Timber skidding with mules to karstic areas in Mediterranean region of Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 209 - 214, 20.03.2017

Tolga Öztürk , Necmettin Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.286419

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Timber logging and skidding may be done in one step by
means of mules when terrain’s slope and skidding distance is small. Animal
logging and skidding operations is one of the traditional hauling systems in some
regions of Turkey. But, the use of mules in skidding operation is very
decreases in recent years. This paper present research results of the
productivity of mules skidding using timber harvesting method in karstic region
of Turkey. Time measurements are done during skidding operations with mules. The
elements of the skidding work phases were identified, 30 cycles were recorded
for this study, skidding distance, slope, number of timber and stem size. In
this study, skidding distances are changed between 105 and 154 meters. The
average skidding distance is 135 meters. Hourly productivity is 1.142 m³ hr^-1 for average skidding distance. The
total cost of mules skidding operations is calculated as 11.55 $ m³^-1.

Keywords

Mule, skidding, productivity

References

• Akay A.E. 2005. Determining cost and productivity of using animals in forest harvesting operations. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 1(2), 190-195.
• Anonymous, 2012. IBM SPSS Advanced Statistics 21(Installation Cdrom).
• Borz S.A., Ciobanu V. 2013. Efficiency of motor manual felling and horse logging in small-scale firewood production. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(24), 3126-3135.
• Boydak M. 2003. Regeneration of Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani A.Rich.) on karstic lands in Turkey. Forest Ecology and Management, 178, 231-243.
• Dykstra D.P., Heinrich R. 2006. FAO Model code of forest harvesting practice. FAO Publication, Rome.
• Eroglu H., Ozmen T. 2010. A research on the logging operation with animal power in terms of productivity. III. National Blacksea Forestry Congress, Artvin, Turkey, 554-563.
• Ezzati S., Najafi A., Durston T. 2011. Impact of animal logging on soil physical properties in mule trail in Hyrcanian forests. Transportation Research Part D, 16, 316-320.
• Ghaffariyan M.R., Durston T., Sobhani H., Mohadjer M.R.M. 2008. Mule logging in northern forests of iran: a study of productivity, cost and damage to soil and seedlings. Croat. J.For.Eng., 29(1), 67-75.
• Jourgholami M., Majnounian B., Feghhi J., Visser R.J.M. 2010. Timber extraction with mules: a case study in the Hyrcanian forest. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(22), 3108-3115.
• Jourgholami M. 2011. Small-scale timber harvesting: mule logging in Hyrcanian forest. Small-Scale Forestry. DOI 10.1007/s11842-0119174-y.
• McCabe P.P., Tiner E. 1992. Mule logging: A dying art? Treasures Forest, 14-15.
• McDonald T.P., Fulton J.P. 2005. Automated time study of skidders using global positioning system data. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 48, 19-37.
• Mc Gonagli K. 1979. Southern horse and mule logging in Alabama. Logging System Guide, US Forest Service.
• Naghdi R., Lotfalian M., Bagheri I., Jalali A.M. 2009. Damages of skidder and animal logging to forest soils and natural regeneration. Croat. J.For.Eng., 30(2), 141-149.
• Naghdi R., Solgi A., Zenner E.K. 2015. Soil disturbance caused by different skidding methods in mountainous forests of Northern Iran. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 26(3), 212-224.
• Ozturk T., Senturk N. 2010. Productivity and time studies of MB Trac 900 tractor at beech stands on mountainous areas in Turkey. Baltıc Forestry, 16(1), 132-138.
• Rodriguez E.O. 1986. Wood extraction with oxen and agricultural tractors. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 92, Rome.
• Shrestha S.P., Lanford,B.L. 2005. Utilization and cost of log production from animal logging operations. Journal of Forest Engineering, 16(2), 167-180.
• Wang L. 1997. Assessment of animal skidding and ground machine skidding under mountain condition. Journal of Forest Engineering, 8(2), 57-64.
• Wang J., McNeel J., Baumgras J. 2003. A computer-based time study system for timber harvesting operations. Forest Products Journal, 53(3), 47-53.