Research Article
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Nafyon-Grafenle Modifiye Edilmiş Camsı Karbon Elektrot ile Pendimethalinin Voltametrik Tayini

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 98 - 107, 15.12.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, pendimethalinin voltametrik davranışı camsı karbon elektrot (GCE) ve nafyon-grafenle ile modifiye edilmiş camsı
karbon elektrot (n-GR/GCE) ile incelenmiştir. Pendimethalinin elektrokimyasal karakterizasyonu dönüşümlü voltametri (CV)
yöntemi ile belirlenerek, GCE ile yapılan tayin çalışmalarında diferansiyel puls voltametrisi (DPV), n-GR/GCE ile yapılan tayin
çalışmalarında diferansiyel puls adsorptive sıyırma voltametrisi (DPAdSV) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle her iki elektrot için
optimum deney şartları belirlenerek, kalibrasyon grafiği oluşturulmuş ve doğrusal çalışma aralığı belirlenmiştir. Pendimethalinin 1.pik
akımı için GCE’la DPV yöntemiyle oluşturulan kalibrasyon grafiğinin çalışma aralığı 1,56×10-6-1,08×10-3M ve gözlenebilme sınırı
(LOD) değeri 3,09×10-5 M olarak bulunmuştur. Pendimethalinin 2.pik akımı için GCE’la DPV yöntemiyle oluşturulan kalibrasyon
grafiğinin çalışma aralığı 1,56×10-6-9,73×10-4M ve LOD değeri 3,36×10-6 M olarak bulunmuştur. Pendimethalinin 1.pik akımı için
n-GR/GCE’la DPAdSV yöntemiyle oluşturulan kalibrasyon grafiğinin çalışma aralığı 1,76×10-6-4,01×10-4M ve gözlenebilme sınırı
(LOD) değeri 8,69×10-6M olarak bulunmuştur. Pendimethalinin 2.pik akımı için n-GR/CKE’la DPAdS

References

  • Bordin, A. B.,Minetto, L., do Nascimento Filho, I., Beal, L. L., Moura, S. 2017. Determination of pesticide residues in whole wheat flourusing modified QuEChER Sand LC–MS/MS. Food Anal. Methods, 10:1-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12161-016-0542-2
  • de Lima, C. A., Santana, E. R., Piovesan, J. V., Spinelli, A.2016. Silver nanoparticle-modified electrode for the determination of nitro compound-containing pesticides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 408:2595-2606. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00216-016-9367-5
  • Fan, Y.,Liu, J. H., Lu, H. T., Zhang, Q.2011. Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2–grapheme modified glassy carbon electrode. Colloid Surface B, 85: 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.041
  • Filik, H., Çetintaş, G., Koç, S. N., Gülce, H., Boz, İ. 2014. Nafion-graphene composite film modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of p-aminophenol. Russ. J. Electrochem., 50:243-252. https://doi.org/ 10.1134/S1023193514030069
  • Galli, A.,Caetano, J., Homem-de-Mello, P., da Silva, A. B. F., Ferreira, A. G., de Almeida, S. V., Machado, S. A. S., 2018. A mechanistic study of the electrochemical behavior of pendimethalin herbicide. J. Electroanal. Chem., 826:157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.08.038
  • Galli, A., De Souza, D., Machado, S. A., 2011. Pendimethalin determination in natural water, baby food and river sediment samples using electroanalytical methods. Microchem J., 98(1):135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.12.009
  • Gerent, G. G., Gonçalves, C. Q., da Silva, P. S., Spinelli, A. 2015. In situ bismuth-film electrode for square-wave cathodic voltammetric detection of pendimethalin at nanomolar level. Electrochim. Acta, 168:379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.207
  • Koçak, B., Er, E., Çelikkan, H. 2015.Stripping voltammetric analysis of dicofol on graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. Ionics, 21:2337-2344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1407-1
  • Kotouček, M., Opravilová, M. 1996. Voltammetric behaviour of some nitropesticides at the mercury drop electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 329:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(96)00133-X
  • Laviron, E., Roullier, L., Degrand, C.1980. A multilayer model for the study of space distributed redox modified electrodes: Part II. Theory and application of linear potential sweep voltammetry for a simple reaction. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interf. Electrochem., 112:11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(80)80003-9
  • Li, J., Guo, S., Zhai, Y., Wang, E. 2009. High-sensitivity determination of lead and cadmium based on the Nafion-graphene composite film. Anal. Chim. Acta, 649:196-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.030
  • Lim, H. H., Park, T. J., Lee, S. H., Shin, H. S. 2017. Sensitive determination of pendimethalin and dinoseb in environmental water by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Sci. Technol. , 30:194-204. https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2017.30.4.194.
  • Neto, A. C.,Guinea, F., Peres, N. M., Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K. 2009. The electronic properties of graphene. Reviews of modern physics, 81:109. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
  • Ni, Y.,Wang, L., Kokot, S.2011. Simultaneous determination of three herbicides by differential pulse voltammetry and chemometrics. J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 46:328-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.559888.
  • Novoselov, K. S.,Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S. V., Firsov, A. A.2004 . Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Sci., 306: 666-669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
  • Pavlidis, G.,Karasali, H., Tsihrintzis, V. A. 2019. Development and validation of a simple and efficient method for the determination of pendimethalin and its metabolite M455H001 in soil by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal. Lett.,52:685-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1486849
  • Penetra, A., Vale Cardoso, V., Ferreira, E., Benoliel, M. J. 2010. Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of several pesticides in water. Water Sci. Technol., 62:667-675. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.915
  • Pumera, M., Ambrosi, A., Bonanni, A., Chng, E. L. K., Poh, H. L.2010. Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing. Trends Analyt Chem., 29:954-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2010.05.011
  • Pushpalatha, M., Balaji, K., Kumar, P. C. R., Sridevi, C., Reddy, C. S.2011. Electroanalysis of Pendimethalin. Int.J.Anal.Chem. 2(10), 1231-1234
  • Saha, A., TP, A. S., Banerjee, K., Hingmire, S., Bhaduri, D., Jain, N. K., Utture, S.2015. Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC–MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.). J Food Sci Tech., 52:4001-4014. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13197-014-1473-9
  • Saha, A.,Bhaduri, D., Pipariya, A., Jain, N. K., Basak, B. B. 2015. Behaviour of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in peanut field soil: effects on soil biological and biochemical activities. Chem ecol., 31:550-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2015.1039526
  • Shah, J., Jan, M. R., Ara, B. 2011. Quantification of pendimethalin in soil and garlic samples by microwave-assisted solvent extraction and HPLC method. Environ. Monit. Assess., 175:103-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1496-2
  • Sreedhar, M.,Damodar, J., Jyothi, N. V. V., Reddy, S. R. J. 2000. Polarographic behavior and determination of pendimethalin in formulations, and environmental samples. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 73:2477-2480. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.73.2477
  • Sun, T.,Wang, L., Li, N., Gan, X. 2011. Label-free electro chemical aptasensor for thrombin detection based on the nafion@ graphene as platform. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., 34:1081-1085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-011-0558-3.
  • Tabanlıgil Calam, T., 2019. Analytical application of the poly (1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thiol) modified gold electrode for high-sensitive voltammetric determination of catechol in tap and lake water samples. Chemistry is “Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 99:1298-1312. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1619716.
  • Tajeu, K. Y., Dongmo, L. M., and Tonle, I. K. 2020. Fullerene/MWCNT / Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Caffeine. Am. J. Chem., 11(2), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2020.112009
  • Wu, X.,Xu, J., Dong, F., Liu, X., Zheng, Y. 2013. Simultaneous determination of metolachlor, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in bulb vegetables using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods, 5:6389-6394. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41332B
  • Xue, R., Kang, T. F., Lu, L. P., Cheng, S. Y. 2013. Electrochemical sensor based on the graphene-nafion matrix for sensitive edetermination of organophosphorus pesticides. Anal. Lett., 46(1), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.706852
  • Yang, Q., Ai, X., Li, S., Liu, H., Liu, Y. 2019. Determination of pendimethalin in water, sediment and Procambarus clarkia by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Environ. Monit. Assess., 191:621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-779-4
  • Yang, Q., Liu, H., Zou, P., Qi, M., Liu, Y., Ai, X. 2018. Determination of pendimethalin residues in Procambarus clarkii by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Se pu= Chin. J. Chromatogr., 36:552-556. https://doi.org/ 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2018.01008
  • Zhang, T., Qu, Z., Li, B., Yang, Z. 2019. Simultaneous Determination of Atrazine, Pendimethalin, and Trifluralin in Fish Samples by QuEChERS Extraction Coupled With Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection. "Food Anal. Methods, 12:1179-1186. 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01449-z
  • Zimdahl, R. L.,Catizone, P., Butcher, A. C. 1984. Degradation of pendimethalin in soil. Weed Sci., 32:408-412. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4043955

Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 98 - 107, 15.12.2021

Abstract

In this study, the voltammetric behavior of pendimethalin was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a nafion-graphene
modified glassy carbon electrode (n-GR/GCE). The electrochemical characterization of pendimethalin was carried out using cyclic
voltammetry (CV) technique. For the determination studies performed with GCE, the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique
was employed, while the differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) method was used for the determination
studies with n-GR/GCE. First of all, optimal experimental conditions were established for both electrodes, a calibration curve was
plotted and linear working ranges were identified. For the 1st peak current of pendimethalin, the working range of the calibration
curve drawn by DPV technique with GCE was 1.56×10-6-1.08×10-3 M with the limit of detection (LOD) value calculated as 3.09×10-5
M. For the 2nd peak current of pendimethalin, the working range of the calibration curve created by DPV technique with GCE was
1.56×10-6-9.73×10-4 M and the LOD value was found to be 3.36×10-6 M. For the 1st peak current of pendimethalin, the working range
of the calibration curve constructed by DPAdSV technique with n-GR/GCE was determined to be 1.76×10-6-4.01×10-4 M with the
LOD value being 8.69×10-6 M. For the 2nd peak current of pendimethalin, the working range of the calibration curve obtained by
DPAdSV technique with n-GR/GCE was 1.96×10-9-7.53×10-4 M with the LOD value calculated as 1.05×10-9 M.

References

  • Bordin, A. B.,Minetto, L., do Nascimento Filho, I., Beal, L. L., Moura, S. 2017. Determination of pesticide residues in whole wheat flourusing modified QuEChER Sand LC–MS/MS. Food Anal. Methods, 10:1-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12161-016-0542-2
  • de Lima, C. A., Santana, E. R., Piovesan, J. V., Spinelli, A.2016. Silver nanoparticle-modified electrode for the determination of nitro compound-containing pesticides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 408:2595-2606. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00216-016-9367-5
  • Fan, Y.,Liu, J. H., Lu, H. T., Zhang, Q.2011. Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of paracetamol on Nafion/TiO2–grapheme modified glassy carbon electrode. Colloid Surface B, 85: 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.02.041
  • Filik, H., Çetintaş, G., Koç, S. N., Gülce, H., Boz, İ. 2014. Nafion-graphene composite film modified glassy carbon electrode for voltammetric determination of p-aminophenol. Russ. J. Electrochem., 50:243-252. https://doi.org/ 10.1134/S1023193514030069
  • Galli, A.,Caetano, J., Homem-de-Mello, P., da Silva, A. B. F., Ferreira, A. G., de Almeida, S. V., Machado, S. A. S., 2018. A mechanistic study of the electrochemical behavior of pendimethalin herbicide. J. Electroanal. Chem., 826:157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.08.038
  • Galli, A., De Souza, D., Machado, S. A., 2011. Pendimethalin determination in natural water, baby food and river sediment samples using electroanalytical methods. Microchem J., 98(1):135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2010.12.009
  • Gerent, G. G., Gonçalves, C. Q., da Silva, P. S., Spinelli, A. 2015. In situ bismuth-film electrode for square-wave cathodic voltammetric detection of pendimethalin at nanomolar level. Electrochim. Acta, 168:379-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.207
  • Koçak, B., Er, E., Çelikkan, H. 2015.Stripping voltammetric analysis of dicofol on graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. Ionics, 21:2337-2344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-015-1407-1
  • Kotouček, M., Opravilová, M. 1996. Voltammetric behaviour of some nitropesticides at the mercury drop electrode. Anal. Chim. Acta, 329:73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(96)00133-X
  • Laviron, E., Roullier, L., Degrand, C.1980. A multilayer model for the study of space distributed redox modified electrodes: Part II. Theory and application of linear potential sweep voltammetry for a simple reaction. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interf. Electrochem., 112:11-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(80)80003-9
  • Li, J., Guo, S., Zhai, Y., Wang, E. 2009. High-sensitivity determination of lead and cadmium based on the Nafion-graphene composite film. Anal. Chim. Acta, 649:196-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.030
  • Lim, H. H., Park, T. J., Lee, S. H., Shin, H. S. 2017. Sensitive determination of pendimethalin and dinoseb in environmental water by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Sci. Technol. , 30:194-204. https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2017.30.4.194.
  • Neto, A. C.,Guinea, F., Peres, N. M., Novoselov, K. S., Geim, A. K. 2009. The electronic properties of graphene. Reviews of modern physics, 81:109. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109
  • Ni, Y.,Wang, L., Kokot, S.2011. Simultaneous determination of three herbicides by differential pulse voltammetry and chemometrics. J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 46:328-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2011.559888.
  • Novoselov, K. S.,Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Jiang, D., Zhang, Y., Dubonos, S. V., Firsov, A. A.2004 . Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Sci., 306: 666-669. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102896
  • Pavlidis, G.,Karasali, H., Tsihrintzis, V. A. 2019. Development and validation of a simple and efficient method for the determination of pendimethalin and its metabolite M455H001 in soil by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal. Lett.,52:685-696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2018.1486849
  • Penetra, A., Vale Cardoso, V., Ferreira, E., Benoliel, M. J. 2010. Solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of several pesticides in water. Water Sci. Technol., 62:667-675. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.915
  • Pumera, M., Ambrosi, A., Bonanni, A., Chng, E. L. K., Poh, H. L.2010. Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing. Trends Analyt Chem., 29:954-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2010.05.011
  • Pushpalatha, M., Balaji, K., Kumar, P. C. R., Sridevi, C., Reddy, C. S.2011. Electroanalysis of Pendimethalin. Int.J.Anal.Chem. 2(10), 1231-1234
  • Saha, A., TP, A. S., Banerjee, K., Hingmire, S., Bhaduri, D., Jain, N. K., Utture, S.2015. Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC–MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.). J Food Sci Tech., 52:4001-4014. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13197-014-1473-9
  • Saha, A.,Bhaduri, D., Pipariya, A., Jain, N. K., Basak, B. B. 2015. Behaviour of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in peanut field soil: effects on soil biological and biochemical activities. Chem ecol., 31:550-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2015.1039526
  • Shah, J., Jan, M. R., Ara, B. 2011. Quantification of pendimethalin in soil and garlic samples by microwave-assisted solvent extraction and HPLC method. Environ. Monit. Assess., 175:103-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1496-2
  • Sreedhar, M.,Damodar, J., Jyothi, N. V. V., Reddy, S. R. J. 2000. Polarographic behavior and determination of pendimethalin in formulations, and environmental samples. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 73:2477-2480. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.73.2477
  • Sun, T.,Wang, L., Li, N., Gan, X. 2011. Label-free electro chemical aptasensor for thrombin detection based on the nafion@ graphene as platform. Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng., 34:1081-1085. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-011-0558-3.
  • Tabanlıgil Calam, T., 2019. Analytical application of the poly (1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thiol) modified gold electrode for high-sensitive voltammetric determination of catechol in tap and lake water samples. Chemistry is “Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 99:1298-1312. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1619716.
  • Tajeu, K. Y., Dongmo, L. M., and Tonle, I. K. 2020. Fullerene/MWCNT / Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Electrochemical Determination of Caffeine. Am. J. Chem., 11(2), 114-127. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2020.112009
  • Wu, X.,Xu, J., Dong, F., Liu, X., Zheng, Y. 2013. Simultaneous determination of metolachlor, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in bulb vegetables using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods, 5:6389-6394. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41332B
  • Xue, R., Kang, T. F., Lu, L. P., Cheng, S. Y. 2013. Electrochemical sensor based on the graphene-nafion matrix for sensitive edetermination of organophosphorus pesticides. Anal. Lett., 46(1), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.706852
  • Yang, Q., Ai, X., Li, S., Liu, H., Liu, Y. 2019. Determination of pendimethalin in water, sediment and Procambarus clarkia by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Environ. Monit. Assess., 191:621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-779-4
  • Yang, Q., Liu, H., Zou, P., Qi, M., Liu, Y., Ai, X. 2018. Determination of pendimethalin residues in Procambarus clarkii by high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Se pu= Chin. J. Chromatogr., 36:552-556. https://doi.org/ 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2018.01008
  • Zhang, T., Qu, Z., Li, B., Yang, Z. 2019. Simultaneous Determination of Atrazine, Pendimethalin, and Trifluralin in Fish Samples by QuEChERS Extraction Coupled With Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection. "Food Anal. Methods, 12:1179-1186. 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01449-z
  • Zimdahl, R. L.,Catizone, P., Butcher, A. C. 1984. Degradation of pendimethalin in soil. Weed Sci., 32:408-412. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4043955
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Berna Koçak 0000-0002-2398-1492

Hüseyin Çelikkan 0000-0002-8016-3082

Publication Date December 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koçak, B., & Çelikkan, H. (2021). Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 11(2), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084
AMA Koçak B, Çelikkan H. Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. December 2021;11(2):98-107. doi:10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084
Chicago Koçak, Berna, and Hüseyin Çelikkan. “Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin With Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 11, no. 2 (December 2021): 98-107. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084.
EndNote Koçak B, Çelikkan H (December 1, 2021) Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 11 2 98–107.
IEEE B. Koçak and H. Çelikkan, “Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode”, Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 98–107, 2021, doi: 10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084.
ISNAD Koçak, Berna - Çelikkan, Hüseyin. “Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin With Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 11/2 (December 2021), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084.
JAMA Koçak B, Çelikkan H. Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2021;11:98–107.
MLA Koçak, Berna and Hüseyin Çelikkan. “Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin With Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode”. Karaelmas Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2021, pp. 98-107, doi:10.7212/karaelmasfen.825084.
Vancouver Koçak B, Çelikkan H. Voltammetric Determination of Pendimethalin with Nafion-Graphene Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2021;11(2):98-107.