BibTex RIS Cite

Bark Beetle Management in Regard to the Global Climatic Change

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 44 - 54, 01.03.2010

Ziya Şimşek Yalçın Kondur Nuri Öner Muharrem Şimşek

Abstract

Keywords

-

References

  • Anderbrant, O., 1990. Gallery construction and oviposition of the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) at different breeding densities. Ecol. Entomol. 15, 1–8.
  • URL1, 2003. L’actualité phytosanitaire en forêt en 2003: bilan de fin de saison de végétation, in: Information Santé des Forêts, Min. Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur., Paris, http://www.agriculture.gov.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/actu_ phytos2003.pdf, 2003.
  • Anonymous, 2004. L’actualité phytosanitaire en forêt en 2004: bilan d’automne, La Lettre du DSF 30:3–9.
  • Ayres M.P., Lombardero M., 2000. Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens, Sci. Total Environ. 262: 263–286.
  • Ayres, M.P., 1993. Global change, plant defense, and herbyvory. Pages 75-94 in P.M. Kareiva, J.G. Kingsolver, and R.B. Huey, editors. Biotic interactions and global change. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. MA.
  • Bakke, A., 1992. Monitoring bark beetle populations: effects of temperature. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 208–211.
  • Bale, J.S., 1991. Implications of cold hardiness for pest management. In Insects at Low Temperature, R.E. Lee, Jr. and D.L. Denlinger (eds.). Chapman and Hall New York NY. Pp. 461-498.
  • Belrose V., Nageleisen L.-M., Renaud J.-P., 2004. Les conséquences de la canicule et de la sécheresse sur la santé des forêts : bilan à la fin de l’année 2003. La santé des forêts (France) en 2003, in: DSF, http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/ pdf/canicule_secheresse.pdf.
  • Beniston M., Innes J., 1998. The impacts of climate variability on forests, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Bentz., 2008. Western U.S. Bark Beetles and Climate Change. (May 20, 2008). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center. http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/ bark- beetles.shtml
  • Berninger R., 1997. Effects of drought and phenology on GPP in Pinus sylvestris: A simulation study along a geographical gradient, Funct. Ecol. 11: 33–42.
  • Bombosch, S., Dedek, W., 1994. Integrierter Pflanzenschutz gegen Ips typographus (L.)— Kombination von Pheromonen und dem systemischen Insektizid Methamidophos (IPIDEX). Z. Pfl.krankh. Pfl.schutz 101, 508–518.
  • Bombosch, S., Dedek, W., Pape, J., 1992. Zum Saftstromverfahren mit IPIDEX. Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 47, 360–362.
  • Breshears D.D., Cobb N.S., Rich P.M., Price K.P., Allen C.D.,Balice R.G., Romme W.H., Kastens J.H., Floyd M.L., Belnap J.,Anderson J.J., Myers O.B., Meyer C.W., 2005. Regional vegetation dieoff in response to global-change- type drought, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 102: 15144–15148.
  • Dedek, W., Pape, J., 1990. Umweltschonendes Abschöpfen von Borkenkäfern in der DDR. Allg. Forst. Z.Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 45, 357–359.
  • Desprez-Lousteau M.-L., Marçais B., Nageleisen L.-M., Piou D.,Vannini A., 2006. Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees, Ann. For. Sci. 63: 595–610.
  • Dimitri, L., Gebauer, U., Lösekrug, R., Vaupel, O., 1992. Influence of mass trapping on the population dynamic and damage-effect of bark beetles. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 103–109.
  • Dubbel, V., 1993. Überlebensrate von Fichtenborkenkäfern bei maschineller Entrindung. Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 48, 359–360.
  • Dubbel, V., Dimitri, L., Niemeyer, H., Vaupel, O., 1995. Borkenkä- ferfallen - sinnlos bei Massenvermehrungen? Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 50, 258.
  • Göthlin, E., Schroeder, L.M., Lindelow, A., 2000. Attacks by Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus on windthrown spruces (Picea abies) during the two years following a storm felling. Scand. J. For. Res. 15, 542–549.
  • Greenbank D., 1956. The role of climate and dispersal in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick, Can. Entomol. 34: 453–476.
  • Hampe, A., Petit, R.J., 2003. Conserving Biological Diversity Under Climate Change: The Rear Edge Matters. Ecology Letters. 8: 461-467.
  • Jakus, R., 1998. A method for the protection of spruce stands against Ips typographus by the use of barriers of pheromone traps in north- eastern Slovakia. Anz. Schädl. kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz. 71, 152–158.
  • Johnson, R.H., Lincoln, D.E., 1991. Sagebrush carbon allocation patterns and grasshopper nutrition: the influence of CO2 enrichment and soil mineral nutrition. Oecologia 87: 127-134.
  • Konukçu, M., 1999. Ormancılığımız, Turkish Forestry, DPT, Ankara, 146s.
  • Kreutz, J., 2001. Möglichkeiten einer biologischen Bekämpfung des Buchdruckers, Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae), mit insektenpathogenen Pilzen in Kombination mit Pheromonfallen. Dissertation Naturwiss.-techn. Fakultät III, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken.
  • Larsson, S., Wiren, A., Lundren, L., Ericsson, T., 1986. Effects of light and nutrient stres on leaf phenolic chemistry in Salix dasyclados and susceptibity to Galerucella lineola (Coleoptera). Oikos 47:205-210.
  • Lobinger, G., 1996. Variations in sex ratio during an outbreak of Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) in Southern Bavaria. Anz. Schädl. kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 51–53.
  • Lobinger, G., Skatulla, U., 1996. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Sonnenlicht auf das Schwärmverhalten von Borkenkäfern. Anz. Schädl.kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 183–185.
  • Morecroft, M., Bealey C., Howells O., Rennie S.,Woiwod I., 2002. Effects of drought on contrasting insect and plant species in the UK in the mi-1990s, Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 11: 7–22.
  • Nageleisen L.M., 2004a. Les insectes sous- corticaux des résineux en 2002: diminution inattendue des dommages dus aux scolytes, Min.Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur. (DGFAR), Paris.
  • Nageleisen L.M., 2004b. Recrudescence des insectes sous-corticaux à la suite des extrêmes climatiques de 2003, in: Bilan de lasanté des forêts en 2003, Min. Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur., Paris, http://www.agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/ insectes_souscorticaux.pdf.
  • Niemeyer, H., Dimitri, L., Vaupel, O., 1990. Verminderung von Borkenkäferpopulationen. Allg. Forst. Z.Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 45, 770–773.
  • Parmesan, C. 1996. “Climate and species’ range.” Nature 382: 765– 766.
  • Parmesan, C. 2003. “Butterflies as bio- indicators of climate change impacts.” In Evolution and Ecology Taking Flight:Butterflies as Model Systems, C.L Boggs, W. B. Watt, and P.R., Ehrlich (eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 541-560.
  • Parmesan, C., Yohe, G., 2003. A Globally Coherent Fingerprint of Climate Change Impacts Across Natural Systems. Nature 421: 37-42.
  • Pease, J.L., Vowles, R.H., Keith, L.B., 1979. Interaction of snowshoe hares and woody vegetation. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:43-60.
  • Reichardt, P.B., Chapin, F.S., Bryant, J.P., Mattes, B.R., Clausen, T.P., 1991. Carbon/nutrient balance as a predictor of plant defense in Alaskan balsam poplar: potential importance of metabolite turnover. Oecologia 88:401-406.
  • Robbins, C.T., 1983. Wildlife feeding and nutrition. Academic Pres, New York.
  • Rouault, G., Candau, J.N., Lieutier, F., Nageleisen, L.S., Martin, J.C., Warzée, N., 2006. Effects of drought and heat on forest insect population in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe. Ann. For. Sci. 63: 613-624.
  • Schopf, R., Köhler, U., 1995. Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik der Fichtenborkenkäfer im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald - 25 Jahre auf dem Weg zum Naturwald. Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Neuschönau, 88–110.
  • Scriber, J.M., Slansky, M., 1981. The nutritional ecology of immature insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 26: 183-211.
  • Semerci, A., Çelik, O., Şanlı, B., Şahin, Ö., Eczacıbaşı, B., Argun, N., 2006. İç Anadolu Bölgesinde Son Beş Yılda İncelenen Bazı Ağaç Kurumalarının Nedenlerinin İrdelenmesi ve Çözüm Önerileri. Türkiye’de Yarıkurak Bölgelerde Yapılan Ağaçlandırma ve Erozyon Kontrolü Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi Çalıştayı, 7-10 Kasım 2006 Ürgüp-Nevşehir, I. Cilt, 42-53.
  • Solbreck, C., 1991. Unusual weather and insect population dynamics: Lygaeus equestris during an extinction and recovery period. Oikos, 60: 343-350.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., Şimşek, M., 2008. Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Zararlı Böcekler Üzerine Olası Etkileri. IV. Çankırı Kültürü ve Bilgi Şöleni 13-15 Kasım 2008.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Meşcerelerinin Silvikültürel Özellikleri İle Saptanan Kabukböcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri:A, Sayı:2, 49-60 .
  • Şimşek, Z., 2005. Derbent (Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı) Göknar Orman Alanlarında Bulunan Büyük Göknar Kabukböceği [Pityokteines curvidens (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)]’nin Zarar Durumu ve Uçuş Periyodunun Feromon Tuzaklarla İzlenmesi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 2: 18-26.
  • Taylor, F., 1981. Ecology and evolution of physiological time in insects. Amer. Natur. 117:1- 23.
  • Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., 2004. Extinction Risk From Climate Change. Nature. 416: 389-395.
  • Ungerer M., Ayres M., Lombardero M., 1999. Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), J. Biogeogr. 26: 1133–1145.
  • Vaupel, O., Zimmermann, G., 1996. Orientierende Versuche zur Kombination von Pheromonfallen mit dem Insektenpathogenen Pilz Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. gegen die Borkenkäferart Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). Anz. Schädl.kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 175–179.
  • Virtanen T., S N., Nikula A., Varama M., Niemela P., 1996. Climate change and the risks of Neodiprion sertifer outbreaks on Scots pine, Silva Fenn. 30: 169–177.
  • Wargo P., 1996. Consequences of environmental stress on oak predisposition to pathogens, Ann. For. Sci. 53: 359–368.
  • Waterman, P.G., Mole, S., 1989. Extrinsic factors influencing production of secondary metabolites in plants. In Insect-Plant Interactions, Vol.1, E.A. Bernays (ed.). CRC Pres, Boca Raton, FL. Pp. 107-134.
  • Wermelinger, B., 2002. Development and distribution of predators and parasitoids during two consecutive years of an Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) infestation. J. Appl. Entomol. 126, 521–527.
  • Wermelinger, B., 2004. Ecology and management of spruce bark beetle Ips typographus – a review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management 202: 67-82.
  • Weslien, J., 1992. Effects of mass trapping on Ips typographus (L.) populations. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 228–232.
  • Weslien, J., Lindelöw, A°., 1990. Recapture of marked spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) in pheromone traps using area-wide mass trapping. Can. J. For. Res. 20, 1786–1790.
  • White, R.M., 2002. Sequestering carbon emission in the terrestrial biosphere. Washington Advisory Group LLC.
  • Wichmann, L., Ravn, H.P., 2001. The spread of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacks following heavy windthrow in Denmark, analysed using GIS. For. Ecol. Manag. 148, 31– 39.
  • Williams D., Liebhold A., 1995. Forest defoliators and climatic change: potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Environ. Entomol. 24: 1–9.
  • Zengin, H., Asan, Ü., Özkan, Y., Sağlam, S., 2007. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin geciktirilmesinde karasal ekosistemlerin ve özellikle ormanların rolü ve önemi ile Türkiye’deki durumu. Küresel İklim Değişimi ve Su Sorununun Çözümünde Ormanlar, 13-14 Aralık, Bahçeköy/İstanbul.

Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 44 - 54, 01.03.2010

Ziya Şimşek Yalçın Kondur Nuri Öner Muharrem Şimşek

Abstract

Sıcaklığın artması, yaz mevsimlerinin uzamasına, böceklerin daha uzun süre zarar yapmasına ve aynı zamanda ağaçları su stresine sokarak onların alyuvarları durumunda bulunan ve yapımında su bulunan reçine miktarını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Sıcaklığın artmasıyla birlikte böceklerin bir yılda verdikleri döl sayısı da artabileceği gibi, biyoloji-fenoloji ilişkisi de bozulabilmektedir. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkisiyle sıcaklık artışına bağlı olarak, hayvanlar kutuplara doğru ilerleyebilecek ve üst dağlık kesimlere-yüksek rakımlara bile göç edeceklerdir. Bu durum; sıcaklık artışı ile böcek salgınları arasında sıkı bir ilişki bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kabukböcekleri yönetiminin amacı, sağlıklı ağaçlara olabilecek saldırıların en az düzeye indirilmesidir. Kabukböcekleri ağaçlara yerleştikten sonra tuzak ağaçların ormandan uzaklaştırılması işlemi; zararlı yoğunluğunda önemli azalmalar oluncaya kadar kesme/tuzaklama/uzaklaştırma işlemlerinin sırasıyla ve belirli aralıklarla tekrarlanmasını gerekmektedir. Türe özgü feromon tuzaklar kullanmak suretiyle, zararlının uçuş seyrinin izlenmesi ve popülasyon yoğunluğunun ekonomik zarar seviyesinin altına düşürülmesi mümkündür. Ayrıca, bulaşık alanlarda her yıl sürveyler yapılarak salgının şiddet ve boyutları belirlenmek suretiyle, silvikültürel müdahaleler ile biyoteknik yöntemlerin zamanında uygulanması imkan dahiline girmiş olur. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin, kabukböcekleri üzerine olası etkilerini ve alınması gerekli önlemleri; literatür ve mevcut bilgiler ışığında değerlendirmek üzere bu çalışma ele alınmıştır

Keywords

İklim değişikliği Kuraklık Kabukböcekleri Yönetim

References

  • Anderbrant, O., 1990. Gallery construction and oviposition of the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) at different breeding densities. Ecol. Entomol. 15, 1–8.
  • URL1, 2003. L’actualité phytosanitaire en forêt en 2003: bilan de fin de saison de végétation, in: Information Santé des Forêts, Min. Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur., Paris, http://www.agriculture.gov.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/actu_ phytos2003.pdf, 2003.
  • Anonymous, 2004. L’actualité phytosanitaire en forêt en 2004: bilan d’automne, La Lettre du DSF 30:3–9.
  • Ayres M.P., Lombardero M., 2000. Assessing the consequences of global change for forest disturbance from herbivores and pathogens, Sci. Total Environ. 262: 263–286.
  • Ayres, M.P., 1993. Global change, plant defense, and herbyvory. Pages 75-94 in P.M. Kareiva, J.G. Kingsolver, and R.B. Huey, editors. Biotic interactions and global change. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. MA.
  • Bakke, A., 1992. Monitoring bark beetle populations: effects of temperature. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 208–211.
  • Bale, J.S., 1991. Implications of cold hardiness for pest management. In Insects at Low Temperature, R.E. Lee, Jr. and D.L. Denlinger (eds.). Chapman and Hall New York NY. Pp. 461-498.
  • Belrose V., Nageleisen L.-M., Renaud J.-P., 2004. Les conséquences de la canicule et de la sécheresse sur la santé des forêts : bilan à la fin de l’année 2003. La santé des forêts (France) en 2003, in: DSF, http://agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/ pdf/canicule_secheresse.pdf.
  • Beniston M., Innes J., 1998. The impacts of climate variability on forests, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Bentz., 2008. Western U.S. Bark Beetles and Climate Change. (May 20, 2008). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Climate Change Resource Center. http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/ bark- beetles.shtml
  • Berninger R., 1997. Effects of drought and phenology on GPP in Pinus sylvestris: A simulation study along a geographical gradient, Funct. Ecol. 11: 33–42.
  • Bombosch, S., Dedek, W., 1994. Integrierter Pflanzenschutz gegen Ips typographus (L.)— Kombination von Pheromonen und dem systemischen Insektizid Methamidophos (IPIDEX). Z. Pfl.krankh. Pfl.schutz 101, 508–518.
  • Bombosch, S., Dedek, W., Pape, J., 1992. Zum Saftstromverfahren mit IPIDEX. Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 47, 360–362.
  • Breshears D.D., Cobb N.S., Rich P.M., Price K.P., Allen C.D.,Balice R.G., Romme W.H., Kastens J.H., Floyd M.L., Belnap J.,Anderson J.J., Myers O.B., Meyer C.W., 2005. Regional vegetation dieoff in response to global-change- type drought, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 102: 15144–15148.
  • Dedek, W., Pape, J., 1990. Umweltschonendes Abschöpfen von Borkenkäfern in der DDR. Allg. Forst. Z.Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 45, 357–359.
  • Desprez-Lousteau M.-L., Marçais B., Nageleisen L.-M., Piou D.,Vannini A., 2006. Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees, Ann. For. Sci. 63: 595–610.
  • Dimitri, L., Gebauer, U., Lösekrug, R., Vaupel, O., 1992. Influence of mass trapping on the population dynamic and damage-effect of bark beetles. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 103–109.
  • Dubbel, V., 1993. Überlebensrate von Fichtenborkenkäfern bei maschineller Entrindung. Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 48, 359–360.
  • Dubbel, V., Dimitri, L., Niemeyer, H., Vaupel, O., 1995. Borkenkä- ferfallen - sinnlos bei Massenvermehrungen? Allg. Forst. Z. Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 50, 258.
  • Göthlin, E., Schroeder, L.M., Lindelow, A., 2000. Attacks by Ips typographus and Pityogenes chalcographus on windthrown spruces (Picea abies) during the two years following a storm felling. Scand. J. For. Res. 15, 542–549.
  • Greenbank D., 1956. The role of climate and dispersal in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick, Can. Entomol. 34: 453–476.
  • Hampe, A., Petit, R.J., 2003. Conserving Biological Diversity Under Climate Change: The Rear Edge Matters. Ecology Letters. 8: 461-467.
  • Jakus, R., 1998. A method for the protection of spruce stands against Ips typographus by the use of barriers of pheromone traps in north- eastern Slovakia. Anz. Schädl. kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz. 71, 152–158.
  • Johnson, R.H., Lincoln, D.E., 1991. Sagebrush carbon allocation patterns and grasshopper nutrition: the influence of CO2 enrichment and soil mineral nutrition. Oecologia 87: 127-134.
  • Konukçu, M., 1999. Ormancılığımız, Turkish Forestry, DPT, Ankara, 146s.
  • Kreutz, J., 2001. Möglichkeiten einer biologischen Bekämpfung des Buchdruckers, Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae), mit insektenpathogenen Pilzen in Kombination mit Pheromonfallen. Dissertation Naturwiss.-techn. Fakultät III, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken.
  • Larsson, S., Wiren, A., Lundren, L., Ericsson, T., 1986. Effects of light and nutrient stres on leaf phenolic chemistry in Salix dasyclados and susceptibity to Galerucella lineola (Coleoptera). Oikos 47:205-210.
  • Lobinger, G., 1996. Variations in sex ratio during an outbreak of Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) in Southern Bavaria. Anz. Schädl. kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 51–53.
  • Lobinger, G., Skatulla, U., 1996. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Sonnenlicht auf das Schwärmverhalten von Borkenkäfern. Anz. Schädl.kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 183–185.
  • Morecroft, M., Bealey C., Howells O., Rennie S.,Woiwod I., 2002. Effects of drought on contrasting insect and plant species in the UK in the mi-1990s, Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 11: 7–22.
  • Nageleisen L.M., 2004a. Les insectes sous- corticaux des résineux en 2002: diminution inattendue des dommages dus aux scolytes, Min.Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur. (DGFAR), Paris.
  • Nageleisen L.M., 2004b. Recrudescence des insectes sous-corticaux à la suite des extrêmes climatiques de 2003, in: Bilan de lasanté des forêts en 2003, Min. Agri. Alim. Pêche Aff. Rur., Paris, http://www.agriculture.gouv.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/ insectes_souscorticaux.pdf.
  • Niemeyer, H., Dimitri, L., Vaupel, O., 1990. Verminderung von Borkenkäferpopulationen. Allg. Forst. Z.Waldwirtsch. Umweltvorsorge 45, 770–773.
  • Parmesan, C. 1996. “Climate and species’ range.” Nature 382: 765– 766.
  • Parmesan, C. 2003. “Butterflies as bio- indicators of climate change impacts.” In Evolution and Ecology Taking Flight:Butterflies as Model Systems, C.L Boggs, W. B. Watt, and P.R., Ehrlich (eds). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 541-560.
  • Parmesan, C., Yohe, G., 2003. A Globally Coherent Fingerprint of Climate Change Impacts Across Natural Systems. Nature 421: 37-42.
  • Pease, J.L., Vowles, R.H., Keith, L.B., 1979. Interaction of snowshoe hares and woody vegetation. J. Wildl. Manage. 43:43-60.
  • Reichardt, P.B., Chapin, F.S., Bryant, J.P., Mattes, B.R., Clausen, T.P., 1991. Carbon/nutrient balance as a predictor of plant defense in Alaskan balsam poplar: potential importance of metabolite turnover. Oecologia 88:401-406.
  • Robbins, C.T., 1983. Wildlife feeding and nutrition. Academic Pres, New York.
  • Rouault, G., Candau, J.N., Lieutier, F., Nageleisen, L.S., Martin, J.C., Warzée, N., 2006. Effects of drought and heat on forest insect population in relation to the 2003 drought in Western Europe. Ann. For. Sci. 63: 613-624.
  • Schopf, R., Köhler, U., 1995. Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik der Fichtenborkenkäfer im Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald. Nationalpark Bayerischer Wald - 25 Jahre auf dem Weg zum Naturwald. Nationalparkverwaltung Bayerischer Wald, Neuschönau, 88–110.
  • Scriber, J.M., Slansky, M., 1981. The nutritional ecology of immature insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 26: 183-211.
  • Semerci, A., Çelik, O., Şanlı, B., Şahin, Ö., Eczacıbaşı, B., Argun, N., 2006. İç Anadolu Bölgesinde Son Beş Yılda İncelenen Bazı Ağaç Kurumalarının Nedenlerinin İrdelenmesi ve Çözüm Önerileri. Türkiye’de Yarıkurak Bölgelerde Yapılan Ağaçlandırma ve Erozyon Kontrolü Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi Çalıştayı, 7-10 Kasım 2006 Ürgüp-Nevşehir, I. Cilt, 42-53.
  • Solbreck, C., 1991. Unusual weather and insect population dynamics: Lygaeus equestris during an extinction and recovery period. Oikos, 60: 343-350.
  • Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., Şimşek, M., 2008. Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin Zararlı Böcekler Üzerine Olası Etkileri. IV. Çankırı Kültürü ve Bilgi Şöleni 13-15 Kasım 2008.
  • Şimşek, Z., Öner, N., 2003. Ilgaz (Derbent ve Doruk)'da Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) Meşcerelerinin Silvikültürel Özellikleri İle Saptanan Kabukböcekleri ve Mücadele Yöntemleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri:A, Sayı:2, 49-60 .
  • Şimşek, Z., 2005. Derbent (Ilgaz Dağı Milli Parkı) Göknar Orman Alanlarında Bulunan Büyük Göknar Kabukböceği [Pityokteines curvidens (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)]’nin Zarar Durumu ve Uçuş Periyodunun Feromon Tuzaklarla İzlenmesi. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Cilt: 2: 18-26.
  • Taylor, F., 1981. Ecology and evolution of physiological time in insects. Amer. Natur. 117:1- 23.
  • Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., 2004. Extinction Risk From Climate Change. Nature. 416: 389-395.
  • Ungerer M., Ayres M., Lombardero M., 1999. Climate and the northern distribution limits of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), J. Biogeogr. 26: 1133–1145.
  • Vaupel, O., Zimmermann, G., 1996. Orientierende Versuche zur Kombination von Pheromonfallen mit dem Insektenpathogenen Pilz Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. gegen die Borkenkäferart Ips typographus L. (Col., Scolytidae). Anz. Schädl.kd. Pflanzenschutz Umweltschutz 69, 175–179.
  • Virtanen T., S N., Nikula A., Varama M., Niemela P., 1996. Climate change and the risks of Neodiprion sertifer outbreaks on Scots pine, Silva Fenn. 30: 169–177.
  • Wargo P., 1996. Consequences of environmental stress on oak predisposition to pathogens, Ann. For. Sci. 53: 359–368.
  • Waterman, P.G., Mole, S., 1989. Extrinsic factors influencing production of secondary metabolites in plants. In Insect-Plant Interactions, Vol.1, E.A. Bernays (ed.). CRC Pres, Boca Raton, FL. Pp. 107-134.
  • Wermelinger, B., 2002. Development and distribution of predators and parasitoids during two consecutive years of an Ips typographus (Col., Scolytidae) infestation. J. Appl. Entomol. 126, 521–527.
  • Wermelinger, B., 2004. Ecology and management of spruce bark beetle Ips typographus – a review of recent research. Forest Ecology and Management 202: 67-82.
  • Weslien, J., 1992. Effects of mass trapping on Ips typographus (L.) populations. J. Appl. Entomol. 114, 228–232.
  • Weslien, J., Lindelöw, A°., 1990. Recapture of marked spruce bark beetles (Ips typographus) in pheromone traps using area-wide mass trapping. Can. J. For. Res. 20, 1786–1790.
  • White, R.M., 2002. Sequestering carbon emission in the terrestrial biosphere. Washington Advisory Group LLC.
  • Wichmann, L., Ravn, H.P., 2001. The spread of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacks following heavy windthrow in Denmark, analysed using GIS. For. Ecol. Manag. 148, 31– 39.
  • Williams D., Liebhold A., 1995. Forest defoliators and climatic change: potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), Environ. Entomol. 24: 1–9.
  • Zengin, H., Asan, Ü., Özkan, Y., Sağlam, S., 2007. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin geciktirilmesinde karasal ekosistemlerin ve özellikle ormanların rolü ve önemi ile Türkiye’deki durumu. Küresel İklim Değişimi ve Su Sorununun Çözümünde Ormanlar, 13-14 Aralık, Bahçeköy/İstanbul.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ziya Şimşek This is me

Yalçın Kondur This is me

Nuri Öner This is me

Muharrem Şimşek This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şimşek, Z., Kondur, Y., Öner, N., Şimşek, M. (2010). Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 10(1), 44-54.
AMA Şimşek Z, Kondur Y, Öner N, Şimşek M. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. March 2010;10(1):44-54.
Chicago Şimşek, Ziya, Yalçın Kondur, Nuri Öner, and Muharrem Şimşek. “Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 10, no. 1 (March 2010): 44-54.
EndNote Şimşek Z, Kondur Y, Öner N, Şimşek M (March 1, 2010) Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 10 1 44–54.
IEEE Z. Şimşek, Y. Kondur, N. Öner, and M. Şimşek, “Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 44–54, 2010.
ISNAD Şimşek, Ziya et al. “Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 10/1 (March 2010), 44-54.
JAMA Şimşek Z, Kondur Y, Öner N, Şimşek M. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2010;10:44–54.
MLA Şimşek, Ziya et al. “Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 10, no. 1, 2010, pp. 44-54.
Vancouver Şimşek Z, Kondur Y, Öner N, Şimşek M. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Dikkate Alınarak Kabukböceklerinin Yönetimi. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2010;10(1):44-5.

14178  14179       14165           14166           14167            14168