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Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 80 - 87, 05.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.296501

Abstract

Planting
trees in urban areas has a number of environmental, social and ecological
benefits, and roadside trees are an integral part of urban green space. Having
a broad diversity of trees in urban roadsides can
guard against the possibility of large-scale devastation by both native and
introduced insect and disease pests. Urban foresters and municipal arborists
are advised to follow guidelines for tree diversity within their areas of
jurisdiction: (1) plant no more than 10% of any species, (2) no more than 20 %
of any genus, and (3) no more than 30 % of any family. The aim of the study was
to assess biological diversity on the five major urban roadsides (
Atatürk Boulevard, Yüzüncüyıl Boulevard,
Hürriyet Street, Serik Street, Palmiye Street)
. The species are identified and counted. Face to
face interviews were carried out with landscape architects/municipal arborists
to understand decision making process on selecting and deciding the species to
be planted.  Results showed that three
species and one genus do not fit to the expected ratio. Municipals lacked an
inventory list and a biodiversity scale for planning and planting in ratios
necessary to keep a diverse biological environment. Based on the shortcomings,
we would recommend to establish an inventory to do more informed decision
first, and plan new plantings in a way that would increase biodiversity in
species and genus level.

References

  • Akbari, H., Davis, S., Dorsano, S., Huang, J., Winnett, S., 1992. Cooling Our Communities: A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 217 pp.
  • Bassuk, N., Whitlow, T., 1987. Environmental stress in street trees. Acta Horticulturae, 195, 49–57.
  • Bassuk, N.L., 1990. Street Tree diversity making beter choices for the urban landscapes. Trees for the Nineties: Landscape Tree Selection, Testing, Evaluation, and Introduction Proceedings of the seventh conference of The Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, June 11-12, 1990, p.71-78.
  • Bernath, K., Roschewitz, A., 2008. Recreational benefits of urban forests: explaining visitors’ willingness to pay in the context of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Environmental Management 89, 155–166.
  • Box, J., Harrison, C., 1994. Minimum targets for accessible natural greenspace in urban areas. Urban Wildlife News, 11:10-11.
  • Bühler, O., Kristoffersen, P., Larsen, S.U., 2007. Growth of street trees in Copenhagen with emphasis on the effect of different establishment concepts. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33, 330–337.
  • Cilliers, S.S., Müller, N., Drewes, E., 2004. Overview on urban nature conservation: situation in the western-grassland biome of South Africa. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 3:49-62.
  • Clark, J.R., Matheny, N.E., Cross, G., Wake, V., 1997. A model of urban forest sustainability. J. Arboric. 23:17-30.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  • Dembilio, O., Jacas, J.A., Llacer, E., 2009. Are the palms Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis suitable hosts for the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Col. Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, 565-567.
  • Galvin, M.F., 1999. A methodology for assessing and managing biodiversity in street tree populations: a case study. Journal of Arboriculture, 25, 124–128.
  • Jim, C.Y., 1992. Tree-habitat relationships in urban Hong Kong. Environmental Conservation, 19, 209–218
  • Jim, C.Y., 1999. A planning strategy to augment the diversity and biomass of roadside trees in urban Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 13–31.
  • Kiran, S.G., Kinnary. S., 2011. Carbon sequestration by urban trees on roadsides of Vadodara city. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 3(4), pp 3666-3070.
  • McPherson, G.E., DJ. Nowak, R.A. Rowntree., 1994. Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project, General Technical Report NE-186. USDA Forest Service, Northeast. For. Exp. Sta., Radnor, PA. 201 pp.
  • McPherson, E.G., Nowak, D., Heisler, G., Grimmond, S., Souch, C., Grant, R., Rowntree, R., 1997. Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago urban forest climate project. Urban Ecosystem 1, 49-61.
  • McPherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R., Peper, P.J., Xiao, Q., 1999. Benefit-cost analysis of Modesto’s municipal urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 25, 235–248.
  • More, D., White, J., 2003. Trees of Britain & Northern Europe, p. 417. Cassells, London. ISBN 0-304-36192-5.
  • Morton, J., 1987. Sour Orange. p. 130–133. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F.nMorton, Miami, FL.
  • Nannini, D.K., Sommer, R., Meyers, L.S., 1998. Resident involvement in inspecting trees for Dutch Eem disease. J. Arboric. 24:42-46.
  • Ode, Å., Fry, G., 2002. Visual aspects in urban woodland management. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 1, 15–24.
  • Ozdilek, A., Cengel, B., Kandemir, G., Tayanc, Y., Velioglu, E., Kaya, Z., 2012. Molecular phylogeny of relict endemic Liquidambar orientalis Mill based on sequence diversity of the chloroplast-encoded matK gene.Plant Sytematics and Evolution 298:237-349.
  • Östberg, J., Delshammar, T., Wiström, B., Nielsen, A.B., 2013. Grading of parameters for urban tree inventories by city officials, arborists, and academics using Delphi method. Environmental Management 51, 694–708.
  • Parks and Street Lights Office, 2005. A glimpse of Taipei streets. Taipei: Public Works Department, Taipei City Government.
  • Ranta, P., Kesulahti J., Tanskanen, A., Viljanen, V., Virtanen, T., 2015. Roadside and riverside green – urban corridors in the city of Vantaa, Finland. Urban Ecosystem, 18,
  • 341–354.
  • Reduron, J.P., 1996. The role of biodiversity in urban areas and the role of cities in biodiversity conservation. In F. di Castri and T. Younes (Eds.), Biodiversity, science and development: Towards a new partnership (pp.551-557), Wallingford: CAB International.
  • Rowntree, R., 1984. Ecology of the urban forest – introduction to part I. Urban Ecology 8, 1–11.
  • Rowntree, R., 1986. Ecology of the urban forest – introduction to part II. Urban Ecology 9, 229–243.
  • Santamour, F. S., 1990. Trees for urban planting: Diversity Uniformity, and Common Sense. Trees for the Nineties: Landscape Tree Selection, Testing, Evaluation, and Introduction Proceedings of the seventh conference of The Metropolitan Tree Improvement AllianceThe Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, June 11-12, p.57-65.
  • Schwaab, E.C., Alban, L., Riley, J., Rabaglia, R., and Miller, K.E., 1995. Maryland's Forests: A Health Report. Maryland Department of Natural Resources-Forest Service, Annapolis, MD. 48 pp.
  • Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2012. Cities and Biodiversity Outlook.
  • Montreal, 64 pages.
  • Tanhuanpääa, T., Vastarantaa, M., Kankarea V., Holopainena M., Hyyppäb J. , Hyyppäc H., Alhoe P., Raisio J., 2014. Mapping of urban roadside trees –A case study in the tree register update process in Helsinki City. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 13: 562–570.
  • Tsai, H.M., 2001. The role of national parks on biodiversity education. In Proceedings of the national park conference on biodiversity conservation strategies (pp, 18-196), Taipei: National Parks Society.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2011. Census (Büyükşehir belediyeleri ve bağlı belediyelerin nüfusları) – 2011
  • Tyrväinen, L., Pauleit, S., Seeland, K., de Vries, S., 2005. Benefits and uses of urban forests and trees. In: Konijnendijk, C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T., Schipperijn, J. (Eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Hei- delberg, pp. 81–114.
  • United States Department of Energy, 1992. Saving Energy by Managing Urban Heat Islands: Something We Can Do About the Weather! U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. 8

Kentsel Yol Ağaçlandırmalarında Biyoçeşitlilik, Antalya-Türkiye Örneği

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 80 - 87, 05.03.2017
https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.296501

Abstract

Kentsel yeşil alan
sisteminin ayrılmaz bir parçasını oluşturan kentsel alan ağaçlandırmaları
birçok çevresel, sosyal ve ekolojik faydayı da beraberinde getirmektedir.
Kentsel yol ağaçlandırmaları için seçilecek ağaç türlerinde çeşitliliğin
sağlanması yerli ve egzotik zararlılardan ve hastalık etmenlerinden kaynaklanan
büyük ölçekli hasarların önlenmesine olanak sağlar. Kent ormancıları ve
belediye bünyesinde çalışan ağaçlandırma ile ilgilenen uzmanlar kendi yetki
alanları içerisinde çeşitliliğin sağlanması için tavsiyelerde bulunmaktadır:
Bir alanda dikim yaparken (1) aynı türe ait bireylerin oranı toplam bireylerin
%10’unu, (2) aynı cinse ait bireyler tüm bireylerin %20’sini ve (3) aynı
familyaya ait bireylerin tüm bireylere oranının %30’u geçmemesi gerektiği
şeklindedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Antalya ilinin 5 ana yol güzergahındaki
(Atatürk Bulvarı, Yüzüncüyıl Bulvarı, Hürriyet Caddesi, Serik Caddesi, Palmiye
Caddesi) yol boyu ağaçlandırmalarındaki biyolojik çeşitliliğin belirlenmesidir.
Çalışma kapsamında belirlenen caddelerdeki türler tek tek belirlenerek
sayılmıştır. Kullanılan türlerin belirlenmesi ve türlerin dikiminde karar
sürecini anlayabilmek ve bilgi edinmek için ilgili belediyelerde görev yapan
peyzaj mimarları ile yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara
göre 3 türün ve 1 cinsin beklenen oranla uyuşmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Belediyelerin kullanılan türlerle ilgili herhangi bir envanter listesine sahip
olmadıkları, dikimlerde biyoçeşitliliği temel alan bir planlama yapmadıkları da
elde edilen sonuçlar arasındadır. Tavsiye edilen oranlara göre dikimlerin
yapılması çeşitliliğin sağlandığı bir biyolojik çevrenin sürdürülebilmesi için
önemli bir koşuldur. Belirlenmiş bu eksiklikler göz önüne alındığında öncelikle
daha bilinçli kararların verilebilmesi için envanterlerin yapılması
önerilmektedir. Ayrıca yeni yapılacak olan dikimlerle de tür ve cins
seviyesinde biyoçeşitliliğin arttırılmasını sağlayacak bir planlama
yapılmalıdır.

References

  • Akbari, H., Davis, S., Dorsano, S., Huang, J., Winnett, S., 1992. Cooling Our Communities: A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 217 pp.
  • Bassuk, N., Whitlow, T., 1987. Environmental stress in street trees. Acta Horticulturae, 195, 49–57.
  • Bassuk, N.L., 1990. Street Tree diversity making beter choices for the urban landscapes. Trees for the Nineties: Landscape Tree Selection, Testing, Evaluation, and Introduction Proceedings of the seventh conference of The Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance. The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, June 11-12, 1990, p.71-78.
  • Bernath, K., Roschewitz, A., 2008. Recreational benefits of urban forests: explaining visitors’ willingness to pay in the context of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Environmental Management 89, 155–166.
  • Box, J., Harrison, C., 1994. Minimum targets for accessible natural greenspace in urban areas. Urban Wildlife News, 11:10-11.
  • Bühler, O., Kristoffersen, P., Larsen, S.U., 2007. Growth of street trees in Copenhagen with emphasis on the effect of different establishment concepts. Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33, 330–337.
  • Cilliers, S.S., Müller, N., Drewes, E., 2004. Overview on urban nature conservation: situation in the western-grassland biome of South Africa. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 3:49-62.
  • Clark, J.R., Matheny, N.E., Cross, G., Wake, V., 1997. A model of urban forest sustainability. J. Arboric. 23:17-30.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R., Tan, K., 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands vol. 10. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  • Dembilio, O., Jacas, J.A., Llacer, E., 2009. Are the palms Washingtonia filifera and Chamaerops humilis suitable hosts for the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Col. Curculionidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 133, 565-567.
  • Galvin, M.F., 1999. A methodology for assessing and managing biodiversity in street tree populations: a case study. Journal of Arboriculture, 25, 124–128.
  • Jim, C.Y., 1992. Tree-habitat relationships in urban Hong Kong. Environmental Conservation, 19, 209–218
  • Jim, C.Y., 1999. A planning strategy to augment the diversity and biomass of roadside trees in urban Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning, 44, 13–31.
  • Kiran, S.G., Kinnary. S., 2011. Carbon sequestration by urban trees on roadsides of Vadodara city. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 3(4), pp 3666-3070.
  • McPherson, G.E., DJ. Nowak, R.A. Rowntree., 1994. Chicago's Urban Forest Ecosystem: Results of the Chicago Urban Forest Climate Project, General Technical Report NE-186. USDA Forest Service, Northeast. For. Exp. Sta., Radnor, PA. 201 pp.
  • McPherson, E.G., Nowak, D., Heisler, G., Grimmond, S., Souch, C., Grant, R., Rowntree, R., 1997. Quantifying urban forest structure, function, and value: the Chicago urban forest climate project. Urban Ecosystem 1, 49-61.
  • McPherson, E.G., Simpson, J.R., Peper, P.J., Xiao, Q., 1999. Benefit-cost analysis of Modesto’s municipal urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture, 25, 235–248.
  • More, D., White, J., 2003. Trees of Britain & Northern Europe, p. 417. Cassells, London. ISBN 0-304-36192-5.
  • Morton, J., 1987. Sour Orange. p. 130–133. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F.nMorton, Miami, FL.
  • Nannini, D.K., Sommer, R., Meyers, L.S., 1998. Resident involvement in inspecting trees for Dutch Eem disease. J. Arboric. 24:42-46.
  • Ode, Å., Fry, G., 2002. Visual aspects in urban woodland management. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 1, 15–24.
  • Ozdilek, A., Cengel, B., Kandemir, G., Tayanc, Y., Velioglu, E., Kaya, Z., 2012. Molecular phylogeny of relict endemic Liquidambar orientalis Mill based on sequence diversity of the chloroplast-encoded matK gene.Plant Sytematics and Evolution 298:237-349.
  • Östberg, J., Delshammar, T., Wiström, B., Nielsen, A.B., 2013. Grading of parameters for urban tree inventories by city officials, arborists, and academics using Delphi method. Environmental Management 51, 694–708.
  • Parks and Street Lights Office, 2005. A glimpse of Taipei streets. Taipei: Public Works Department, Taipei City Government.
  • Ranta, P., Kesulahti J., Tanskanen, A., Viljanen, V., Virtanen, T., 2015. Roadside and riverside green – urban corridors in the city of Vantaa, Finland. Urban Ecosystem, 18,
  • 341–354.
  • Reduron, J.P., 1996. The role of biodiversity in urban areas and the role of cities in biodiversity conservation. In F. di Castri and T. Younes (Eds.), Biodiversity, science and development: Towards a new partnership (pp.551-557), Wallingford: CAB International.
  • Rowntree, R., 1984. Ecology of the urban forest – introduction to part I. Urban Ecology 8, 1–11.
  • Rowntree, R., 1986. Ecology of the urban forest – introduction to part II. Urban Ecology 9, 229–243.
  • Santamour, F. S., 1990. Trees for urban planting: Diversity Uniformity, and Common Sense. Trees for the Nineties: Landscape Tree Selection, Testing, Evaluation, and Introduction Proceedings of the seventh conference of The Metropolitan Tree Improvement AllianceThe Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, June 11-12, p.57-65.
  • Schwaab, E.C., Alban, L., Riley, J., Rabaglia, R., and Miller, K.E., 1995. Maryland's Forests: A Health Report. Maryland Department of Natural Resources-Forest Service, Annapolis, MD. 48 pp.
  • Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2012. Cities and Biodiversity Outlook.
  • Montreal, 64 pages.
  • Tanhuanpääa, T., Vastarantaa, M., Kankarea V., Holopainena M., Hyyppäb J. , Hyyppäc H., Alhoe P., Raisio J., 2014. Mapping of urban roadside trees –A case study in the tree register update process in Helsinki City. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 13: 562–570.
  • Tsai, H.M., 2001. The role of national parks on biodiversity education. In Proceedings of the national park conference on biodiversity conservation strategies (pp, 18-196), Taipei: National Parks Society.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute, 2011. Census (Büyükşehir belediyeleri ve bağlı belediyelerin nüfusları) – 2011
  • Tyrväinen, L., Pauleit, S., Seeland, K., de Vries, S., 2005. Benefits and uses of urban forests and trees. In: Konijnendijk, C., Nilsson, K., Randrup, T., Schipperijn, J. (Eds.), Urban Forests and Trees: A Reference Book. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Hei- delberg, pp. 81–114.
  • United States Department of Energy, 1992. Saving Energy by Managing Urban Heat Islands: Something We Can Do About the Weather! U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. 8
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Songül Sever Mutlu This is me

Ceren Selim

Gülçin Ün This is me

Publication Date March 5, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Sever Mutlu, S., Selim, C., & Ün, G. (2017). Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 17(1), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.296501
AMA Sever Mutlu S, Selim C, Ün G. Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. March 2017;17(1):80-87. doi:10.17475/kastorman.296501
Chicago Sever Mutlu, Songül, Ceren Selim, and Gülçin Ün. “Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 80-87. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.296501.
EndNote Sever Mutlu S, Selim C, Ün G (March 1, 2017) Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17 1 80–87.
IEEE S. Sever Mutlu, C. Selim, and G. Ün, “Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey”, Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 80–87, 2017, doi: 10.17475/kastorman.296501.
ISNAD Sever Mutlu, Songül et al. “Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty 17/1 (March 2017), 80-87. https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.296501.
JAMA Sever Mutlu S, Selim C, Ün G. Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17:80–87.
MLA Sever Mutlu, Songül et al. “Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey”. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017, pp. 80-87, doi:10.17475/kastorman.296501.
Vancouver Sever Mutlu S, Selim C, Ün G. Plant Biodiversity of Urban Roadside Trees in Antalya, Turkey. Kastamonu University Journal of Forestry Faculty. 2017;17(1):80-7.

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