Review
BibTex RIS Cite

ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMAR OLAYLARINDA ANATOMİK BEBEKLERİN KULLANIMI

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 176 - 190, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70819/kares.1803812

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın konusu anatomik bebeklerdir. Anatomik bebeklerin de içinde yer aldığı ‘sözsüz destekli yöntemler’, çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismar olayının ayrıntıları hakkında bilgi toplamak amacıyla çocuk tanıklarla yapılan görüşmelerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Sadece sözlü iletişime güvenmekle karşılaştırıldığında anatomik bebeklerin; çocukların olayları hatırlama ve tanımlama becerilerini arttırdığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada, bebeklerin görüşmelerde nasıl kullanılması gerektiği, bebeklerin fiziksel özellikleri, görüşmelerde sorulacak soruların niteliği, bebeklere yönelik etik tartışmalardan hareketle anatomik bebeklerin çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismar olaylarında ele alınma biçimlerine dair genel bir çerçe-venin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında anatomik bebeklerin çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismar görüşmelerinde kullanılan görüşme tekniklerinden biri olarak ele alındığı ve bebeklerin; kullanım amacı, kullanım biçimleri ve tartışmalı konumu çerçevesinde oldukça sınırlı bir biçimde yer aldığı görülmüştür. Bu açıdan çalışma, anatomik bebeklere dair ayrıntılı bir çalışma özelliği taşımaktadır. Anatomik bebekler bir yandan yararları diğer yandan etik bağlamındaki riskleri ile tartışmalı bir zeminde ele alınmaktadır. Anatomik bebeklerin aşırı müstehcen biçimde cinsel materyal önerebilmesi, çocuklara fantezi telkin etmesi, çocukları gerçekleşmemiş cinsel eylemleri tanımlamaya yönlendirmesi gibi olumsuz eleştiriler olmakla birlikte anatomik bebekler, alandaki yetkin uzmanlarla birlikte cinsel istismar olaylarında suskun kalan çocukların seslerini duyurmaya yönelik tekniklerden birisi olarak umut vaat eden bir araçtır ve iyi eğitimli görüşmecilerin elinde anatomik bebekler görüşme sürecinde oldukça yararlı olabilir.

References

  • Aldridge, N. C. (1998). Strenghts and limitations of forensic child sexual abuse interviews with anatomical dolls: an empirical review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20 (1), 1-41. Erişim adresi https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023084525733. (Erişim tarihi: 23.04.2024).
  • Bağ, Ö. & Bilginer, Ç. (2018). Çocuk izlem merkezlerinde yürütülen sağlık hizmetlerinin gözden geçirilmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 25(1), 83-89. Erişim adresi https://www.cogepderg.com (Erişim tarihi: 11.07.2025).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1988). Research and issues in using anatomical dolls. Annals of Sex Research, 1, 191-204, Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00852797 (Erişim tarihi:05.05.2024).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1989). Anatomical doll play among young children: a follow-up of sexual demonstrations and doll avoiders. 1-15, Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED316336 (Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2024).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1993). Child Victims, Child Witnesses: Understanding and Improving Testimony.
  • Goodman, S.,&Bottoms, B. (Eds).The Use of Anatomical Dolls in Sexual Abuse Evaluations: Current.Research and Practice içinde (47-69), NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Britton, H.L. & O’Keefe, M. A. (1991). Use of nonanatomical dolls in the sexual abuse interview. Child Abuse& Neglect, 15(4), 567-573. Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ 014521349190040K. (Erişim tarihi:03.05.2024).
  • Bühler-Niederberger, D. & Alberth, L. (2023). Struggling for open awareness – Trajectories of violence against children from a sociological perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 145, Erişim adresi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106769. (Erişim tarihi: 26.02.2024).
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (1993). Child Sexual Abuse: Intervention and Treatment Issues. Michigan: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Yayınları.
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (1996). Interviewing children who may have been sexually abused. Interviewing Child Witnessess and Victims of Sexual Abuse içinde (11-20), Michigan: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Yayınları. Erişim adresi https://scholar.google.com.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:08.06.2024).
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (2003). Understanding and Assessing Child Sexual Maltreatment. 2. Edition, California: Sage.
  • Cyr, M., Dion, J., Daignault, I. V., & Cote, E. (2024). How facility dogs impact interviewer’s questions and details provided by children in forensic interviews. iIIRG, 14(1), 1-23. Erişim adresi: https://iiirg.org/wp-content/ uploads/2024/11/IIRP_20240806Cyr_Final.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Dalen Herland, M. (2023). Tacit and embodied narratives of child sexual abuse. Qualitative Social Work, 22(6), 1141-1156. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250221126933 (Erişim tarihi: 26.10.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (1990). Sexualized doll play among young children: implications for the use of anatomical dolls in sexual abuse evaluations. Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(5), 736-742. Erişim adresi https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0890856709646797. (Erişim Tarihi:19.04.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (1994). Putting the anatomical doll controversy in perspective: An examination of the major uses and criticisms of the dolls in child sexual abuse evaluations. Child Abuse&-Neglect, 18(2), 113-129. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(94)90114-7. (Erişim Tarihi:19.04.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (2002). Anatomical dolls and drawings. Eisen, G.S., Quas, A., Goodman, G.S. (Eds). Memory and Suggestibility in the Forensic Interview içinde, (381-400), London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers Yayınları.
  • Fernandes, D., Gomes, J.P., Albuquerque, P.B. & Matos, M. (2024). Forensic interview techniques in child sexual abuse cases: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence&Abuse, 25(2), 1382-1396. Erişim adresi https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15248380231177317. (Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2024).
  • Freeman, K.R. & Estrada-Mullaney, T. (1988). Using dolls to interview child victims: Legal concerns and interview procedures. Stewart, J. K. (Ed.). National Institute of Justice içinde (1-5), Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice. Erişim adresi https://books. google.com.tr/. (Erişim tarihi:28.06.2024).
  • Garstang, J., Dickens, J. Menka, M. & Taylor, J. (2023). Improving professional practice in the investigation and management of intra familial child sexual abuse. Child Abuse&Neglect, 137. Erişim adresi https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106053. (Erişim tarihi 24.10.2024).
  • Goldberg, C. C.&Yates, A. (1990). The use of anatomically correct dolls in the evaluation of sexually abused children. American Journal of Diseases of Child, 144 (12), 1334-1336. Erişim adresi https://jamanetwork. com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/515457. (Erişim tarihi:03.05.2024).
  • Gould, J. W. (1998). APSAC practice guidelines: Use of anatomical dolls in csa assessments. Conducting Scientification Crafted Child Custody Evaluations içinde (363-373), California: Sage.
  • Johnson, M.S., Stordrange Hyvik, M., Brathen, I.C., Magnussen, S., Grung, R. M., Klinberg Roed, R. & Pripp, A. H. (2024). The use and productivity of visual aids as retrieval support in police interviews of preschool-aged victims of abuse. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 39, 289-302. Erişim adresi https://doi. org/10.1007/s11896-023-09627-w.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Kendrick, E. M. (2013). Diagram debate: the use of anatomical diagrams in child sexual abuse cases. Liberty University Law Review, 8 (1), 125-168. Erişim adresi https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review/ vol8/iss1/5.
  • Lamb, M.E., Hershkowitz, I., Stenberg, K. J., Boat, W.B. &Everson, M.D. (1996). Investigative interviews of alleged sexual abuse victims with and without anatomical dolls. Child Abuse&Neglect, 20 (12), 1251-1259. Erişim adresi https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Lamb-8/publication/14221745. (Erişim tarihi: 05.06.2024).
  • Lytle, N. E., Dickinson, J. J. & Poole, D. A. (2019). Techniques for interviewing reluctant child witnesses. Dickinson, J.J., Compo N.S., Carol, R., Schwartz, B. L. & McCauley, M. (Eds.). Evidence-based investigate interviewing: applying cognitive principles içinde (193- 215), NY: Taylor Francis.
  • Morgan, M. (1995). How to Interview Sexual Abuse Victims, Including the Use of Anatomical Dolls. California: Interpersonal Violence: The Practice Series- Sage.
  • Myers, J.E.B. (2005). Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic, and Elder Abuse Cases. NY: Aspen Publishers.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2022). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri. (Çev. Ö. Akkaya). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi Yayınları. (Orijinal Yayın Tarihi, 2019).
  • Orhan, G. & Erden, H.G. (2022). Türkiye’de Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocuklarla Yürütülen Adli Görüşmenin Niteliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 14(4), 570579. Erişim adresi http://www.cappsy.org/archieves/ vol14/no4/cap_14_04_13.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2025).
  • Payne, B.K. &Gainey, R.R. (2015). Family violence and criminal justice:a life-course approach. NY: Routledge.
  • Pipe, M.-E. & Salmon, K. (2009). Dolls, Drawings, Body Drawings, and Other Props. Role of Props in Investigative Interviews. Kuehnle, K., Connell, M. (Eds.). The Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: A Comprehensive Guide to Assessment and Testimony içinde, NJ: John Wiley&Sons.
  • Quinn, K. M. (2010). Interviewing Children for Suspected Sexual Abuse. Benedek, E.P., Ash, P., (Eds.). Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Mental Health içinde (229-240), London: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Realmuto, G. M., Jensen, J. B. &Wescoe, S. (1990). Specificity and sensivity of sexually anatomically correct dolls in substantiating abuse: A pilot study. Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(5), 743-746. Erişim adresi https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/5089085670964803. (Erişim tarihi: 03.05.2024).
  • Reddy, T. & Sinha, S. M. (2025). Immersive virtual reality training to identify and investigative child abuse: a review of emerging progress and future directions. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1-8. Erişim adresi: doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1550907. (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Reichert, S.K. (1997). Medical evaluation of the sexually abused children. Helfer, M.E., Kempe, R.S., Krugman, R.D. (Eds.). The Battered Child içinde, (313-328), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Reiter, E., Pollack, D. & Siegel, J. (2023). A very young child’s voice in sexual abuse legal proceedings. The Recorder. Erişim adresi https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12202/9715. (Erişim tarihi: 25.06.2024).
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (2024, Ekim10). When numbers demand action: confronting the global sexual scale of sexual violence against children, https://www.unicef.org/topics.sexual-abuse, (Erişim tarihi: 19.10.2024).
  • Üstün Güllü, B. (2020). Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuklarla adli görüşme: görüşme yöntemi ve görüşmecinin öznel deneyimi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Wakefield, H. & Underwager, R. (2005). The Application of images in child abuse investigations. Prosser, J. (Ed.). Image-Based Research: A Sourcebook for Qualitative Researchers içinde (157-173), London: Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Whitcomb, D. (1994). When the Victim is a Child. 2. Edition, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice Yayınları.
  • Xingyuan, W. & Ruiping, L (2024). Research on inquiry methods for child witness. Science of Law Journal, 3 (3), 45-50. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.23977/law.2024.030307. (Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2024).

USE OF ANATOMICAL DOLLS IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 176 - 190, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70819/kares.1803812

Abstract

The subject of this study is anatomical dolls. Nonverbal assisted methods, including anatomical dolls, are widely used in interviews with child witnesses to gather information about the details of child sexual abuse. Compared to relying solely on verbal communication, anatomical dolls have been shown to increase children’s ability to recall and describe events. This study aims to provide a general framework for how anatomical dolls are handled in child sexual abuse cases, drawing on how dolls should be used in interviews, their physical characteristics, the nature of the questions to be asked, and ethical debates surrounding them. Studies conducted in Türkiye have shown that anatomical dolls are treated as one of the interview techniques used in child sexual abuse interviews, and their inclusion is quite limited, particularly regarding their intended use, methods of use, and controversial status. Therefore, this study is a detailed study of anatomical dolls. Anatomical dolls are discussed on a controversial platform, both with their benefits and ethical risks. Although anatomical dolls have been criticized for suggesting excessively suggestive sexual material, instilling fantasies in children, and leading children to describe sexual acts that have not occurred, anatomical dolls are a promising tool, working with competent experts in the field, as one of the techniques for giving voice to children who remain silent in cases of sexual abuse. In the hands of well-trained interviewers, anatomical dolls can be quite useful in the interview process.

References

  • Aldridge, N. C. (1998). Strenghts and limitations of forensic child sexual abuse interviews with anatomical dolls: an empirical review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 20 (1), 1-41. Erişim adresi https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1023084525733. (Erişim tarihi: 23.04.2024).
  • Bağ, Ö. & Bilginer, Ç. (2018). Çocuk izlem merkezlerinde yürütülen sağlık hizmetlerinin gözden geçirilmesi. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 25(1), 83-89. Erişim adresi https://www.cogepderg.com (Erişim tarihi: 11.07.2025).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1988). Research and issues in using anatomical dolls. Annals of Sex Research, 1, 191-204, Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00852797 (Erişim tarihi:05.05.2024).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1989). Anatomical doll play among young children: a follow-up of sexual demonstrations and doll avoiders. 1-15, Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED316336 (Erişim tarihi: 25.04.2024).
  • Boat, B.W. & Everson, M.D. (1993). Child Victims, Child Witnesses: Understanding and Improving Testimony.
  • Goodman, S.,&Bottoms, B. (Eds).The Use of Anatomical Dolls in Sexual Abuse Evaluations: Current.Research and Practice içinde (47-69), NY: The Guilford Press.
  • Britton, H.L. & O’Keefe, M. A. (1991). Use of nonanatomical dolls in the sexual abuse interview. Child Abuse& Neglect, 15(4), 567-573. Erişim adresi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ 014521349190040K. (Erişim tarihi:03.05.2024).
  • Bühler-Niederberger, D. & Alberth, L. (2023). Struggling for open awareness – Trajectories of violence against children from a sociological perspective. Children and Youth Services Review, 145, Erişim adresi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106769. (Erişim tarihi: 26.02.2024).
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (1993). Child Sexual Abuse: Intervention and Treatment Issues. Michigan: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Yayınları.
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (1996). Interviewing children who may have been sexually abused. Interviewing Child Witnessess and Victims of Sexual Abuse içinde (11-20), Michigan: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Yayınları. Erişim adresi https://scholar.google.com.tr/ (Erişim tarihi:08.06.2024).
  • Coulborn Faller, K. (2003). Understanding and Assessing Child Sexual Maltreatment. 2. Edition, California: Sage.
  • Cyr, M., Dion, J., Daignault, I. V., & Cote, E. (2024). How facility dogs impact interviewer’s questions and details provided by children in forensic interviews. iIIRG, 14(1), 1-23. Erişim adresi: https://iiirg.org/wp-content/ uploads/2024/11/IIRP_20240806Cyr_Final.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Dalen Herland, M. (2023). Tacit and embodied narratives of child sexual abuse. Qualitative Social Work, 22(6), 1141-1156. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14733250221126933 (Erişim tarihi: 26.10.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (1990). Sexualized doll play among young children: implications for the use of anatomical dolls in sexual abuse evaluations. Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(5), 736-742. Erişim adresi https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/ S0890856709646797. (Erişim Tarihi:19.04.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (1994). Putting the anatomical doll controversy in perspective: An examination of the major uses and criticisms of the dolls in child sexual abuse evaluations. Child Abuse&-Neglect, 18(2), 113-129. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(94)90114-7. (Erişim Tarihi:19.04.2024).
  • Everson, M.D. & Boat, B. W. (2002). Anatomical dolls and drawings. Eisen, G.S., Quas, A., Goodman, G.S. (Eds). Memory and Suggestibility in the Forensic Interview içinde, (381-400), London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers Yayınları.
  • Fernandes, D., Gomes, J.P., Albuquerque, P.B. & Matos, M. (2024). Forensic interview techniques in child sexual abuse cases: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence&Abuse, 25(2), 1382-1396. Erişim adresi https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15248380231177317. (Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2024).
  • Freeman, K.R. & Estrada-Mullaney, T. (1988). Using dolls to interview child victims: Legal concerns and interview procedures. Stewart, J. K. (Ed.). National Institute of Justice içinde (1-5), Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice. Erişim adresi https://books. google.com.tr/. (Erişim tarihi:28.06.2024).
  • Garstang, J., Dickens, J. Menka, M. & Taylor, J. (2023). Improving professional practice in the investigation and management of intra familial child sexual abuse. Child Abuse&Neglect, 137. Erişim adresi https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106053. (Erişim tarihi 24.10.2024).
  • Goldberg, C. C.&Yates, A. (1990). The use of anatomically correct dolls in the evaluation of sexually abused children. American Journal of Diseases of Child, 144 (12), 1334-1336. Erişim adresi https://jamanetwork. com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/515457. (Erişim tarihi:03.05.2024).
  • Gould, J. W. (1998). APSAC practice guidelines: Use of anatomical dolls in csa assessments. Conducting Scientification Crafted Child Custody Evaluations içinde (363-373), California: Sage.
  • Johnson, M.S., Stordrange Hyvik, M., Brathen, I.C., Magnussen, S., Grung, R. M., Klinberg Roed, R. & Pripp, A. H. (2024). The use and productivity of visual aids as retrieval support in police interviews of preschool-aged victims of abuse. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 39, 289-302. Erişim adresi https://doi. org/10.1007/s11896-023-09627-w.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Kendrick, E. M. (2013). Diagram debate: the use of anatomical diagrams in child sexual abuse cases. Liberty University Law Review, 8 (1), 125-168. Erişim adresi https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review/ vol8/iss1/5.
  • Lamb, M.E., Hershkowitz, I., Stenberg, K. J., Boat, W.B. &Everson, M.D. (1996). Investigative interviews of alleged sexual abuse victims with and without anatomical dolls. Child Abuse&Neglect, 20 (12), 1251-1259. Erişim adresi https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Lamb-8/publication/14221745. (Erişim tarihi: 05.06.2024).
  • Lytle, N. E., Dickinson, J. J. & Poole, D. A. (2019). Techniques for interviewing reluctant child witnesses. Dickinson, J.J., Compo N.S., Carol, R., Schwartz, B. L. & McCauley, M. (Eds.). Evidence-based investigate interviewing: applying cognitive principles içinde (193- 215), NY: Taylor Francis.
  • Morgan, M. (1995). How to Interview Sexual Abuse Victims, Including the Use of Anatomical Dolls. California: Interpersonal Violence: The Practice Series- Sage.
  • Myers, J.E.B. (2005). Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic, and Elder Abuse Cases. NY: Aspen Publishers.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2022). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri. (Çev. Ö. Akkaya). Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi Yayınları. (Orijinal Yayın Tarihi, 2019).
  • Orhan, G. & Erden, H.G. (2022). Türkiye’de Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocuklarla Yürütülen Adli Görüşmenin Niteliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 14(4), 570579. Erişim adresi http://www.cappsy.org/archieves/ vol14/no4/cap_14_04_13.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 10.07.2025).
  • Payne, B.K. &Gainey, R.R. (2015). Family violence and criminal justice:a life-course approach. NY: Routledge.
  • Pipe, M.-E. & Salmon, K. (2009). Dolls, Drawings, Body Drawings, and Other Props. Role of Props in Investigative Interviews. Kuehnle, K., Connell, M. (Eds.). The Evaluation of Child Sexual Abuse Allegations: A Comprehensive Guide to Assessment and Testimony içinde, NJ: John Wiley&Sons.
  • Quinn, K. M. (2010). Interviewing Children for Suspected Sexual Abuse. Benedek, E.P., Ash, P., (Eds.). Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Mental Health içinde (229-240), London: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Realmuto, G. M., Jensen, J. B. &Wescoe, S. (1990). Specificity and sensivity of sexually anatomically correct dolls in substantiating abuse: A pilot study. Journal of the American Academy of Child&Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(5), 743-746. Erişim adresi https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/5089085670964803. (Erişim tarihi: 03.05.2024).
  • Reddy, T. & Sinha, S. M. (2025). Immersive virtual reality training to identify and investigative child abuse: a review of emerging progress and future directions. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 1-8. Erişim adresi: doi:10.3389/frvir.2025.1550907. (Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2025).
  • Reichert, S.K. (1997). Medical evaluation of the sexually abused children. Helfer, M.E., Kempe, R.S., Krugman, R.D. (Eds.). The Battered Child içinde, (313-328), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Reiter, E., Pollack, D. & Siegel, J. (2023). A very young child’s voice in sexual abuse legal proceedings. The Recorder. Erişim adresi https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12202/9715. (Erişim tarihi: 25.06.2024).
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (2024, Ekim10). When numbers demand action: confronting the global sexual scale of sexual violence against children, https://www.unicef.org/topics.sexual-abuse, (Erişim tarihi: 19.10.2024).
  • Üstün Güllü, B. (2020). Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuklarla adli görüşme: görüşme yöntemi ve görüşmecinin öznel deneyimi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Wakefield, H. & Underwager, R. (2005). The Application of images in child abuse investigations. Prosser, J. (Ed.). Image-Based Research: A Sourcebook for Qualitative Researchers içinde (157-173), London: Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Whitcomb, D. (1994). When the Victim is a Child. 2. Edition, Washington: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice Yayınları.
  • Xingyuan, W. & Ruiping, L (2024). Research on inquiry methods for child witness. Science of Law Journal, 3 (3), 45-50. Erişim adresi https://doi.org/10.23977/law.2024.030307. (Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2024).
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology of Gender
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ayça Demir 0000-0001-8098-473X

Submission Date October 14, 2025
Acceptance Date December 2, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, A. (2025). ÇOCUĞA YÖNELİK CİNSEL İSTİSMAR OLAYLARINDA ANATOMİK BEBEKLERİN KULLANIMI. Karaelmas Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 176-190. https://doi.org/10.70819/kares.1803812