The Relationship Between Economic Growth And Environmental Pollution in D8 Countries: Panel Var Analysis

Abstract

In this study D8 (Turkey, Indonesia, Iran, Egypt, Pakistan, Nigeria, Malaysia, Bangladesh) countries per capita in the real gross domestic product was examined by relations panel VAR analysis between carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption. The data obtained from the World Bank Economic Indicators Database for the period 1990-2014 were analyzed with the annual data. As a result of this study, one-way Granger causality relationship was determined from real gross domestic product to energy use and carbon dioxide emission.

Keywords

• : Economic Growth
• CO2 Emissions
• Energy Use
• VAR Analysis

References

1. REFERENCES Agras, J. ve Chapman, D. (1999). A Dynamic Approach to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Ecological Economics. 28(2): 267-277.
2. Ang, J. B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Output in France. Energy Policy. 35(10). 4772-4778.
3. Borghesi, S. (1999). The environmental Kuznets curve: A survey of the literature. European University Institute, Florence.
4. Bozkurt, H. (2007). Zaman Serileri Analizleri. Bursa, Ekin Yayınları.
5. British Petroleum, (2016). BP Statistical Review of World Energy: Carbon Dioxide Emissions,http://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/excel/energyeconomics/statistical-review-2016/bp statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-workbook.xlsx.
6. Carson, R. T. (2010). The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Seeking Empirical Regularity and Theoretical Structure. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4(1), 3-23
7. Coondoo, D. ve Dinda, S. (2002). Causality Between Income and Emission: A Country Group-Specific Econometric Analysis. Ecological Economics, 40(3), 351-367.
8. Dijkgraaf, E. ve Vollebergh, H. R. (2005). A test for parameter homogeneity in CO2 panel EKC estimations. Environmental and resource economics, 32(2), 229-239.

9. Dumrul, Y. ve Kılıçarslan, Z. (2018). Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve CO2 Emisyonu İlişkisi: Türkiye Uygulaması. In ICPESS (International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies) (No. 5).
10. Dünya Enerji Konseyi Türk Milli Komitesi, (1999). Enerji Raporu. Ankara.
11. Enders, W. (2004). Applied Econometric Time Series, by Walter. Technometrics, 46(2), 264.
12. Fodha, M. ve Zaghdoud, O. (2010). Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy Policy, 38(2), 1150-1156.
13. Granger, C. W. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 37(3), 424- 438.
14. Grossman, G. M. ve Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement (No. w3914). National Bureau of Economic Research.
15. Güllü, M. Y. (2017). Karbon Emisyonu ve Enerji Tüketiminin Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri: MIST Ülkeleri Karşılaştırması. Sosyoekonomi, 25(32), 239-253.
16. Hamilton, C. ve Turton, H. (2002). Determinants of emissions growth in OECD countries. Energy Policy, 30(1), 63-71.
17. Hamit-Haggar, M. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: a panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364.
18. Karakaya, E. ve Özçağ, M. (2003). Türkiye Açısından Kyoto Protokolü'nün Değerlendirilmesi ve Ayrıştırma (Decomposition), Yöntemi İle CO2 Emisyonu Belirleyicilerinin Analizi. ODTÜ İktisat Konferansı, 6-9.
19. Kum, H. (2009). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları: Dünya Piyasalarındaki Son Gelişmeler ve Politikalar. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (33), 207-223.
20. Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 1-28.
21. Külünk, İ. (2018). Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Karbon Salınımı İlişkisi: Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme Analizi (1960-2013). Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(1), 193-205.
22. Masih, A. M. ve Masih, R. (1996). Energy consumption, real income and temporal causality: results from a multi-country study based on cointegration and error-correction modelling techniques. Energy economics, 18(3), 165-183.
23. Meidani, A. A. N. ve Zabihi, M. (2014). Energy consumption and real GDP in Iran. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(1), 15.
24. Oh, W. ve Lee, K. (2004). Causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP revisited: the case of Korea 1970–1999. Energy economics, 26(1), 51-59.
25. Saboori, B. Sulaiman, J. ve Mohd, S. (2012). Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy Policy, 51, 184-191.
26. Say, N. P. ve Yücel, M. (2006). Energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in Turkey: empirical analysis and future projection based on an economic growth. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3870-3876.
27. Sedjo, R. A. ve Sohngen, B. L. (2000). Forestry sequestration of CO2 and markets for timber. Washington: Resources for the Future.
28. Shi, A. (2001). Population growth and global carbon dioxide emissions. In IUSSP Conference in Brazil/session-09.
29. Soytas, U. Sari, R. ve Ozdemir, O. (2001). Energy consumption and GDP relation in Turkey: a cointegration and vector error correction analysis. Economies and Business in Transition: Facilitating Competitiveness and Change in the Global Environment Proceedings, 838-844.
30. Stern, D. (2004). The Rise and Fall of The Environmental Kuznets Curve. World Development, 32(8), 1419-1439.
31. Topallı, N. (2016). CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Hindistan, Çin, Brezilya ve Güney Afrika için Panel Veri Analizi. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 427-447.
32. Tsurumi, T. ve Managi, S. (2010). Decomposition of the environmental Kuznets curve: scale, technique, and composition effects. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, 11(1-4), 19-36.
33. Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı, UEA. (2016). CO2 Emıssions From Fuel Combustion.
34. Yöntem, G. (2013). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Karbon Salınımı Arasındaki İlişkinin Nedensellik Analizi: Türkiye Örneği. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 1 8.
35. Yu, E. S. ve Choi, J. Y. (1985).The causal relationship between energy and GNP: An International Comparison. The Journal of Energy And Development, 10(2), 249-272.
36. Zhang, Z. (2000). Can China afford to commit itself an emissions cap? An economic and political analysis. Energy Economics, 22(6), 587-614.