposure and bio-toxic impacts: an update. J. Chem. & Cheml. Sci, 6(5): 458-475.
• Pascoe, D., Williams, KA., Green, DWJ. 1989. Choronic toxicity of cadmium to Chironomus riparius meigen-effects upon larval development and adult emergence. Hydrobiologia 175: 109- 115. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00765121
• Planello, R., Martinez-Guitarte, JL., Morcillo, G. 2010. Effect of acute exposure to cadmium on the expression of heat-shock and hormone – nuclear receptor genes in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. Sci. Total Environ. 408: 1598-1603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.004
• Sharma, GP., Sopti, RC., Chaudiry, A., Ahluwalia, KK. 1988. Genotoxicity of two heavy metal compounds-lead acetate mercuric chloride in the Mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Culicidae: Diptera).Cytologia. 53(2): 263-267. https://doi. org/10.1508/cytologia.53.263
• Sokal, RR., Rohlf, JF. 1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company. San Fransisco, pp 776. Suganya, M., Karrthi, S., Shivakumar, MS. 2016. Effect of Cd and lead exposure on tissue spesific antioxidant response in spodoptera litura. Free Radicals & Antioxidants, 6(1): 90-100. Doi: 10.5530/fra.2016.1.11
• Telang, A., Buck, NA., Wheeler, DE. 2002. Response of storage protein levels to variation in dietary protein levels. J. Insect Physiol. 48(11): 1021-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022- 1910(02)00190-7
• Timmermans, KR., Peeters, W., Tonkes, M. 1992. Cadmium, zinc, lead and copper in Chironomus riparius (Meigen) larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae): uptake and effects. Hydrobiologia, 241: 119-134. Doi:10.1007/BF00008264
• Türkan, İ. 1995. Comparison of moss and bark samples as biomonitors of heavy metals in a highly industrialised area in İzmir, Turkey. Sci. Total Environ. 166: 61-67. https://doi. org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04518-6
• Uysal, H., Bahçeci, Z. 1996. Kurşun nitrat’ın Drosphila melanogaster’in üçüncü instar larvalarının tükrük bezi politen kromozomları üzerine etkileri. Tr. J. of Biology, 20: 199-205.
• Vuori, KM., Kukkonen, J. 1996. Metal concentrations in Hydropsyche pellucidula larvae (Trichoptera, Hydropstchidae) in relation to the anal papillae abnormalities and age of exocuticle. Wat. Res. 30(10): 2265-2272. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043- 1354(96)00109-1
• Wada, K., Fujinuki, T. 1976. Biomineralization in bivalvae molluscs with emphasis on the chemical composition of the extrapallial fluid. In: watabe, N., Wilbur, K. M. (Eds.), The mechanisms of mineralization in the invertebrates and plants. The University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, 175-190.
• Winder, C., Bonin, T. 1993. Genotoxicity of lead. Mut. Res. 285(1): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(93)90059-O
• Yazgan, Ş. 1981. A Meridic diet and quantitive effect of tween 80, fatty acid mixtures and inorganic salts on development and survival of the endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. Z ang Ent. 91(15): 433-441. ttps://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1981. tb04501.x