PUBLICATION GUIDELINES
1. Originality: Articles submitted for evaluation to the Karadeniz Journal of Economic Research must not have been previously published, accepted for publication, or submitted to another journal for publication.
2. Submission and Format: Articles should be submitted via Dergipark in MS Office Word format (.docx). All stages of the article process are conducted through the online journal system, which you can access with your username and password.
3. Author Information: During submission, author names, titles, ORCID numbers, institutional affiliations, and email addresses must be entered into the system. As the journal employs a double-blind peer review system, no author information should be included in the manuscript file.
4. Preliminary Check: Articles are checked using the iThenticate similarity software and reviewed by the editorial board. Manuscripts that do not adhere to language and spelling rules or to the formal and procedural requirements are rejected.
5. Peer Review Process: Articles deemed suitable are evaluated by two reviewers who are experts in the relevant field. If one reviewer’s opinion is positive and the other's is negative, the article is sent to a third reviewer; articles require two positive reviews to be accepted for publication.
6. Publication Process: The journal is published online, and the evaluation period for articles is approximately two months. When an article is accepted, the corresponding author is notified. Upon request, an acceptance letter signed by the editor can be provided to the author(s) after positive peer review reports have been received. Each accepted article is assigned a DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
7.License to Publish: Upon acceptance of the manuscript, the corresponding author must complete and submit the License to Publish agreement to iibf@ktu.edu.tr. Where deemed necessary by the Editor, the agreement may be requested to be signed by all authors. Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal a non-exclusive license to publish and distribute the article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.
8. Responsibility: The opinions expressed in the articles are those of the authors.
9. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technologies

Authors who use Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot, Claude, or similar tools) during the preparation of their manuscripts must disclose such use appropriately in the manuscript.

AI-assisted technologies may be used only to improve language, grammar, readability, or formatting under appropriate human supervision.

AI tools must not be used to:

• generate or fabricate research data;
• manipulate research findings;
• create fictitious references or citations;
• produce misleading figures, tables, or images; or
• replace the scientific judgment and responsibility of the authors.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, or originality of the work. The authors remain fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts.

10. Copyright: Authors retain copyright of their published articles. The Journal is granted a non-exclusive License to Publish and distribute the work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.
11. Contact: For questions, please contact iibf@ktu.edu.tr 
 

WRITING GUIDELINES
1. Title:
The article title (in Turkish and English) should be centered, bold, in 12-point font, and in title case in the language of the article.
2. Abstract and Keywords:
• The abstract in both Turkish and English should be a maximum of 200 words, in 9-point font, title case, and single-spaced. 
• Abstracts should include information about the aim, method, and results. 
• Up to five keywords and JEL codes should be given below each abstract.
3. Font and Length:
• Articles should be prepared using Calibri font.
• The abstract should be in 9-point font and single-spaced.
• The main text should be in 11-point font, with 1.5 line spacing.
• Including appendices and references, the total length should not exceed 20 pages.
4. Page Layout:
All pages should be in A4 size with 2.5 cm margins (top, bottom, left, right).
5. Headings:
Section headings should be numbered as 1., 1.1., 1.1.2., etc.
6. Paragraphs and Spacing:
All text and headings should be left-aligned, with a 6 pt space between paragraphs.
7. Tables and Figures:
Tables and figures should be numbered and titled. Titles should be centered, in 10-point font, with the first letter of each word capitalized (the rest lowercase). Sources for non-original tables and figures should be indicated immediately below, left-aligned.
8. Equations:
Equations should be centered on the page, with the equation number in parentheses right-aligned on the same line.
9. Citation System:
In-text citations should be in the format (Author Surname, Year: Page). For sources with three or more authors, use (First Author Surname et al., Year: Page).
10. References:
All sources cited in the text must be listed in the references section, arranged alphabetically and in accordance with APA 7 guidelines. Journal names and book titles should be italicized. For APA 7 reference examples: https://www.citefast.com/styleguide.php?style=APA7&sec=Webpage 
Note:
• Typesetting and final formatting will be carried out by the editorial board of the journal.
• Authors only need to follow the basic template and reference standards.
 

Reference Examples
 

Article

Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2005). Preferences for redistribution in the land of opportunities. Journal of Public Economics, 89(5–6), 897–931.

Krugman, P., & Venables, A. J. (1995). Globalization and the inequality of nations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(4), 857–880.

Piketty, T. (2015). About Capital in the Twenty-First Century. American Economic Review, 105(5), 48–53.

Raza, S. A., Shahbaz, M., & Paramati, S. R. (2017). Dynamics of military expenditure and income inequality in Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 131(3), 1035–1055.

Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165.
 

Book

Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2006). Economic origins of dictatorship and democracy. Cambridge University Press.

Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2013). Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. Crown.

Kazgan, G. (1992). İktisadi düşünce veya politik iktisadın evrimi. Remzi Kitabevi.

Palley, T. I. (2012). From financial crisis to stagnation: The destruction of shared prosperity and the role of economics. Cambridge University Press.

Romer, D. (1996). Advanced macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill.

Internet Sources

Carkovic, M., & Levine, R. (2002). Does foreign direct investment accelerate growth? http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFR/Resources/fdi.pdf

Raza, S. A., & Shahbaz, M. (2014). To battle income inequality, focus on military expenditures: Lesson from Pakistan. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57773/

Sen, S. (2018). Investment decisions under uncertainty. http://www.levyinstitute.org/publications/investment-decisions-under-uncertainty 

Edited Book Chapters

Herrmann, R. K., & Finkle, F. (2002). Linking theory to evidence in international relations. In W. Carlsnaes, T. Risse, & B. A. Simmons (Eds.), Handbook of international relations (pp. 119–136). Sage.

Kuemmerle, W. (2006). Innovation in large firms. In M. Casson, B. Yeung, A. Basu, & N. Wadeson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of entrepreneurship (pp. 311–331). Oxford University Press.

Oktar, S., & Eroğlu, N. (2015). Petrolün ilk küresel krizi: 1973 krizi. In N. Eroğlu, İ. Eroğlu, & H. İ. Aydın (Eds.), İktisadi krizler ve Türkiye ekonomisi (pp. 177–190). Orion Kitabevi.

Translated Books

Stiglitz, J. E. (2016). Eşitsizliğin bedeli: Bugünün bölünmüş toplumu geleceğimizi nasıl tehlikeye atıyor? (O. İşler, Çev.). İletişim Yayınları. (Orijinal eser 2012 yılında yayımlanmıştır.)

Theses

Üzar, U. (2014). Türkiye'de finansallaşma ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.