Design and Optimization of a Microgrid Based on Hybrid Energy Systems: A Case Study in Zonguldak-Elvanpazarcık

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 83 - 96, 21.07.2025

Nihat Pamuk

Abstract

In this study, a model structure for distributed generation systems (micro grid) where wind and solar energy are used as a hybrid system for rural areas within the borders of Zonguldak Province is designed. This model aims to popularize the use of renewable energy sources, ensure sustainability in energy production and increase energy diversity. This approach is considered an important step in both meeting regional energy needs and reducing environmental impacts. In this study, it is aimed to design a microgrid system that can meet the electrical energy needs of 20 households in Elvanpazarcık town of Zonguldak province using HOMER Pro software. The climate data and energy load requirements of the region were analyzed and the equipment to be used in the system was determined with these data. Using the HOMER Pro program, economic cost analyses of the selected equipment were performed and the configuration model of the optimum hybrid energy system in which renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy were integrated was created. This model aims to meet the energy needs of the region in a sustainable and economical way. As a result of the optimization studies, it was determined that the most suitable system is a hybrid structure consisting of a wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) panel and diesel generator. This system includes 13 wind turbines, 123 kW solar panels, 88 kW diesel generators, 116 kW battery banks and 81.1 kW inverters. The initial capital of the system is $475.210, Net Present Cost (NPC) is $600.673, Cost of Energy (COE) is 0.283 $/kWh and annual operating costs are $10.834. In addition, it was determined that 99.8% of the total energy production of the system was provided by renewable energy sources. These results show that the system offers a viable solution in terms of both environmental sustainability and economic aspects.

Keywords

Economic feasibility analysis , energy management , hybrid power systems , HOMER Pro software , micro-grid

Hibrit Enerji Sistemlerine Dayalı Mikro-Şebeke Tasarımı ve Optimizasyonu: Zonguldak-Elvanpazarcık Uygulaması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Zonguldak İli sınırları içerisinde yer alan kırsal bölgeler için rüzgâr ve güneş enerjilerinin hibrit bir sistem olarak kullanıldığı dağıtık üretim tesislerine (mikro şebeke) yönelik bir model yapısı tasarlanmıştır. Bu model ile yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması, enerji üretiminde sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması ve enerji çeşitliliğinin artırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım hem bölgesel enerji ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması hem de çevresel etkilerin azaltılması açısından önemli bir adım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, HOMER Pro yazılımı kullanılarak Zonguldak ili Merkez ilçesine bağlı Elvanpazarcık beldesinde, 20 adet hanenin elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek bir mikro-şebeke sisteminin tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bölgenin iklim verileri ve enerji yük ihtiyacı analiz edilerek, sistemde kullanılacak ekipmanlar bu veriler doğrultusunda belirlenmiştir. HOMER Pro programı aracılığıyla, seçilen ekipmanların ekonomik maliyet analizleri yapılmış ve rüzgâr-güneş enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakların entegre edildiği optimum hibrit enerji sisteminin konfigürasyon modeli oluşturulmuştur. Bu model, bölgenin enerji ihtiyacını sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik bir şekilde karşılamayı amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan optimizasyon çalışmaları sonucunda, en uygun sistemin rüzgâr türbini, fotovoltaik (PV) panel ve dizel jeneratörden oluşan hibrit bir yapı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sistemde; 13 adet rüzgâr türbini, 123 kW gücünde güneş paneli, 88 kW gücünde dizel jeneratör, 116 kW kapasiteli batarya bankası ve 81.1 kW gücünde inverter kullanılmıştır. Sistemin başlangıç sermayesi 475.210 bin $, Net Şimdiki Maliyeti (NPC) 600.673 bin $, Enerji Maliyeti (COE) 0.283 $/kWh ve yıllık işletme maliyeti ise 10.834 bin $ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, sistemin toplam enerji üretiminin %99.8’inin yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları tarafından karşılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, sistemin hem çevresel sürdürülebilirlik hem de ekonomik açıdan uygun bir çözüm sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Ekonomik fizibilite analizi , enerji yönetimi , hibrit güç sistemleri , HOMER Pro yazalımı , mikro-şebeke

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